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                <text>Anderson, M. O., &amp;lsquo;The Celtic Church in Kinrimund&amp;rsquo;, in D. McRoberts (ed.), The medieval Church of St Andrews (Glasgow 1976), 1-10 (reprinted from Innes Review 25, 67-76). Ash, M., and D. Broun, &amp;lsquo;The Adoption of St Andrew as patron Saint of Scotland&amp;rsquo;, in J. Higgitt (ed.), Medieval Art and Architecture in the Diocese of St Andrews (London 1986), 16-24. Ash, Marinell, &amp;lsquo;David Bernham, Bishop of St. Andrews, 1239-53&amp;rsquo;, Innes Review, 25 (1974), 3-14. Ash, Marinell, &amp;lsquo;The Administration of the Diocese of St Andrews, 1202-1328&amp;rsquo;, Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1972) [Available on EThOS] Ash, Marinell, &amp;lsquo;The diocese of St. Andrews under its 'Norman' bishops&amp;rsquo;, Scottish Historical Review, 55 (1976), 105-26. Ash, Marinell, &amp;lsquo;William Lamberton, bishop of St. Andrews, 1297-1328&amp;rsquo; in G.W.S. Barrow, The Scottish tradition (Edinburgh, 1974), 44-55. Barrel, A., Medieval Scotland, (Cambridge, 2000), especially chapter 3. Barrow, G. W. S., The Kingdom of the Scots (Edinburgh 1973 2nd edn. 2003), especially Chapter 8 on the Clergy at St Andrews. Barrow, G.W.S., &amp;lsquo;The Cathedral Chapter of St. Andrews and the Culdees in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries&amp;rsquo;, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 3 (1952), 23-39. Barrow, G.W.S., &amp;lsquo;The Medieval Diocese of St Andrews&amp;rsquo;, in Higgitt, J., (ed.), Medieval art and architecture in the diocese of St Andrews (London, 1994), 1-6. Blick, Sarah and Rita Tekippe (eds), Art and Architecutre of Late Medieval Pilgrimage in Northern Europe and the British Isles (Leiden, 2004). 2 vols. Boardman, S. and Eila Williamson (eds), The Cult of Saints and the Virgin Mary in Medieval Scotland (Woodbridge, 2010) Bonner, E., &amp;lsquo;The recovery of St Andrews castle in 1547: French Naval Policy and Diplomacy in the British Isles&amp;rsquo;, English Historical Review, 111 (1996), 578-98. Broun, D., &amp;lsquo;The Church and the beginning of Scottish Independence&amp;rsquo;, chapter 4 of Scottish Independence and the idea of Britain: from the Picts to Alexander III (Edinburgh, 2007), 101-123. Broun, D., &amp;lsquo;The Church and the origins of Scottish Independence&amp;rsquo;, Records of the Scottish Church History Society 31 (2002), 1-36. Broun, D., &amp;lsquo;The church of St Andrews and its foundation legend in the early twelfth century: recovering the full text of version A of the foundation legend&amp;rsquo;, in S. Taylor (ed.), King&amp;rsquo;s Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland, 500-1297 (Dublin 2000), 108-114. Cambridge, E., &amp;lsquo;The early building history of St Andrews Cathedral, Fife, and its context in northern transitional architecture&amp;rsquo;, The Antiquaries Journal 57 (1977) 277-88. Cambridge, Eric, &amp;lsquo;The early Building-History of St Andrews Cathedral, Fife, and its context in Northern Transitional Architecture&amp;rsquo;, Antiquaries Journal, 57 (1978), 277-88. Cameron, N., &amp;lsquo;St Rule&amp;rsquo;s Church, St Andrews, and early stone built churches in Scotland&amp;rsquo; in Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 124 (1994), 367-78. Available online: &lt;a href="http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/psas/volumes.cfm" target="_blank"&gt;http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/psas/volumes.cfm&lt;/a&gt; Cameron, Neil, &amp;lsquo;St Rule&amp;rsquo;s Church, St Andrews, and early stone-built churches in Scotland&amp;rsquo;, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 124 (1994), pp. 367-378. Campbell, I. 