Cathedral Cloister and Priory Buildings 大教堂回廊和修道院建筑
description: Like many medieval English and continental cathedrals, St Andrews had an associated monastery. In the mid-twelfth century a priory of Augustinian canons was founded at St Andrews Cathedral (displacing an earlier community of Celtic holy men). The Augustinian canons managed the shrine of St Andrew, and the cathedral functioned as their monastery church. The canons lived in accommodation to the south of the cathedral, and the remains of their cloister, storage rooms and chapter house (where priory business was discussed) can still be seen. Academic study was an important part of monastery life, and during the late Middle Ages canons from the cathedral were involved in the setting up of St Andrews University. However, the atmosphere in the cathedral priory was not always one of virtuous scholarship – in 1394 the prior of St Andrews Cathedral, Robert de Montrose, was murdered by one of his fellow canons. The murderer died of natural causes shortly afterwards and was buried in a rubbish heap. 和许多中世纪英国和欧洲大陆的大教堂一样,圣安德鲁斯大教堂有一个附属的修道院。在十二世纪中期，一个属于奥古斯丁教士们的小修道院在圣安德鲁斯大教堂建立，取代了之前的凯尔特神职人员教会。奥古斯丁教士们管理圣安德鲁的神社, 大教堂被他们用作修道院的教堂。教士们住在大教堂南边的宿舍里，至今修道院，储存室和礼堂 （讨论修道院事物的地方）的遗迹仍然可以看到。学术研究是修道院生活的重要组成部分,在中世纪晚期，来自大教堂的教士们参与了圣安德鲁斯大学的建立。然而,教堂修道院的气氛并不总是善良道德的——1934年，在圣安德鲁斯大教堂前,罗伯特·德·蒙特罗斯被与他一起的修道士谋杀。不久之后， 凶手死于自然原因葬并被埋葬在了一个垃圾堆。 Audio - Michael Brown on Walter Bower's account of the life of Cathedral Prior - James Bisset 音频 - 迈克尔·布朗描述沃尔特·鲍尔在大教堂前的生活——詹姆斯毕塞特 Video 1 - Interior and exterior of the Cathedral Cloisters reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group Video 2 - History and operation of the University Library in the early days (Courtesy: Ever to Excel) Video 3 - Description of the St Andrews Psalter (Courtesy: University of St Andrews Special Collections) 视频 1 - 修道院回廊在虚拟世界中内部与外部的重建 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作 视频 2 - 早期大学博物馆的历史与运作 （感谢： 电影 “Ever to Excel”） 视频 3 - 圣安德鲁斯诗篇的描述 （感谢：圣安德鲁斯大学特别珍藏）
date: 2015/6/2
language: English/中文

Blackfriars 黑衣修士修道院
description: The ruins at Blackfriars are all that remain of St Andrews' Dominican friary. The Dominicans (also known as the Black Friars because of the colour of their cloaks) are a Catholic religious order founded in France in the thirteenth century. They were particularly committed to preaching, education, and combating heresy. It is not clear when Dominican friars first settled in St Andrews, but they were well-established in the city by the late fifteenth century. The friars undertook major building work during the early sixteenth century, and the surviving ruined chapel is probably part of an extension to the friary church built in 1549. Only ten years later, in 1559, the friary was sacked by Protestant Reformers, the friars driven out, and the buildings partially demolished. 黑衣修士修道院废墟是圣安德鲁斯的多米尼加修道院的遗迹。多米尼加人(也被称为黑色修道士由于他们的黑色斗篷)是一个十三世纪在法国建立的天主教宗教团。他们特别致力于布道、教育和打击异端。目前尚不清楚多米尼加修道士们何时开始在圣安德鲁斯定居,但直到十五世纪末，他们仍在镇上生活。在十六世纪早期，修道士进行了主要的建筑工作 ,有废墟幸存的礼拜堂可能是建于1549年的修道士教堂的延伸。仅仅十年后的1559年,修道院被新教维新者洗劫, 修道士被赶出,部分建筑物被损毁。 Audio 1 -Richard Fawcett on the Blackfriars church Audio 2 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the history of the Dominican Friary Audio 3 - Katie Stevenson on Walter Bower Audio 4 - Michael Brown on John Knox's account of the execution of Patrick Hamilton 音频 1 - 理查德·福塞特关于黑衣修道士教堂的描述 音频 2 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述多米尼加修道院的历史 音频 3 - 凯蒂·史蒂文森讲述瓦尔特·鲍尔 音频 4 - 迈克尔·布朗讲述约翰·诺克斯对于帕特里克·汉密尔顿的死刑的描述
date: 2015/6/2
language: English/中文

