1 20 27 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/669/southStreet52.JPG 26f8c1d238beb6d90efa6b1bdf162561 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/669/southStreet52[2].JPG 3acbe1b4ab1d684aa7c2b43e5500db46 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/669/southStreet52Geddy.PNG 5af03a6413f1c6d5ecd1c499790d612c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 52 South Street 南街52号 Description An account of the resource The current exterior of 52 South Street probably dates from the eighteenth century. However, the core of the building is much older. Archaeological investigations undertaken during a recent restoration of the building revealed that part of the house is in fact fourteenth century. The fourteenth-century house was much smaller than the current building and was located several feet further away from the street. Indeed, the frontage of the medieval house now forms the back wall of the ground floor room. Like many of the medieval properties in St Andrews, 52 South Street is still a private house. 当前南街52号的外形结构大概可以追溯到18世纪。然而, 这个建筑的核心要老得多。考古人员在最近的一次建筑修复中发现房子的一部分可以追溯到14世纪。14世纪的建筑远小于当前的建筑并且离街道也更远几英尺。事实上, 中世纪的建筑的正门位置是现在房子一楼房间的后墙。像许多中世纪圣安德鲁斯的建筑一样, 南街52号如今仍然是是一个私人住宅。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/Blackfriars.mp3 a0c34fce292ba18ca518ce451ac2d81a https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/Blackfriars2.mp3 2ec9a2452bd83b2296af1707bd0aecf1 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/heresay.mp3 35d5e3954b1e72770f7ba09d8af14e8b https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/JohnKnoxOnPatrickHamiltonDeath.mp3 73dad84de4bb937aebd8c42f5b1e6473 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/blackfriarsChapel.jpg a1e006fbadaf6dfa20b7b0ac98c0a6f5 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/blackfriars1.jpg 78135e8954988666825f2bfb9d825034 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/blackfriars6.JPG 9f75d5a99d2ee0491ce6569d28db46c5 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/blackfriars7.JPG 6d768291232770e9c37e1c25f1dbd452 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/blackfriars2.jpg 77aa63fb4662d1afb9a74f9126d47b80 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/blackfriars3.jpg dd26d4458219adcc2e259af414701dbf https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/blackfriars5.jpg b69b34b89839c6a7042b3b437a313622 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/blackfriarsAquinas.jpg 00b9e63970bff9685740e7caf29bb1df https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/651/blackfriarsNewtestament.jpg d78eb82c9433966500c36166020e425f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Blackfriars 黑衣修士修道院 Description An account of the resource The ruins at Blackfriars are all that remain of St Andrews' Dominican friary. The Dominicans (also known as the Black Friars because of the colour of their cloaks) are a Catholic religious order founded in France in the thirteenth century. They were particularly committed to preaching, education, and combating heresy. It is not clear when Dominican friars first settled in St Andrews, but they were well-established in the city by the late fifteenth century. The friars undertook major building work during the early sixteenth century, and the surviving ruined chapel is probably part of an extension to the friary church built in 1549. Only ten years later, in 1559, the friary was sacked by Protestant Reformers, the friars driven out, and the buildings partially demolished. 黑衣修士修道院废墟是圣安德鲁斯的多米尼加修道院的遗迹。多米尼加人(也被称为黑色修道士由于他们的黑色斗篷)是一个十三世纪在法国建立的天主教宗教团。他们特别致力于布道、教育和打击异端。目前尚不清楚多米尼加修道士们何时开始在圣安德鲁斯定居,但直到十五世纪末，他们仍在镇上生活。在十六世纪早期，修道士进行了主要的建筑工作 ,有废墟幸存的礼拜堂可能是建于1549年的修道士教堂的延伸。仅仅十年后的1559年,修道院被新教维新者洗劫, 修道士被赶出,部分建筑物被损毁。 Audio 1 -Richard Fawcett on the Blackfriars church Audio 2 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the history of the Dominican Friary Audio 3 - Katie Stevenson on Walter Bower Audio 4 - Michael Brown on John Knox's account of the execution of Patrick Hamilton 音频 1 - 理查德·福塞特关于黑衣修道士教堂的描述 音频 2 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述多米尼加修道院的历史 音频 3 - 凯蒂·史蒂文森讲述瓦尔特·鲍尔 音频 4 - 迈克尔·布朗讲述约翰·诺克斯对于帕特里克·汉密尔顿的死刑的描述 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/2 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/659/GeorgeWishart.mp3 2c5e345b4f74ea7ad26ab42f654a8f7b https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/659/JohnKnox.mp3 d1842039d75482c499b0123dc36a31f9 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/659/CastleJohnKnoxAccountOfWhatHappened.mp3 17785b6d056f6dc4ab3325c8ebee9740 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/659/JohnKnox.1.mp3 d1842039d75482c499b0123dc36a31f9 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/659/castlecliffe2.JPG 6b9a776982d607bd8c325651c6cdc1a1 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/659/castle.JPG