<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/items/show/655">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[St Leonard&#039;s Chapel<br />
圣伦纳德礼拜堂]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The origins of St Leonard&#039;s may go back as far as the twelfth century, when an (unnamed) hospital was referred to in a document concerning St Andrews Cathedral. By the mid thirteenth century a hospital dedicated to St Leonard was firmly established on the site now occupied by St Leonard&#039;s Chapel and School. Like most medieval hospitals St Leonard&#039;s primarily provided accommodation - in this case for pilgrims visiting the shrine of St Andrew. During the late Middles Ages the number of pilgrims visiting St Andrews declined, and in 1512 the hospital was converted into a university college for the education of &quot;poor clerks&quot;. The College of St Leonard survived until the eighteenth century when it was amalgamated with St Salvator&#039;s College (on North Street). The university subsequently sold off most of St Leonard&#039;s buildings but retained ownership of the college chapel. The rest of the college buildings are now occupied by a boarding school.<br />
<br />
圣伦纳德礼拜堂的起源可以追溯到十二世纪, 在一份关于圣安德鲁斯大教堂的文档中提到了一个没有名字的医院。十三世纪中叶，一个服务于圣伦纳德的医院建立在了现在是圣伦纳德教堂和学校的地方。像大多数中世纪医院一样，圣伦纳德医院为来圣安德鲁斯的朝圣者提供住宿。在中世纪后期，来圣安德鲁斯的朝圣者数量下降, 在1512年， 医院转变成了大学学院为穷人提供教育。圣伦纳德学院一直延续到十八世纪直到与圣萨尔瓦托学院合并(在北街)。圣安德鲁斯大学后来出售了圣伦纳德学院的大部分建筑物,但保留了大学礼拜堂。其余的学院建筑属于一所寄宿学校。<br />
<br />
Audio - Christine McGalddery on the significance of St Leonards College in the University of St Andrews<br />
<br />
音频 - 克里斯汀讲述圣伦纳德学院对于圣安德鲁斯大学的意义<br />
<br />
Video - Brief account of the foundation and history of St Leonards College (Courtesy: University of St Andrews Special Collection)<br />
<br />
视频 - 简单介绍圣伦纳德学院的起源和历史(感谢： :圣安德鲁斯大学特殊收藏)]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2015/6/6]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[English/中文]]></dcterms:language>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/items/show/657">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[St Mary&#039;s College<br />
圣玛丽学院]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The site of St Mary&#039;s College was one of the first properties acquired by the University of St Andrews. When the university was founded in 1413 it had no buildings of its own and lecturers taught in borrowed rooms. However, in 1419 a college dedicated to St John was founded on South Street. Shortly afterwards the Faculty of Arts bought the property next door and established a teaching building known as the Pedagogy. These two sites formed the first large properties owned by the new university. In the early sixteenth century both St John&#039;s and the Pedagogy fell into ruin and in the 1530s a decision was taken to establish a new college of St Mary in their place. St Mary&#039;s was designed to combat heresy and defend Catholicism. It opened in the 1550s and attracted scholars from Scotland and the Continent. Less than ten years later St Andrews was hit by the upheavals of the Scottish Reformation. St Mary&#039;s rapidly shifted its religious allegiance and became a Protestant organisation training ministers for the Church of Scotland. St Mary&#039;s remains the divinity department for the University of St Andrews.<br />
<br />