St Andrews Cathedral 圣安德鲁斯大教堂
description: St Andrews Cathedral was once the most important church in Scotland. It was the base for the country's senior bishopric and housed the relics of St Andrew (the nation's patron saint). For many centuries St Andrews Cathedral was the largest building in Scotland (it was only surpassed in the nineteenth century when Edinburgh's Waverley Station was built). During its long history the Cathedral suffered a number of disasters. In 1304 King Edward I of England stripped the lead from the roof to provide materials for his siege of Stirling Castle. Seventy years later, in 1378, a great fire damaged large portions of the Cathedral. Major restoration work was undertaken, and by the early fifteenth-century the church had been returned to its former glory. However, in 1559 the Scottish Reformation ended the Cathedral's religious function. The vast church rapidly became ruined and by 1690 it looked much as it does today. 圣安德鲁斯大教堂曾经是苏格兰最重要的教会，是苏格兰高级主教工作，生活的地点并且收藏了圣安德鲁的遗骸(苏格兰的守护神)。在过去的许多个世纪里，圣安德鲁斯大教堂是苏格兰最大的建筑(直到19世纪爱丁堡的威弗利火车站建成)。在漫长的历史中，大教堂屡次遭受灾祸。1304年，英格兰国王爱德华一世从教堂的屋顶剥下铅作为包围斯特灵城堡的材料。七十年后的1378年,一场大火摧毁了大教堂的大部分。随着主体修复工作的进行,十五世纪早期大教堂已经恢复了往日的荣耀。然而,在1559年，苏格兰的宗教改革结束了大教堂的宗教信仰功能。巨大的教堂被迅速毁坏, 到了1690年，大教堂的样子看起来就像如同今天所见。 Audio 1 - Richard Fawcett on St Andrews Cathedral Audio 2 - Roger Mason on the significance of the St Andrews Cathedral and the reformation Audio 3 - Katie Stevenson on the gale force wind at the St Andrews Cathedral in 1410 音频 1 - 理查德·福塞特对于圣安德鲁斯大教堂的描述 音频 2 - 罗杰·梅森讲述圣安德鲁斯大教堂和宗教改革的意义 音频 3 - 凯蒂·史蒂文森讲述1410年大风暴对于圣安德鲁斯大教堂的影响 Video 1 - Virtual world reconstruction of the cathedral (By the department of Computer Science, University of St Andrews) 视频 - 圣安德鲁斯大教堂的虚拟重建 - 由圣安德鲁斯计算机系制作
date: 2015/6/2
language: English/中文

St Rule's Church 圣鲁尔教堂
description: The small building now known as St Rule's Church was once St Andrews' main cathedral. It was probably built in the early twelfth century, perhaps by workmen from northern England. The church is in the Romanesque (or Norman) style that was then popular across much of Europe. Its high tower is visible for many miles, and may have been designed to guide seafarers to St Andrews. In the late twelfth century St Rule's was superseded by the much larger cathedral whose ruins it stands beside. Nevertheless, the old church remained important to the canons of St Andrews Cathedral, and an image of St Rule's was used on the cathedral canons' seal for official documents until after the Reformation. 这个现在被称为圣鲁尔教堂的小建筑曾经是圣安德鲁斯主要的教堂。它可能是十二世纪初由来自英格兰北部的工人建造的。圣鲁尔教堂是罗马式(又被称为诺曼式)的教堂, 这个风格在那个时期流行整个欧洲。教堂的高塔在许多英里之外就可以看到,它的设计目的可能是为前来圣安德鲁斯的海员导航。在十二世纪末，圣鲁尔教堂被一个大很多的主教堂取代了，这个大主教堂的位置就在圣鲁尔教堂旁边，现在只剩下了废墟。然而,圣鲁尔教堂对于圣安德鲁斯大教堂的教士们依然很重要, 圣鲁尔教堂的图像被用在大教堂教士们的印章上, 直到宗教改革运动之后。 Audio 1 - Richard Fawcett on the description of St Rules Church Audio 2 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the emergence of the bones of St Andrews in Scotland 音频 1 - 理查德·福塞特对于圣鲁尔教堂的描述 音频 2 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹对于圣安德鲁斯的骨头出现在苏格兰的描述 Video - Interior and exterior of St Rule's Church reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group 视频 - 圣鲁尔教堂内部以及外部的虚拟重建 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作
date: 2015/6/2
language: English/中文