cad705e89af9be99ed3370e2199b3176 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/659/castlecliffe3.JPG 7b74b280c7f344eae4db51727c0ce10a https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/659/castlecliffeGeddy.PNG 56b06e589cb1977bdfafbb7af268175c https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/659/castlecliffereconstruction1.jpg ca373292989f3ccb688f71649dad889c https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/659/castlecliffereconstruction2.jpg 0f58e065f7705e1038e96c16b4568400 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Castlecliffe 城堡悬崖 Description An account of the resource The area now occupied by the visitor centre for St Andrews Castle has seen a lot of different uses. During the late 1980s archaeologists found evidence of a fourteenth-century tannery on this site. Tanners converted animal skins into leather by soaking them in a variety of liquids (often including urine). The process was notoriously foul smelling and as a result tanners' workplaces were usually located towards the edge of towns. The tannery by St Andrews Castle seems to have been demolished around 1400 and replaced with ordinary housing. These homes were then swept away in the early sixteenth century when the area to the west of the castle was cleared and converted into the Castle Yard. The function of the new yard is uncertain, but it may have held stables and other outbuildings for the Castle. 现在是圣安德鲁斯城堡游客中心的区域曾经有过许多不同用途。在1980年代末,考古学家发现这里曾经是个制革厂。制革厂商通过将兽皮浸在不同液体中的方式(通常包括尿液)把兽皮转化为皮革。转化过程会产生恶臭, 因此制革厂通常位于城镇的边缘。大约在1400年，圣安德鲁斯城堡的制革厂城堡被拆除,取而代之的是普通住房。在十六世纪早期，这些普通住房被拆除了。城堡西面的区域被清理成了城堡的庭院。新的城堡庭院的用处并不清楚, 或许是马厩和其他城堡的附属建筑。 Audio 1 - Roger Mason on the trial and execution of George Wishart at the St Andrews Castle Audio 2 - Roger Mason on the role of John Knox in the protestant movements Audio 3 - Michael Brown on John Knox's account of the bombardment of the St Andrews Castle in 1547 Audio 4 - Roger Mason on the role of John Knox in the protestant movements 音频 1 - 罗杰·梅森讲乔治述魏沙特在圣安德鲁斯城堡的审判和行刑 音频 2 -罗杰·梅森在约翰诺克斯在新教运动中的作用 音频 3 - 迈克尔·布朗讲述约翰诺克斯描述圣安德鲁斯城堡于1547年遭受的炮击 音频 4 - 罗杰·梅森在约翰诺克斯在新教运动中的作用 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/652/CathedralJohnBissett.mp3 6ebd4c5bb5633cc92d209eb88929d0d2 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/652/Cloister.mp4 d742fcb956934436636ab74a59db6c2d https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/652/TreasuresOfTheLibraryTheStAndrewsPsalter.mp4 dbba5ddb8ea56f7c38890844514a606d https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/652/CathedralPrioryLibrary.mp4 40d5460c7d37fe53fc1eae42e5a0be14 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/652/CathedralPriory1.jpg 6cec5a4764dc6cc575e0a6323eabc124 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/652/CathedralPriory2.JPG 8f882cfacbb52106a6adae8b109e3fe6 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/652/CathedralPriory3.JPG 28096e589d0860301888586e69c56d82 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/652/stAndrewsFrenchIlluminated.jpg 8b5f4e7805b361af33f4ac4073edbe8e https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/652/woodcutofStAndrew.jpg 5b9853719e05a28655cd511f8f925699 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/652/hippoManuscript.jpg 9dcea2a928c70fd10e10d7127874d3a2 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/652/cathedralreconstruction2.jpg b129cf28dcce4e7ce076e395312510ae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cathedral Cloister and Priory Buildings 大教堂回廊和修道院建筑 Description An account of the resource Like many medieval English and continental cathedrals, St Andrews had an associated monastery. In the mid-twelfth century a priory of Augustinian canons was founded at St Andrews Cathedral (displacing an earlier community of Celtic holy men). The Augustinian canons managed the shrine of St Andrew, and the cathedral functioned as their monastery church. The canons lived in accommodation to the south of the cathedral, and the remains of their cloister, storage rooms and chapter house (where priory business was discussed) can still be seen. Academic study was an important part of monastery life, and during the late Middle Ages canons from the cathedral were involved in the setting up of St Andrews University. However, the atmosphere in the cathedral priory was not always one of virtuous scholarship – in 1394 the prior of St Andrews Cathedral, Robert de Montrose, was murdered by one of his fellow canons. The murderer died of natural causes shortly afterwards and was buried in a rubbish heap. 和许多中世纪英国和欧洲大陆的大教堂一样,圣安德鲁斯大教堂有一个附属的修道院。在十二世纪中期，一个属于奥古斯丁教士们的小修道院在圣安德鲁斯大教堂建立，取代了之前的凯尔特神职人员教会。奥古斯丁教士们管理圣安德鲁的神社, 大教堂被他们用作修道院的教堂。教士们住在大教堂南边的宿舍里，至今修道院，储存室和礼堂 （讨论修道院事物的地方）的遗迹仍然可以看到。学术研究是修道院生活的重要组成部分,在中世纪晚期，来自大教堂的教士们参与了圣安德鲁斯大学的建立。然而,教堂修道院的气氛并不总是善良道德的——1934年，在圣安德鲁斯大教堂前,罗伯特·德·蒙特罗斯被与他一起的修道士谋杀。不久之后， 凶手死于自然原因葬并被埋葬在了一个垃圾堆。 