圣玛丽学院是圣安德鲁斯大学最早拥有的几个场所之一。当圣安德鲁斯大学在1413年成立时,它没有自己的建筑,讲师们在借来的房间内教学。到了1419年,一个属于圣约翰的学院在南街建立了。之后不久，艺术学院买了隔壁的物产并且建立了被称为 “Pedagogy” 的教学楼。这两个场所是圣安德鲁斯大学最早拥有的物产。在十六世纪早期，这两个学院都沦为废墟。在1530年代，新的圣玛丽学院在这个位置建立起来。圣玛丽学院旨在打击异端和捍卫天主教。在1550年代圣玛丽学院开始招生并且吸引了来自苏格兰和欧洲大陆的学者，仅仅不到十年后，圣安德鲁斯受到苏格兰宗教改革的打击。圣玛丽迅速改变了宗教的信仰,成为新教为苏格兰教会培养牧师的场所。现在，圣玛丽学院仍然是圣安德鲁斯大学的神学院。<br />
<br />
Audio 1 - Roger Mason on the significance of St Marys College in the University of St Andrews<br />
Audio 2 - Michael Brown on John Knox&#039;s account of the execution of Patrick Hamilton<br />
Audio 3 - Elizabeth Swarbrick on the architecture of St Mary&#039;s College<br />
Audio 4 - Elizabeth Swarbrick on St Mary&#039;s College<br />
Audio 5 - Elizabeth Swarbrick on St Mary&#039;s Quadrangle<br />
Audio 6 - Rachel Hart on St Mary&#039;s College<br />
Audio 7 - Joanna Lumley on the foundation of St Andrews University<br />
<br />
音频 1 - 罗杰·梅森讲述圣玛丽学院对于圣安德鲁斯大学的意义<br />
音频 2 - 迈克尔·布朗讲述约翰·诺克斯对帕特里克·汉密尔顿的行刑的描述<br />
音频 3 - 伊丽莎白斯沃布里克讲述圣玛丽学院的建筑<br />
音频 4 - 伊丽莎白斯沃布里克讲述圣玛丽学院<br />
音频 5 - 伊丽莎白斯沃布里克讲述圣玛丽的四边形<br />
音频 6 - 瑞秋哈特讲述圣玛丽学院<br />
音频 7 - 乔安娜拉姆利讲述圣安德鲁斯大学的建立<br />
<br />
Video - Brief account of the foundation of the University of St Andrews (Courtesy: Ever to Excel)<br />
<br />
视频 - 简要讲述圣安德鲁斯大学的成立 （感谢： 电影 “Ever to Excel”）]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2015/6/7]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[English/中文]]></dcterms:language>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/items/show/649">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[St Rule&#039;s Church<br />
圣鲁尔教堂]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[The small building now known as St Rule&#039;s Church was once St Andrews&#039; main cathedral. It was probably built in the early twelfth century, perhaps by workmen from northern England. The church is in the Romanesque (or Norman) style that was then popular across much of Europe. Its high tower is visible for many miles, and may have been designed to guide seafarers to St Andrews. In the late twelfth century St Rule&#039;s was superseded by the much larger cathedral whose ruins it stands beside. Nevertheless, the old church remained important to the canons of St Andrews Cathedral, and an image of St Rule&#039;s was used on the cathedral canons&#039; seal for official documents until after the Reformation.<br />
<br />
这个现在被称为圣鲁尔教堂的小建筑曾经是圣安德鲁斯主要的教堂。它可能是十二世纪初由来自英格兰北部的工人建造的。圣鲁尔教堂是罗马式(又被称为诺曼式)的教堂, 这个风格在那个时期流行整个欧洲。教堂的高塔在许多英里之外就可以看到,它的设计目的可能是为前来圣安德鲁斯的海员导航。在十二世纪末，圣鲁尔教堂被一个大很多的主教堂取代了，这个大主教堂的位置就在圣鲁尔教堂旁边，现在只剩下了废墟。然而,圣鲁尔教堂对于圣安德鲁斯大教堂的教士们依然很重要, 圣鲁尔教堂的图像被用在大教堂教士们的印章上, 直到宗教改革运动之后。<br />
<br />
Audio 1 - Richard Fawcett on the description of St Rules Church<br />
Audio 2 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the emergence of the bones of St Andrews in Scotland<br />
<br />
音频 1 - 理查德·福塞特对于圣鲁尔教堂的描述<br />
音频 2 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹对于圣安德鲁斯的骨头出现在苏格兰的描述<br />
<br />
Video - Interior and exterior of St Rule&#039;s Church reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group<br />
<br />
视频 - 圣鲁尔教堂内部以及外部的虚拟重建 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2015/6/2]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[English/中文]]></dcterms:language>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/items/show/654">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[St Salvator&#039;s College Chapel and Tower<br />