Church of St Mary, Kirk Hill 圣玛丽教堂，科克山
description: Kirk Hill (or Kirk Heugh as it is sometimes called) has a long history of human activity. Archaeologists have found evidence of prehistoric burials at this site, perhaps dating from as long ago as 500 B.C. There are also some signs of early metal working. In the mid twelfth century a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary was established here. The new church housed a community of holy men known as "Culdees" (a term derived from the Celtic phrase Ceile-De or "friend of God"). The Culdees had previously served the shrine of St Andrew but were pushed out from this role by the foundation of an Augustinian monastery at the Cathedral. During the later Middle Ages St Mary's was a royal chapel and enjoyed the patronage of successive Scottish kings. The church was still functioning at the Reformation, when several of its priests were prosecuted for refusing to convert to Protestantism. 科克山(有时又被称为Kirk Heugh)有悠久的人类活动历史。考古学家在此地发现了史前的埋葬遗迹,可以追溯到大概公元前500年。此外，考古学家也发现了一些早期的金属加工迹象。早在十二世纪中叶，人们在此建立了一座教堂供奉给圣母玛利亚。教堂里居住着被称为“Culdees”(这个词源自凯尔特语Ceile-De，意为神的朋友)的神职人员。这些神职人员起先服侍于这个圣安德鲁的圣地,但从奥古斯丁修道院在大教堂建立开始，便被迫不再担任这个角色。在中世纪后期，圣玛丽教堂被当做皇家礼拜堂并且不断有苏格兰国王到访。在宗教改革运动中，有一些神父因为拒绝皈依新教而被起诉，但是教堂仍然正常运转。 Audio - Elizabeth Swarbrick on the church of St Mary on the Rock 音频 - 伊丽莎白斯沃布里克对于圣玛丽教堂的介绍 Video 1 - Legendary account of the foundation of the town of St Andrews, formerly known as Kilrymont (Courtesy: Ever to Excel) Video 2 - Exterior of the Church of St Mary on the rock reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group 视频 1 - 传奇的诞生 - 圣安德鲁斯 （原名 Kilrymont ） 视频 2 - 圣玛丽教堂在虚拟世界中的外部重建 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作
date: 2015/6/2
language: English/中文

Images relating to medieval St Andrews
subject: Images of manuscripts, seals and other documents which relate to St Andrews
description: (From left to right) The Mace of the Faculty of Arts. See also: http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/musa/see/starobjects/stsalvatorsmace/ A seal depicting the cathedral The seal of the University of St Andrews The university seal matrix The Statutes of St Leonard's College: https://pacific.st-andrews.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=4&dsqSearch=%28%28text%29%3D%27uysl165%27%29 Summa Theologica of St Thomas Aquinas. Gifted to the town of St Andrews by the Blackfriars: http://library.st-andrews.ac.uk/record=b1307346~S5

Related Resources
subject: Other websites of interest to scholars of medieval St Andrews
source: The Medieval St Andrews project webpage: http://medsta.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/ The Medieval St Andrews app: http://medievalstandrews.org/ An interactive reconstruction of St Andrews cathedral by Open Virtual Worlds: http://blogs.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/openvirtualworlds/reconstructions/st-andrews-cathedral/ The Institute of Scottish Historical Research: http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/ishr/ St Andrews University Library Special Collections: http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/ The Museum of the University of St Andrews: http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/musa/ Historic Scotland: http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/
relation: Download the Medieval St Andrews app: Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.medievalstandrews.app&hl=en_GB iOS: https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/mediaeval-st-andrews-app/id953459145?mt=8

Dunrobin Castle Museum

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Rosemarkie Cross Slab
description: The original location of the Rosemarkie Cross Slab was most likely within a Pictish settlement or monastery, it later was used as a floor slab in Rosemarkie Church and also stood in the Churchyard, before being moved and preserved within Groam House Museum.