Audio - Michael Brown on Walter Bower's account of the life of Cathedral Prior - James Bisset 音频 - 迈克尔·布朗描述沃尔特·鲍尔在大教堂前的生活——詹姆斯毕塞特 Video 1 - Interior and exterior of the Cathedral Cloisters reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group Video 2 - History and operation of the University Library in the early days (Courtesy: Ever to Excel) Video 3 - Description of the St Andrews Psalter (Courtesy: University of St Andrews Special Collections) 视频 1 - 修道院回廊在虚拟世界中内部与外部的重建 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作 视频 2 - 早期大学博物馆的历史与运作 （感谢： 电影 “Ever to Excel”） 视频 3 - 圣安德鲁斯诗篇的描述 （感谢：圣安德鲁斯大学特别珍藏） Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/2 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/660/precinctwall.mp3 f1f0659f6a941e0d0905b41cfc267c55 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/660/MaryofGuiseArrivalInStAndrews.mp3 db3fed63797802406356f73b13842b3c https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/660/CathedralAndReformation.mp3 a7e929d31815fe06521cb84542073e4e https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral2.JPG f4b0e7e1fd947258aedc1432327945d9 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral3.JPG 6dd2d25fa7033dff94902e13992c403f https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral4.JPG 76301ba849cc0f14d4880092bb336762 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral5.JPG 0c3f5fe70b0a6b7370616527b72f20b0 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral6.JPG 60b1154d00258db9b0a01b0b43bb53fd https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral.JPG 1b50257d064ae9b084942f8200deaab9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cathedral Precinct 大教堂区域 Description An account of the resource During the Middle Ages St Andrews Cathedral was surrounded by buildings. There was accommodation for the canons who served the cathedral, housing for pilgrims who visited St Andrew's shrine, barns for storing the food and produce given to the church, and a large watermill for grinding grain. Around the edge of this vast religious complex there ran a stone wall, much of which still survives. The original wall was probably built in the fourteenth century. In the early 1500s the cathedral's prior, John Hepburn, gave orders for the wall to be heightened. Building work continued under John's nephew, Prior Patrick Hepburn, who commissioned the construction of several new towers. The difference between the older stonework and the Hepburns' improvements is visible in a number of places on the wall. 在中世纪,圣安德鲁斯大教堂被许多建筑包围。有服务于大教堂的牧师的宿舍,有提供给来圣安德鲁斯朝圣的朝圣者的房子,有储存并且制作食物的谷仓，还有一个用来磨粒的大水磨。在这巨大的宗教场所边缘有一堵石墙, 石墙的大部分如今仍然存在。最早的墙可能是在14世纪建造的。在1500年代，大教堂长老, 约翰•赫本下令加高了围墙。建设工作在约翰的侄子, 长老帕特里克·赫本的命令下继续进行, 他还下令修建了几个新塔楼。老城墙和经赫本改进后的城墙的区别在许多段城墙上可以看到。 Audio 1 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the significance of the Cathedral Precinct Wall Audio 2 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the arrival of Mary of Guise in St Andrews Audio 3 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the arrival of Mary of Guise in St Andrews Audio 4 - Roger Mason on the significance of the St Andrews Cathedral and the reformation 音频 1 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述大教堂围墙的意义 音频 2 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述玛丽来到圣安德鲁斯 音频 3 - 罗杰·梅森讲述圣安德鲁斯大教堂和教会改革的意义 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/648/StMaryontheRock.mp3 cde23b7a5025d83c4759f8bad8da4b8b https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/648/FoundationOfStAndrews.mp4 03ac99ba4a96f94c19a68224785e28e5 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/648/StMaryOnTheRock.mp4 787a3b3a3031286b71b67160683d7caf https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/648/collegeOfStMaryKirkHill.JPG a7462441a27208a1b9432c78e29c36f8 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/648/collegeOfStMaryKirkHillGeddy.PNG 0d7fae67a2f3552f8ef784de2f089970 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/648/stMaryOnTheRockReconstruction.jpg f6c7512d7ae94e0e357cff7419069e5d https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/648/stMaryOnTheRockReconstruction2.jpg 1c2c91ea4ae286a4737306c343b63317 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/648/stMarysOnTheRocksGhosted.jpg 0650afc612dd10d19164b6f3083b4125 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Church of St Mary, Kirk Hill 圣玛丽教堂，科克山 Description An account of the resource Kirk Hill (or Kirk Heugh as it is sometimes called) has a long history of human activity. Archaeologists have found evidence of prehistoric burials at this site, perhaps dating from as long ago as 500 B.C. There are also some signs of early metal working. In the mid twelfth century a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary was established here. The new church housed a community of holy men known as "Culdees" (a term derived from the Celtic phrase Ceile-De or "friend of God"). The Culdees had previously served the shrine of St Andrew but were pushed out from this role by the foundation of an Augustinian monastery at the Cathedral. During the later Middle Ages St Mary's was a royal chapel and enjoyed the patronage of successive Scottish kings. The church was still functioning at the Reformation, when several of its priests were prosecuted for refusing to convert to Protestantism. 