'Planning for Pilgrims: St Andrews as the Second Rome', Innes Review, vol. 64 (May, 2013), pp. 1-22. Campbell, I., 'Planning for Pilgrims: St Andrews as the Second Rome', Innes Review, vol. 64 (May, 2013), pp. 1-22. Cant, R., &amp;lsquo;The building of St Andrews Cathedral&amp;rsquo; in D. McRoberts (ed.), The Medieval Church of St Andrews, (Glasgow, 1976) 11-32. Cant, Ronald Gordon, &amp;lsquo;The building of St. Andrews cathedral&amp;rsquo;, Innes Review, 25 (1974), 77-94. Clancy, T. O., &amp;lsquo;Scotland, the &amp;lsquo;Nennian&amp;rsquo; recension of the Historia Brittonum, and the Lebor Bretnach&amp;rsquo;, in S. Taylor (ed.), Kings Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500-1297 (Dublin, 2000), 87-107. Cowan, &amp;lsquo;The development of the parochial system in Medieval Scotland&amp;rsquo;, Scottish Historical Review 40 (1961), 43-55. Cowan, I. B. The Parishes of Medieval Scotland (Edinburgh, 1967). Cowan, I. B., &amp;lsquo;Church and Society&amp;rsquo;, in J. Brown ed., Scottish Society in the Fifteenth Century (London, 1977), pp. 112-135. Cowan, I. B., &amp;lsquo;Patronage, Provision and Reservation, Pre-Reformation Appointments to Scottish Benefices&amp;rsquo;, in I. B. Cowan and D. Shaw edd., The Renaissance and Reformation in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1983), pp. 75-92. Cowan, I., &amp;lsquo;The Monastic History of the Diocese of St Andrews&amp;rsquo;, in Higgitt, J., (ed.), Medieval art and architecture in the diocese of St Andrews (London, 1994), 7-15. Cowan, Ian, and Easson, David (eds.), Medieval Religious Houses: Scotland (2nd edn. London, 1976). 224 Cowan, Mairi, Death, Life, and Religious Change in Scottish Towns, c. 1350-1560 (Manchester, 2012). Dilworth, M., &amp;lsquo;Archbishop James Beaton II: A Career in Scotland and France&amp;rsquo;, SCHS, xxiii (Glasgow, 1987-1989), pp. 301-1316. Dilworth, Mark, &amp;lsquo;Dependent Priories of St Andrews&amp;rsquo; Innes Review, 26 (1975), 56-64. Dilworth, Mark, &amp;lsquo;The Augustinian chapter of St. Andrews&amp;rsquo; Innes Review, 25 (1974), 15-30. Dilworth, Mark, Scottish Monasteries in the Late Middle Ages (Edinburgh, 1995). Ditchburn, D., &amp;lsquo; &amp;ldquo;Saints at the door don&amp;rsquo;t make miracless&amp;rdquo;? The Contrasting Fortunes of Scottish Pilgrimage, c.1450-1550&amp;rsquo;, in J. Goodare and A.A. Macdonald, eds, Sixteenth-century Scotland: Religion, politics and society. Essays in honour of Michael Lynch (Leiden: Brill, 2008), pp. 69-98. Ditchburn, D., &amp;lsquo;The &amp;lsquo;McRoberts thesis&amp;rsquo; and patterns of sanctity in late medieval Scotland&amp;rsquo;, in S. Boardman and E. Williamson, eds, The Cult of Saints and the Virgin Mary in Medieval Scotland (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2010), pp. 177-94. Donaldson, G., &amp;lsquo;The rights of the Scottish crown in episcopal vacancies&amp;rsquo;, SHR, xlv (Edinburgh, 1966), pp. 