Housing
description: Pictish buildings would appear to have varied depending on regional location and building material available. Evidence of Pictish housing finds them to be of a reasonable size, round or oval shaped with no windows and a central hearth. Access to these buildings would be through a low and narrow doorway.

Folklore
description: David MacRitchie, a Scottish folklorist (1851-1925), argued that fairies were based on a real diminutive or pygmy-statured population that lived in Scotland during the late Stone Age: "Postulations based on the premise that fairies constitute a folk memory of former races, conquered peoples who were pushed out beyond the periphery of settled areas, have fuelled the imagination of many scholars on this subject. Of particular significance was a theory advanced by David MacRitchie that fairies were an actual race of small or 'little' people, the original Pictish peoples of Scotland."

Painted Skin
description: It is said that the Picts got their name from the Romans, who called them Picti, which is Latin for ‘painted people’. This is thought to refer to the tales of the Picts painting and tattooing their bodies.

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Latin Transcriptions
subject: Documents relating to medieval St Andrews which have been fully transcribed from original material in the University archives.
description: All documents are listed in the University's catalogue, at http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/collections/archives/
source: Call Number UYSL110/PW/3 Title Pittance writ: Charter granting alms to the Church of St Andrew the Apostle Date [1215] Omnibus Sancte Matris Ecclesie filiis presens scriptum uisuris uel audituris Johannes filius mikaelis Clerici Salutem. Noveritis universitas uestra me divine caritatis intuitu dedisse concessisse et presenti mea Carta confirmasse deo et Ecclesie Beati Andree apostoli et Canonicis ibidem deo seruientibus et seruituris Dimidiam marcam argenti in puram et perpetuam elemosinam ad limunare Ecclesie pro fraternitate mea et pro animabus antecessorum et successorum meorum de Bracino meo de Morkambus singulis annis ad festum Sancti Andree percipiendam. Ita uidelicet ut quicumque de me et de heredibus meis predictum Bracinum cum terra eidem adiacente tenuerit predictam dimidiam marcam dictis Canonicis absque ulla contradicione seu molestia uel reclamacione Apud Sanctum andream predicto termino fideliter persolvat. Vt autem hec mea donatio et concessio rata et inconcussa in perpetuum permaneat tam presentis scripti munimine cum sigilli mei appositione roboraui. Hiis testibus Domino Willelmo de Wyvilli Domino Henrico de Abernith Domino Michaele filius de Malloch Domino Gilberto persona de Wemes Johanne filius Wynemi Ricardo Manipeni Johanne Pigate Mauricio de Methkil et multis aliis. Reverse: Carta Domini Johannis filii Michaelis de dimidia marca argenti de Morkambus. Call Number UYSL110/PW/5 Title Pittance writ: Charter granting alms to the church of St Andrew the Apostle Date c.1240 Omnibus has litteras visuris vel audituris Hugo filius Hugi de Esidin salutem. Sciatis me dedisse concessisse et hac carta mea confirmasse deo et ecclesie beati Andrei apostoli in primam et perpetuam elimosinariam dimidiam peciam cere vel duos solidos in subsidium Luminaris ad missam beate marie percipiendam annuatim de terra Torbrete que est inter Clacchem et Blabloe scilicet ad festum Sancti Andree Quare volo ut dicta ecclesia dictam elemosinam habeat possideat et percipiat sing…