科克山(有时又被称为Kirk Heugh)有悠久的人类活动历史。考古学家在此地发现了史前的埋葬遗迹,可以追溯到大概公元前500年。此外，考古学家也发现了一些早期的金属加工迹象。早在十二世纪中叶，人们在此建立了一座教堂供奉给圣母玛利亚。教堂里居住着被称为“Culdees”(这个词源自凯尔特语Ceile-De，意为神的朋友)的神职人员。这些神职人员起先服侍于这个圣安德鲁的圣地,但从奥古斯丁修道院在大教堂建立开始，便被迫不再担任这个角色。在中世纪后期，圣玛丽教堂被当做皇家礼拜堂并且不断有苏格兰国王到访。在宗教改革运动中，有一些神父因为拒绝皈依新教而被起诉，但是教堂仍然正常运转。 Audio - Elizabeth Swarbrick on the church of St Mary on the Rock 音频 - 伊丽莎白斯沃布里克对于圣玛丽教堂的介绍 Video 1 - Legendary account of the foundation of the town of St Andrews, formerly known as Kilrymont (Courtesy: Ever to Excel) Video 2 - Exterior of the Church of St Mary on the rock reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group 视频 1 - 传奇的诞生 - 圣安德鲁斯 （原名 Kilrymont ） 视频 2 - 圣玛丽教堂在虚拟世界中的外部重建 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/2 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/667/fishGait.JPG dcc2d6cc3539174096392edb7aae5f7a https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/667/fishgaitstreet1.jpg 0c182cd5874e01c1a232b9bec5f15295 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/667/fishgaitstreet2.jpg d085721536364cdf397675304dfcf3cd https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/667/fishgaitstreet3.jpg 279c56ef9d29886f96f65f094d3f92e5 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/667/fishGaitGeddy.PNG 9a3438686cda7c26ee63a200700bd86f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fish Gait 鱼街 Description An account of the resource The road leading from North Street to the Castle used to be called Fish Gait. The early history of the road is unclear. It has been suggested that Fish Gait is one of the oldest streets in St Andrews. However, archaeological excavations in the 1980s found that there was limited development in this area before the fourteenth century. By the early fifteenth century Fish Gait was a well-established street, and the land on each side had been divided into small plots. The name Fish Gait may indicate the line of work pursued by some of the street's residents. In the late Middle Ages St Andrews' fish market was located towards the east end of North Street, quite near to the junction with Fish Gait. 从北街到城堡的路过去被称为鱼街。这条街的早期历史并不清楚。有人认为鱼街是圣安德鲁斯最古老的街道之一。然而, 在1980年代的考古发掘发现这一区域在14世纪之前几乎没有被开发。在十五世纪早期，鱼街成为了固定的街道并且街两边的土地被分成小块。鱼街名字的由来可能是因为街附近的居民从事与鱼相关的工作。在中世纪晚期，圣安德鲁斯的鱼市场位于北街的东端，与北街和鱼街的交叉口很近。 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/666/Greyfriars7.JPG 80bc77161f9410222df47fda21588a01 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/666/greyfriarsSitePlan.jpg 96fbde4e347592b14facf14f712daac7 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/666/greyfriars.jpg da85e0255b8a7fec6d144b277b9cbcea https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/666/greyfriarsGeddy.PNG 3d528bc171ce869224164e80b47c80ab https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/666/greyfriars2.jpg b3787ef6fa007b38593f6e6d51a20582 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/666/greyfriars3.jpg 0b85bf8f31ccc34484a4be1aa016b988 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/666/Greyfriars8.JPG 1153ec98454c6015ebc5bfa58d6f2235 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Greyfriars 方济会 Description An account of the resource The properties on Greyfriars Gardens were built during the nineteenth century, as part of the Victorian expansion of St Andrews. However, the name "Greyfriars" reflects the earlier history of this site. In 1458 Bishop James Kennedy founded a Franciscan friary roughly where Greyfriars Gardens now runs. The Franciscans (or Grey Friars) are a Catholic religious order established by St Francis of Assisi in the early thirteenth century. They are particularly concerned about caring for the poor, and the order had a presence in many medieval towns. Following the Scottish Reformation the St Andrews' Grey Friars went into exile in the Netherlands. The friary buildings were demolished, and the area turned into crofts and gardens. Nowadays, the only part of the friary visible aboveground is the well, which is located in a private garden on the west side of the street. 方济会花园建于19世纪, 是圣安德鲁斯的维多利亚时代发展的一部分。然而,“方济会”这个名字反映了这个景点的早期历史。在1458年，大概在方济会花园现在所在的位置上， 主教詹姆斯·肯尼迪成立了一个方济会修道院。方济会修士(或灰衣修士)是一个天主教的宗教派别由圣方济在十三世纪初建立。他们特别关心和照顾穷人, 方济会这个派别在很多中世纪的城镇存在。苏格兰宗教改革后, 圣安德鲁斯的灰衣修士流亡到了荷兰。修道院建筑被拆除, 这片地区变成小农场和花园。现在, 唯一的在地面上可见的寺院遗址是街的西边私人花园里的一口井。 