圣萨尔瓦托学院礼拜堂和塔]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[St Salvator&#039;s Chapel is one of St Andrews University&#039;s two surviving medieval chapels (the other is St Leonard&#039;s Chapel on South Street). It was built in the 1450s by Bishop James Kennedy as a place of worship for the members of his new College of St Salvator. Prior to the founding of St Salvator&#039;s the University of St Andrews had been a relatively informal institution where most students and teaching staff lived and worked in private accommodation. Kennedy wished to create a university college along the lines of those at Oxford and Cambridge, and to this end constructed a large complex of buildings including a dining hall and cloister (both of which have since been demolished). The chapel was lavishly furnished with valuable statues (including a large silver image of Christ the Saviour), fine paintings, and altar hangings of cloth of gold. Few of these treasures survived the Reformation.<br />
<br />
圣萨尔瓦托礼拜堂是圣安德鲁斯大学两个仅存的中世纪礼拜堂之一(另一个是在南街的圣伦纳德教堂)。圣萨尔瓦托礼拜堂由主教詹姆斯·肯尼迪建于1450年代，用做新圣萨尔瓦托学院成员的礼拜场所。圣萨尔瓦托学院成立前，圣安德鲁斯大学是一个相对非正式机构,大多数学生和教师在私人场所生活和工作。肯尼迪希望像牛津和剑桥大学一样创建一个大学学院,出于这个目的肯尼迪建造了一个大型并且复杂的建筑，包括餐厅和回廊(都已经被拆除)。珍贵的雕像被用来装饰礼拜堂(包括救世主的银影像),精美的画画, 黄金做的帘布。然而几乎没有珍宝在宗教改革中幸免于难。<br />
<br />
Audio 1 - Elizabeth Swarbrick on the history of St Salvators<br />
Audio 2 - Audio description of the Mace of the College of St Salvator<br />
Audio 3 - Symbolism of the Mace of the College of St Salvator<br />
Audio 4 - Roger Mason on the life and death of Patrick Hamilton, Scotland&#039;s first martyr<br />
<br />
音频 1 - 伊丽莎白斯沃布里克讲述圣萨尔瓦托的历史<br />
音频 2 - 音频描述圣萨尔瓦托学院的权杖<br />
音频 3 - 圣萨尔瓦托学院的权杖的象征<br />
音频 4 - 罗杰·梅森讲述帕特里克·汉密尔顿的生平和死亡,苏格兰的第一个烈士<br />
<br />
Video 1 - Brief account of the foundation of St Salvators College (Courtesy: Ever to Excel)<br />
Video 2 - Interior and Exterior of St Salvators Chapel reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group<br />
Video 3 - Brief description of St Salavators maces (Courtesy: Ever to Excel)<br />
Video 4 - Brief account of the prosecution of Patrick Hamilton, Scotland&#039;s first martyr (Courtesy: Ever to Excel)<br />
<br />
视频 1 - 简单介绍圣萨尔瓦托学院的成立(感谢：电影 &quot;Ever to Excel&quot;)<br />
视频 2 - 圣萨尔瓦托学院内部和外部的重建 - 由开放的虚拟世界制作<br />
视频 3 -简要描述圣萨尔瓦托学院的权杖 (感谢：电影 &quot;Ever to Excel&quot;)<br />
视频 4 -简要描述帕特里克·汉密尔顿的起诉,苏格兰的第一烈士 (感谢：电影 &quot;Ever to Excel&quot;)]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2015/6/3]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[English/中文]]></dcterms:language>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/items/show/653">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[The Pends<br />
拱道]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[At the east end of South Street there is a pair of fourteenth-century arches known as &quot;the Pends&quot;. These were part of a gateway to the walled enclosure surrounding St Andrews Cathedral. During the Middle Ages many cathedrals and monasteries had impressive gatehouses controlling access to and from the religious community. The Pends were originally covered by stone vaults (the supports for which can still be seen). The gatehouse is thought to have also had an upper storey with accommodation for a porter. Following the Reformation a pension was paid to the porter&#039;s widow.<br />
<br />
在南街东边的尽头有一对建于十四世纪的拱门被称为“拱道”。通过它们能到达被围墙环绕的圣安德鲁斯大教堂。在中世纪，许多教堂和修道院都有令人印象深刻的城楼，它们控制着通往宗教场所的通道。拱道最初是被石头拱顶覆盖的(仍然可以看到支撑结构)。城楼被认为拥有第二层， 为看门人提供了住宿场所。随着宗教改革，那些成了寡妇的看门人妻子获得了抚恤金。<br />
<br />
Audio - Katie Stevenson reading Walter Bower<br />
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音频 - 凯蒂·史蒂文森讲述沃尔特·鲍尔<br />
<br />