The Town of St Andrews and the Scottish Parliament
subject: The following comprises records from RPS in which St Andrews is mentioned. It does not include records in which the bishop, archbishop or any other clerics based in St Andrews acted as witnesses, judges, notaries or ambassadors. It also does not include references to St Andrew himself.
description: ‘The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 (RPS) is a fully searchable database containing the proceedings of the Scottish parliament from the first surviving act of 1235 to the union of 1707. The culmination of over ten years’ work by researchers from the Scottish Parliament Project based in the School of History at the University of St Andrews, the online edition seeks to make this key historical source freely available to all in a technologically advanced and user-friendly format. The inclusion of new parliaments and conventions of estates, committee records, parliamentary minutes and additional material makes the online edition the most comprehensive record of Scottish parliamentary proceedings ever available. All the sources which make up the proceedings of the pre-1707 Scottish parliament are fully cited and an extensive editorial apparatus included, enabling for the first time a proper understanding of the many and varied sources which make up Scotland’s parliamentary record. A parallel translation of the original Latin, French and Scots text into English and the standardisation of place and personal names, where identifiable, enables keyword searches on an infinite number of subjects, with direct links from the modern translation to the original manuscript record.’ All entries can be found at http://www.rps.ac.uk/
creator: K.M. Brown et al eds. (St Andrews, 2007-2015).
source: [A1304/1] Proceeding: summons to parliament The king to Sir Nicholas de la Hay, greeting. We command you, strictly enjoining you, by the faith which you owe us, to be at our parliament in the town of St Andrews this next Monday in mid-Lent, by all means. Wemyss, 5 March [1304] [1309/1] Letters: by the magnates of Scotland to Philip IV, king of France To the most Christian and triumphant prince and reverend lord the lord Philip [IV] by the grace of God illustrious king of the French, William, earl of Ross, Malcolm, earl of Lennox, William, [earl of Suther]land, and the communities of the earldoms of Fife, Menteith, Mar, Buchan and Caithness, the heirs of which are in ward, likewise the communities of all the other earldoms of the kingdom of Scotland [except] [D]unbar; Edward de Bruce, lord of Galloway, James the steward of Scotland, Alexander de Argyll, Donald de Islay, John de Menteith, Hugh, the son and heir of the earl [of Ross], Gilbert de Hay, constable of Scotland, Robert de Keith, marischal of Scotland, Thomas Randolph, lord of Nithsdale, James, lord of Douglas, Alexander de Lindsay, Alexander de [Fraser], [William] Wiseman, David de Barclay, Robert Boyd, barons; and also all of Argyll and the Hebrides and the inhabitants of all the kingdom of Scotland recognising the fealty of the lord Robert by the grace of God king of Scotland, all [... ... ....] Your credence having been revealed to us in writing, and having been fully understood [by us], in the full parliament of our lord the king solemnly held not long ago at the city of St Andrews, impressed upon our minds the joyfulness of [your] devot[ion] [... ... ....] For we conclude that your majesty’s mind is devoutly disposed to take on the business of the Holy Land, to prosecute which all followers of the Christian faith justly ought to strive and with humble devotion incline their hearts [... ... ...,] we saw that it was contained [in your letter] that your royal grace considers and calls to mind the treaties …