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurch.JPG 2310f3dc4402525ff1f9b0b233540a0a https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurch3.JPG 465684ba5308dda58c285984ad4e4e14 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/664/drawingOfHolyTrinityChurch.jpg 36da8ce4caa6f76ff0bcb6ace99d8ab8 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurchGeddy.PNG aee85c81bbe0f7dcb2644462962956be https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurchPlan.jpg 2444d7be34e97b5f53d7d7a8a7280fdd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Holy Trinity Church 圣三一教堂 Description An account of the resource Holy Trinity Church was for many years the main place of worship for St Andrews' ordinary residents. It was built in the early fifteenth century, near the residential and trading centre of St Andrews. During the late Middle Ages Holy Trinity was regarded as one of Scotland's leading parish churches, and was served by about thirty priests. The interior was richly decorated with stained glass, luxurious fabrics, and statues imported from Flanders. In 1547 Holy Trinity was the scene of the first public sermon of the famous Reformer, John Knox. In 1559 Knox again preached in Holy Trinity, commanding the people of St Andrews to purge the city of "monuments of idolatry". Inspired by Knox's words, the local population rejected Catholicism, tore down statues and altars, and sacked St Andrews Cathedral. At the start of the twentieth century Holy Trinity was extensively remodelled. Today only the tower and some pillars inside the church survive from the Middle Ages. 很多年以来，圣三一教堂是圣安德鲁斯的普通居民主要的礼拜场所。它建于十五世纪初, 位于圣安德鲁斯的中心位置。在中世纪晚期，圣三一教堂被认为是苏格兰主要的教区教堂之一, 有大约30个牧师。教堂内部装饰着富丽堂皇的彩色玻璃, 奢华的布料,以及从弗兰德斯进口的雕塑。1547年，著名的宗教改革家, 约翰诺克斯第一次在圣三一教堂公开布道。在1559年，诺克斯在圣三一教堂再次布道并且指挥圣安德鲁斯的居民清除城市内有关天主教的雕塑祭坛等等。在诺克斯的鼓舞下, 圣安德鲁斯居民反对天主教, 推到雕像和祭坛, 洗劫了圣安德鲁斯大教堂。二十世纪初，圣三一教堂大幅改建。如今只有塔楼和一些教堂内的柱子是中世纪遗留下来的。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/661/MerkatCross.mp3 4f7aa58cae1e96717beaff1796c2c201 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/661/PatrickHamilton.mp3 95784a1d15cf78fe7d4e2b086c2bdfd6 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/661/mercatCross.JPG b05f1857ef6104a817c6c8c6a3214638 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/661/mercatCrossGeddy.PNG 3929fb63ddb2bdf68d5e32a56a71c2a0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mercat Cross 麦卡特十字 Description An account of the resource Markets have been held in St Andrews since at least the late twelfth century. In the 1190s it was decided that St Andrews' market-place should be on "the land of Lambinus" - an open space roughly where the wide section of Market Street is today. As in other Scottish towns, the site of the market was denoted by a stone pillar known as the mercat (or market) cross. The mercat cross was an important meeting place for the residents of St Andrews and public announcements were often made there. On occasions, executions also took place here. The St Andrews mercat cross survived into the mid-seventeenth century, but seems to have been demolished at some stage before 1820. The location of the old mercat cross is indicated by an x-shape in the paving on the road. 最晚在十二世纪，市场开始在圣安德鲁斯出现。在1190年代，人们决定圣安德鲁斯的市场应该在“Lambinus之地” —— 即一个开放的空间，大概是如今市场街的位置。和其他苏格兰城镇一样, 市场的位置是用石柱表示的，并且被称为市场十字。市场十字是一个圣安德鲁斯居民见面的重要场所并且公告通常也是在这里宣布的。有时, 行刑也发生在这里。圣安德鲁斯市场十字幸存到十七世纪中叶, 但似乎在1820年之前在某个阶段被拆除了。如今，人们在路上用一个“x”形的标记指出了以前的市场十字的位置。 Audio 1 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the significance of the mercat cross Audio 2 - Roger Mason on the life and death of Patrick Hamilton, Scotland's first martyr 音频 1 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述市场十字的意义 音频 2 - 罗杰·梅森讲述帕苏格兰的第一个烈士特里克·汉密尔顿的生平 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/662/MercatPort1.JPG ef3ed7516c89e73abbe189443f8f905a https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/662/MercatPort2.JPG 6432c6024bd2d3339842173620229d74 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/662/mercatPortGeddy.PNG 7dfe3bdbd34b0777cf966c246ffa5990 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mercat Port 市场门 Description An account of the resource The medieval city of St Andrews was much smaller than the modern settlement. In the late Middle Ages Market Street had housing only as far west as the current road junction with Greyfriars Gardens. An inlaid slab in the pavement nearby marks the site of the old Mercat Port - one of a number of gateways denoting the boundary between the city of St Andrews and the surrounding countryside. We are not sure when the Mercat Port was built. However, it was a well-established landmark by 1515 (when it was referred to in a property transaction). Early drawings of the Mercat Port show a plain stone archway, and it is probable that this gateway was a simpler structure than the surviving West Port on South Street. The Mercat Port was still standing in 1735, but it was demolished shortly afterwards. 