Video 1 - Brief account of the arrival and life of the Papal Bulls in early St Andrews (Courtesy: Ever to Excel)<br />
Video 2 - The Cathedral Pends reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group<br />
<br />
视频 1 - 短暂讲述教皇来到并生活在早期圣安德鲁斯 （感谢：电影 ‘Ever to Excel’）<br />
视频 2 - 大教堂拱道 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2015/6/3]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[English/中文]]></dcterms:language>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/items/show/656">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Tolbooth<br />
镇政府]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Outlined in the paving on Market Street is the location of St Andrews&#039; former tolbooth (the Scottish equivalent of a town hall). We do not know precisely when St Andrews’ tolbooth was built, but recent archaeological excavation suggests the site has been used by people since the twelfth century. The tolbooth underwent a number of major renovations and was almost completely rebuilt in the sixteenth century. As in other Scottish towns, the tolbooth was a meeting place for the local council and community. It also acted as a prison. St Andrews&#039; tolbooth was eventually demolished in the 1860s as it was regarded as an obstruction to traffic.<br />
<br />
市场街上有圣安德鲁斯从前的镇政府(tolbooth为苏格兰英语等同于镇政府)。我们并不清楚得知道圣安德鲁斯镇政府是什么时候建成的, 但最近的考古发掘证实这个场所自十二世纪起就有人使用了。圣安德鲁斯镇政府经历了许多次修缮并且在16世纪几乎完全重建。和其他的苏格兰城镇一样, 镇政府是本地议会和社区开会的地方。此外，它还被当做监狱。在1860年代， 圣安德鲁斯镇政府被最终拆除, 理由是它阻碍了交通。<br />
<br />
Audio - Elizabeth Rhodes on the reformation that took place in St Andrews in 1559<br />
<br />
音频 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述发生在1559年的圣安德鲁斯的宗教改革<br />
<br />
Video - Panoramic view of the Toolbooth, reconstructed by Open Virtual Worlds Group<br />
<br />
视频 - 镇政府的虚拟全景 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2015/6/6]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[English/中文]]></dcterms:language>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/items/show/665">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[West Port<br />
西门]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[During the late Middle Ages there were gateways across all the main roads into St Andrews. These marked the entries to the city and formed a public reminder of the transition from the countryside to the urban area of St Andrews (which, like other Scottish towns, had its own regulations and privileges). Apart from entries into the cathedral grounds, the West Port is the only one of the St Andrews gateways to survive. The current archway was built in 1589, replacing an earlier (and probably simpler) structure. It was modelled on the Nether Bow - one of the sixteenth-century gateways to Edinburgh. The redesigned West Port was built to a high standard with finely carved stonework. However, the project ran significantly over budget, and eventually cost almost twice as much as had originally been anticipated.<br />
<br />
在中世纪晚期，所有进入圣安德鲁斯的主要通道都有门。这些门提醒人们从农村地区进入城市地区的圣安德鲁斯(跟其他苏格兰小镇一样, 圣安德鲁斯它自己的规则和特权)。除了大教堂的入口外, 西门是圣安德鲁斯仅存的门。当前的拱门建于1589年,取代了早前可能更为简单的拱门。是仿照16世纪爱丁堡的门（炼狱弓）建造的。重新设计的西门质量很高并且有精心雕刻的石雕。然而, 建造西门的花费大大超出预算,最终花费几乎是预算的两倍。<br />
<br />
Video  - Panoramic view of the west port, reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Groups<br />
视频 - 西门的全景 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:date><![CDATA[2015/6/7]]></dcterms:date>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[English/中文]]></dcterms:language>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