The Church of St Andrews and the Scottish Parliament
subject: The following comprises records from RPS in which St Andrews is mentioned. It does not include records in which the bishop, archbishop or any other clerics based in St Andrews acted as witnesses, judges, notaries or ambassadors. It also does not include references to St Andrew himself.
description: ‘The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 (RPS) is a fully searchable database containing the proceedings of the Scottish parliament from the first surviving act of 1235 to the union of 1707. The culmination of over ten years’ work by researchers from the Scottish Parliament Project based in the School of History at the University of St Andrews, the online edition seeks to make this key historical source freely available to all in a technologically advanced and user-friendly format. The inclusion of new parliaments and conventions of estates, committee records, parliamentary minutes and additional material makes the online edition the most comprehensive record of Scottish parliamentary proceedings ever available. All the sources which make up the proceedings of the pre-1707 Scottish parliament are fully cited and an extensive editorial apparatus included, enabling for the first time a proper understanding of the many and varied sources which make up Scotland’s parliamentary record. A parallel translation of the original Latin, French and Scots text into English and the standardisation of place and personal names, where identifiable, enables keyword searches on an infinite number of subjects, with direct links from the modern translation to the original manuscript record.’
creator: K.M. Brown et al eds. (St Andrews, 2007-2015). All entries can be found at http://www.rps.ac.uk/
source: [A1321/7/1] Letters: patent of Agnes de Mordington recording the sale of Glanderstone in Garioch at parliament To all sons of holy mother church who shall see or hear the present writing, Agnes de Mordington, daughter and heiress of Sir Peter de Mordington, knight, greeting in the Saviour of all. All of you shall know that I, not by force, trickery or fear, but voluntarily, purely and simply, for me, my heirs and successors whomsoever, have sold to John, son of Adam Browning, and conveyed the title of the sale to him in person, all the land of Glanderstone in Garioch with all its pertinents, freedoms and profits whatsoever pertaining to the said land, or which may pertain in future in any way. Also [you should know] if, concerning the same, it was proper to make special mention for the 360 merks of good and legal sterling in coin paid into my hands, of which sum of money I quitclaim the said John by the present [letters] and renounce on this behalf, exception being made of money not counted and of any deceit which might be interposed. And for the faithful and inviolable observing of this, I gave a bodily oath into the hands of the venerable father the lord William de Lamberton, by the grace of God bishop of St Andrews, and notwithstanding I swore touching the holy Gospels in the presence of all the prelates assembled in council at Perth on 9 July 1321, that I hold my said sale to be established and valid in perpetuity for myself and my heirs and successors, and not to come against the same directly or indirectly by myself or through others in any way in future. And if it should occur that I, my heirs or successors oppose the aforesaid sale in any way de facto, since I shall not be able to do so de jure, I oblige myself, my heirs and successors to pay the said John, his heirs, successors and assignees £200 sterling before the same John, his heirs, successors or assignees are held to answer me, my heirs, successors or assignees, concerning the aforesaid lands in any w…

Early Records of the University of St Andrews
subject: The graduation roll and the matriculation roll of the medieval University, from 1413.
description: Taken from J. M. Anderson (ed.) Early records of the University of St. Andrews (Edinburgh, Scottish History Society, 1926) http://library.st-andrews.ac.uk/search~S5?/Yearly+records+of+the+university&searchscope=5&SORT=DZ/Yearly+records+of+the+university&searchscope=5&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=early+records+of+the+university/1%2C217%2C217%2CB/frameset&FF=Yearly+records+of+the+university&searchscope=5&SORT=DZ&2%2C2%2C
source: Graduation Roll 1413 Oaths of the Bachelors I swear that I shall be obedient to the faculty of arts and to the dean thereof in things lawful and proper: Also that I shall observe and cause to be observed the statutes and privileges of the faculty of arts, and shall defend them so far as I am able in whatever position I may attain to: Likewise I shall keep the secrets of the said faculty, nor shall I reveal them to any one to whom they ought not to be revealed. Names of the Bachelors this year In the first William Yhalulok, who paid 2 s this week. Likewise lord Stephen [Kerr], who paid 2 s this week. Likewise Thomas Graham, who paid 2 s this week. Likewise Thomas Livingston, who paid 2 s this week. Likewise Angus de Levynnochis, who paid 2 s this week. Likewise John Homyll, who paid 2 s this week. Likewise Andrew Maklauch, who paid 2 s this week. Although a determinant at Oxford he was nevertheless generously admitted by the faculty. Likewise lord Robert Fabri, who paid 2 s this week. Likewise John Henry, who paid nothing. Likewise Alexander Methven, who paid nothing. Nevertheless, those two offered surety, the first by a sworn declaration, the second by a sponsor, that if they should come into easier circumstances they would satisfy the faculty like the others preceding. Likewise lord Robert de Tynnyngame. Although made a bachelor at Oxford he was nevertheless admitted by the faculty. He contributed 5 s 6 d. 1414 Names of the Bachelors in the year of our Lord fourteen hundred and fourteen. In the first Alan Fudes, who paid 20 d this week. Lord Richard de Eddislav, who paid 2 s this week. John Winton, who paid 22 d this week. Thomas Ramsay, who paid 22 d this week William White, who paid 22 d this week. Henry Malwyne, who paid 22 d this week. Thomas Edname, who paid 22 d this week. Thomas Tulloch, who paid 2 s this week. Moricius John, who paid 22 d this week. William Lyell, who paid 19 d this week. Richard Spalding, who paid 20 d this week. Lord John Thom, who paid …