中世纪的圣安德鲁斯比现在的小得多。在中世纪晚期，市场街在最西边的住房是现在交叉路口的方济会花园。附近的人行道上的镶嵌板标志着老的市场的门 —— 这个门是圣安德鲁斯和周围的乡村的界限之一。我们不确定市场的门是什么时候建成的。然而, 在1515年，市场门已经是一个地标性建筑了(在一份产权交易中被提到)。早期的绘画显示市场门是一个普通石头拱门,这个门可能是一个比幸存的南街的西门更简单的建筑。市场门在1735年仍然存在, 但之后不久它就被拆毁了。 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/663/NarrowMercatGait1.JPG 81310f7b8dff61d18078133a85f52fad https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/663/narrowMercatGaitGeddy.PNG edcd4a7657d450c42fcb8ae950112fbd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Narrow Mercat Gait 窄市场街 Description An account of the resource The eastern end of Market Street is much narrower than the rest of the street. During the late Middle Ages this area was called the Narrow Mercat Gait. It is thought that the Narrow Mercat Gait was originally an alleyway running between the properties on North Street and South Street (hence its restricted width). By the late fifteenth century the Narrow Mercat Gait had become a street in its own right, and there were houses facing on to the former alleyway. However, these homes seem to have been less grand than those on North and South Street. Even today the buildings on the Narrow Mercat Gait are relatively modest. 市场街的东端比较窄。在中世纪后期该地区被称为窄市场街。人们认为窄市场街最初是南大街和北大街之间的小巷 (因此比较窄)。到十五世纪晚期， 窄市场街本身成为街道, 还有房子面对着之前的小巷。然而,这些房屋似乎比南北大街上的房子小。即使在今天，窄市场街的房子也是是相对较小的。 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/670/Down.jpg e6cd43f0cc6dea30f42339b91d0eada1 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/670/North.jpg 0b5ffb4359034ac585509e49772b5d35 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/670/South.jpg a53086b461b8c394a32767723f8126b3 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/670/Up.jpg 08b5e884c0e6f4ddd950efd66f48490b https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/670/West.1.jpg dc43854485fbb7005515e719ae63d7f0 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/670/East.1.jpg 398694a64a85c849a3f2956bf3624366 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Panorama Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Panorama of Cathedral Choir https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/750/Down.jpg c4341d98f1ad38860135545ccf0a1499 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/750/North.jpg 320f56df06a25613a4f4fb08a86859f5 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/750/South.jpg bbfcbe246ea5f5cfde608f33907302a8 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/750/Up.jpg c99eb6f067c5f641d9ed2af7b507bac1 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/750/East.jpg 256b3b54ab2624b1e5e04d984d36ae66 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/750/West.jpg f11fc789772f0e0fcab2c76fb5befafc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Panorama Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Panorama of Cathedral Church Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/19 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/751/Down.jpg da9a1183aea227dbb525b141bc4166da https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/751/North.jpg 47e8f031aa75d72f918670f55af7e259 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/751/South.jpg cb3a805fa48678c0aca47107ac25d03a https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/751/Up.jpg 538034ecac221ea51f136e9713203cda https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/751/East.jpg 3d77ea0b88c4a837a222b05b138fc6ab https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/751/West.1.jpg 0055c18b71537a1ab16d32f6b2dd5f03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Panorama Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Panorama of Cathedral Cloister Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/19 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/752/Down.1.jpg 2cdae0546b80d5b4b8fe876952e79e4b https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/752/East.1.jpg 2d178f3a3376134ede48577de1d9d0ba https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/752/North.1.jpg 67b8aa33cd2fd6821b51bfb62c83e949 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/752/South.1.jpg 9357927cbc646be0f44ecd6f4a6abbf9 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/752/Up.1.jpg 2bfb82c6d0a4d6dae3ba2f2ddc1cc534 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/752/West.1.jpg dfc24a473d69c047b356c1f5950e402c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Panorama Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Panorama of Cathedral Pends Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/19 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/753/Down.jpg d747351caaf31b3c950ff8dc544dcd17 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/753/East.jpg 1de49b871992da9bca12402ddcaf5b3e https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/753/North.jpg 3482660dabd419a495476ea299b6b963 