Documents relating to the town of St Andrews
subject: Miscellaneous documents which relate to the medieval town.
source: Charter of David II Know that whereas the former reverend fathers in Christ of honoured memory, the bishops of St Andrews, have in times past have had in times past the great customs of their own goods and those of the men of the city of St Andrews and have been in full possession thereof hitherto, we, not desiring to lessen the liberty and possessions of the said bishops but rather more fully to increase the same, and considering the various works and heavy expenses incurred and laid out, as effectively and faithfully, by the reverend father in Christ William Laundelis by the grace of God now bishop of St Andrews in sundry ways for the benefit of us and the common weal (res publica), we have approved, ratified and for ever confirmed to him and to his successors the said customs in form, possession and effect, as the same have been used and enjoyed hitherto; and of new for us and our heirs, of certain knowledge and deliberate counsel have bestowed upon and given to him the said custom for the term of his life in … the form underwritten, that is to say, that his citizens of St Andrews shall be free to buy wool, skins and woolly hides wherever they wish, as well in the burgh of Cupar as within other parts of Fife and Fothryff and elsewhere, being within the lands of the said bishop, and that they shall not be compelled to pay the great custom arising therefrom save to the bishops and his officer …; notwithstanding our grants made to any persons or places, for it was not our intention that, on account of such concessions, the liberties and privileges of the said father in Christ and the citizens should anywise suffer; and that the said bishop and his successors may freely possess the great custom of all goods owing to their burgh of St Andrews coming from the port thereof, or being borne to their port of Edyn, together with the escheat of wool, hides and woolly hides if found in these parts not paying customs; and that the cocket of the said burgh of St Andrews shall b…

The Burgh Laws
subject: The Leges Burgorum, translated by Ann Matheson (2011)
source: i. Concerning the King’s rents in burgh tenures In the first, it must be considered what the rent of our lord the king in burgh tenure is. Each man gives the king for his burgh tenure that he defends, for each square perch of land (c 25 metres square) annually. ii. Concerning newly created burgesses Whoever is made a new burgess of our lord the king in the first shall swear loyalty to the king and to his baillies and to the community in which he has been made a burgess. iii. Concerning taking strangers(upland men) into custody in the burgh Any burgess can take into custody strangers (upland men) from beyond the market and outwith his home and without permission of the burgh grieve, but not if the market fairs are held in the burgh and not if he is in the king’s army or indeed engaged in the custody of the castle. iv. Poinding a burgess through another burgess A burgess cannot poind another burgess without the permission of the burgh grieve. v. Concerning things loaned by a burgess to a stranger (upland man) If a burgess has loaned to men from outside the burgh, if the debtor concedes the debt, he shall yield it and if he negates the debt he shall do the right thing (before the lawholders of the burgh) vi. Concerning complaints in the burgh Cases that arise in the burgh shall be held and determined except those that are under the king’s crown. And all quarrels that take place within the burgh must be ended within the burgh, except those that are under the king’s crown. Those that belong under the king’s crown must be registered and kept safe until the arrival of the Justice and then they shall be pleaded against and resolved in the burgess court before the Justice. vii. Concerning complaints outwith the burgh If a burgess is called concerning any complaint he shall not plead outside the burgh unless it is in default of court nor must he respond without a day or term specified unless he has earlier made a foolish response, with the exception of cases that fall to the …
publisher: The Burgh Laws can be found, along with other material, in: R. Renwick (ed.), The Ancient Laws and Customs of the Burghs of Scotland (Edinburgh : Scottish Burgh Records Society, 1868-1910). http://library.st-andrews.ac.uk/search/Y?search=ancient+laws+and+customs+of+the+burghs+of+scotland