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/753/South.jpg a54c634235002a09afcdcbed63f3ec46 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/753/Up.jpg d97a50de0bb73d95273c160f7d01435c https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/753/West.jpg 83b1e6fa696e79952dfcba425299ba8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Panorama Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Panorama of St Salvators Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/19 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/668/SouthCourt.mp3 0f93fab69e860799e33e781971b31e84 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/668/southCourt2.JPG 278aea809c1db9a20258b7bd0df93637 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/668/southCourt.JPG d7036d673e3f131c02c81041f5cc762a https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/668/southCourtGeddy.PNG 5af03a6413f1c6d5ecd1c499790d612c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource South Court 南区 Description An account of the resource South Court is on the site of some of the oldest dwellings in St Andrews. The burgh of St Andrews was formally founded in the middle of the twelfth century when the local bishop invited settlers from England and continental Europe to establish a new town. The first provost of St Andrews (the Scottish equivalent of a mayor) was a man called Mainard who seems to have come from Flanders. Mainard was granted three "tofts" (or homesteads) on the south side of the road now known as South Street. These properties formed the nucleus of the medieval city of St Andrews. The current buildings at South Court are thought to date from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 南区拥有一些圣安德鲁斯最古老的民居。圣安德鲁斯镇成立于大约十二世纪中叶。圣安德鲁斯主教邀请从英国和欧洲大陆来的移民者在这建立新的城镇。圣安德鲁斯镇的第一个镇长是一位可能来自佛兰德斯名叫梅娜德的人。梅娜德被授予南街的三个宅地。这些宅地形成了中世纪圣安德鲁斯的核心。现在南区的建筑被认为可以追溯到16和17世纪。 Audio - Elizabeth Rhodes on the significance of South Court 音频 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述南区的意义 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/Castle.mp3 d1a67c99fd6497b492fc950de235d6cd https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/Castle2.mp3 2a22ffb6e61220bba056eb7d7ef389be https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/CastleJohnKnoxAccountOfWhatHappened.mp3 17785b6d056f6dc4ab3325c8ebee9740 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/Castle.1.mp4 3a4b0f6c53984a318e89f2131429791d https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/castle5.JPG eacd0ce49a90e9afbd3a77cee9c0bcc8 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/castle6.JPG 743c95652631862feb688f3a86c5c918 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/stAndrewsCastleMine.jpg b6d28ca5599103066ed5d9c17a389f00 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/Castle_1.JPG b8fa39c35d0673dd6a602bfed09ac023 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/Castle_2.JPG ed17246f433421d0cf1d55aa0a9b9bb1 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/Castle_3.JPG 5a70dc32073c5bf21fe4ea8f29f93a5a https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/drawingOfCastle.jpg dee9576b6bc959705b9c7a20d33db457 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/Castle_4.jpg 1ad66ad20fd7b3e30c0d2ab54e174004 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/musaBlackObject.jpg ecd16d9890c7d0c723d069fccfaaa666 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/castlereconstruction1.jpg c15eeb1bcba4c9e41554620006d004ec https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/castlereconstruction2.jpg 739bc94c234de916a279ceca4f2006a0 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/658/castlereconstruction3.jpg aa65d942d2a766d1223b0518927fba44 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St Andrews Castle 圣安德鲁斯城堡 Description An account of the resource St Andrews Castle was the home of the bishops of St Andrews. The site has been fortified since at least the 1190s. However, most of what we see today was built between 1380 and 1560. St Andrews Castle was the scene of major events in Scottish history. In 1452 the future King James III was born here. Nearly a century later, in 1546, one of the most powerful men in Scotland, Cardinal David Beaton, was murdered in the Castle by a group of Protestant noblemen. The Cardinal's assassins then occupied St Andrews Castle for over a year. They eventually surrendered when bombarded by ships sent from France. During the 1546-47 siege, attacking forces tried to capture the Castle by mining under the walls. The resulting mine still survives, and is the best preserved sixteenth-century siege mine in Europe. 圣安德鲁斯城堡是圣安德鲁斯的主教们的住宅。圣安德鲁斯城堡至少早在1190年已经存在了。然而,我们今天所看到的城堡的大部分是在1380年和1560年之间建造的。圣安德鲁斯城堡见证了苏格兰历史上的重大事件。1452年, 国王詹姆斯三世出生在这里。在大约一个世纪后的1546年, 苏格兰最有权势的人之一,红衣主教大卫•比顿在城堡被一群新教贵族谋杀。随后刺客们占据城堡圣安德鲁斯城堡长达一年。最终，在受到法国军舰的炮击后，他们投降了。在1546年到1547年之间, 攻击城堡的部队试图通过在墙下挖洞来攻占城堡。当时所挖的洞至今依然存在并且是欧洲保存最好的16世纪攻城地道。 Audio 1 - Richard Fawcett on the significance of the St Andrews Castle Audio 2 - Katie Stevenson on Walter Bower's account of medieval activities in the St Andrews Castle Audio 3 - Michael Brown on John Knox's account of the bombardment of the St Andrews Castle in 1547 音频 1 - 理查德·福塞特讲述圣安德鲁斯城堡的意义 音频 2 - 凯蒂·史蒂文森讲述沃尔特·鲍尔描述中世纪发生在圣安德鲁斯城堡在的活动 音频 3 - 迈克尔·布朗讲述约翰诺克斯描述圣安德鲁斯城堡于1547年遭受的炮击 Video - Interior and exterior of St Andrews Castle reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group (Narration by Katie Stevenson) 视频 - 圣安德鲁斯城堡内部与外部的虚拟重建 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作（凯蒂·史蒂文森叙述) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/Cathedral.mp3 7e0bac40458223c5af75225226b8bf46 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/CathedralAndReformation.mp3 a7e929d31815fe06521cb84542073e4e https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/CathedralChurch.mp3 b24822847e47352d343845b8d372f08d https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedralreconstruction.mp4 a431e5a84814db6d7498d6331bf4e507 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedral16.JPG cb2487e344d49bd6c387ac021376000e https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedral19.JPG ddef0c4faa10c7b8bc7d27b85f791e18 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedral4.JPG 656e9a3dac8251e27f7535a2c1922499 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedral5.JPG 86e305567a4cfa3fc9db514f3fbc477c https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedral3.jpg 531180154f2d14b254be728bcb0ffdcc https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedral10.JPG e6724b303bd4b059d8a4f5380c5d3337 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedral12.JPG b405bab47852c68f928971144ae1cf29 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/drawingOfCathedral.jpg 87feb456540cde608c79b0428f7155d3 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/imageOfCathedral.jpg 8a39baf49ad1e8d55adfdbdf3298dcba https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/paintingOfCathedral.jpg 75f6bb3e0b9c8ae149d812aa5377604c https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/musaCarvings.jpg 70fd08a081786385c11cadfed69a5d55 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedralExteriorReconstruction.jpg 8d07db9ca7caaa5b23a5570edfa65517 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedralExteriorReconstruction3.jpg 4f6b50c8ca73bab1965b9193448c3276 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/ReconstructionofStAndrewsCathedral.jpg 73188a0f40eb9087059f2097c8d4808a https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedralreconstruction10.jpg e1d461fba3c058647e0defa43bfc4d5f https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedralreconstruction1.jpg 8ce00f2bc9db899ed85cec9992a1af14 https://openvirtualworlds.org/omeka/files/original/11/650/cathedralWestDoor.jpg 7baef5da72af3a9bababc3528927a557 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St Andrews Cathedral 圣安德鲁斯大教堂 Description An account of the resource St Andrews Cathedral was once the most important church in Scotland. It was the base for the country's senior bishopric and housed the relics of St Andrew (the nation's patron saint). For many centuries St Andrews Cathedral was the largest building in Scotland (it was only surpassed in the nineteenth century when Edinburgh's Waverley Station was built). During its long history the Cathedral suffered a number of disasters. In 1304 King Edward I of England stripped the lead from the roof to provide materials for his siege of Stirling Castle. Seventy years later, in 1378, a great fire damaged large portions of the Cathedral. Major restoration work was undertaken, and by the early fifteenth-century the church had been returned to its former glory. However, in 1559 the Scottish Reformation ended the Cathedral's religious function. The vast church rapidly became ruined and by 1690 it looked much as it does today. 圣安德鲁斯大教堂曾经是苏格兰最重要的教会，是苏格兰高级主教工作，生活的地点并且收藏了圣安德鲁的遗骸(苏格兰的守护神)。在过去的许多个世纪里，圣安德鲁斯大教堂是苏格兰最大的建筑(直到19世纪爱丁堡的威弗利火车站建成)。在漫长的历史中，大教堂屡次遭受灾祸。1304年，英格兰国王爱德华一世从教堂的屋顶剥下铅作为包围斯特灵城堡的材料。七十年后的1378年,一场大火摧毁了大教堂的大部分。随着主体修复工作的进行,十五世纪早期大教堂已经恢复了往日的荣耀。然而,在1559年，苏格兰的宗教改革结束了大教堂的宗教信仰功能。巨大的教堂被迅速毁坏, 到了1690年，大教堂的样子看起来就像如同今天所见。 Audio 1 - Richard Fawcett on St Andrews Cathedral Audio 2 - Roger Mason on the significance of the St Andrews Cathedral and the reformation Audio 3 - Katie Stevenson on the gale force wind at the St Andrews Cathedral in 1410 音频 1 - 理查德·福塞特对于圣安德鲁斯大教堂的描述 音频 2 - 罗杰·梅森讲述圣安德鲁斯大教堂和宗教改革的意义 音频 3 - 凯蒂·史蒂文森讲述1410年大风暴对于圣安德鲁斯大教堂的影响 Video 1 - Virtual world reconstruction of the cathedral (By the department of Computer Science, University of St Andrews) 视频 - 圣安德鲁斯大教堂的虚拟重建 - 由圣安德鲁斯计算机系制作 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/2 Language A language of the resource English/中文