27-35. Dowden, J., The Medieval Church in Scotland (Glasgow, 1910). Dowden, John, The Medieval Church in Scotland: Its Constitution, Organisation and Law (Glasgow, 1910). Dunbar, Linda, Reforming the Scottish Church, John Winram (c.1492-1582) and the example of Fife (Aldershot, 2002). Duncan, A.A.M., Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom (Edinburgh, 1975). Duncan, A.A.M., 'The Foundation of St Andrews Cathedral Priory', Scottish Historical Review (April 2005), vol. 84, no. 217, pp. 1-37. Dunlop, A. I., &amp;lsquo;Remission and Indulgences in Fifteenth Century Scotland&amp;rsquo;, RSCHS, xv (Glasgow, 1966), pp. 153-167. Dunlop, A. I., The Life and Times of James Kennedy, Bishop of St. Andrews (St. Andrews Univ. Pubns., 46), (1950). Easson, D.E., Medieval Religious Houses: Scotland (London, 1957). Eeles, F.C., &amp;lsquo;The Altar of St Fergus in Holy Trinity, St Andrews: A Sixteenth Century MS. Rental and Inventory&amp;rsquo;, Scottish Historical Review, vol. 2, 7 (1905), pp. 260-267. Fawcett, R., Scottish Cathedrals (London, 1997). Fawcett, R., St Andrews Castle (Edinburgh, 1992). Fawcett, R., St Andrews Cathedral (Edinburgh, 2003). Fawcett, R., The Architectural History of Scotland: Scottish Architecture from the Accession of the Stewarts to the Reformation 1371-1560 (Edinburgh, 1994). Fernie, E., &amp;lsquo;Early Church architecture in Scotland&amp;rsquo;, in Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 116 (1986), 393-411. Available online: &lt;a href="http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/psas/volumes.cfm" target="_blank"&gt;http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/psas/volumes.cfm&lt;/a&gt; Foggie, Janet, Renaissance Religion in Urban Scotland: The Dominican Order, 1450-1560 (Leiden, 2003). Foster, S. (ed.), The St Andrews Sarcophagus (Dublin, 1998). Fraser, J. E., 'Rochester, Hexham and Cennrigmonaid: the movements of St Andrew in Britain, 604-747' in Saints' Cults in the Celtic World, ed. S. Boardman, (Boydell and Brewer, 2009) 1-17. Fraser, James E., &amp;lsquo;Rochester, Hexham and Cennr&amp;iacute;gmonaid: the Movements of St Andrew in Britain, 604-747&amp;rsquo;, in S. Boardman, J.R. Davies and E. Williamson (eds), Saints Cults in the Celtic World (Woodbridge, 2009), pp. 1-17. Gifford, J., The Buildings of Scotland: Fife (London, 1988), 357-403. Hannay, R. K., &amp;lsquo;James I, Bishop Cameron, and the Papacy&amp;rsquo;, SHR, xv (Edinburgh, Apr. 1918), pp. 185-200. Hannay, R. K., The Scottish Crown and the Papacy in the Fifteenth Century (Historical Association of Scotland pamphlet, no. vi, London, 1936). Hannay, Robert Kerr, &amp;lsquo;A chapter election at St. Andrews in 1417&amp;rsquo;, Scottish Historical Review, 13 (1916), 321-7. Hay Fleming, D., &amp;lsquo;Some recent discoveries in St Andrews&amp;rsquo;, P.S.A.S., 49 (1914-5), 223-8. Hay Fleming, David, St Andrews Cathedral Museum (Edinburgh, 1931). Herkless, J. and Hannay, R. K., Archbishops of St Andrews, 5 vols. (Edinburgh, 1907-1915). Higgitt, J. (ed.), Medieval Art and Architecture in the Diocese of St Andrews (1994). J. Bannerman, &amp;lsquo;Papal Provisions in Scotland in the Fourteenth and Early Fifteenth Centuries&amp;rsquo;, in B. Crawford, ed., Church, Chronicle and Learning in Medieval and Early Renaissance Scotland (Edinburgh, 1999), pp. 215-226. Kenworthy, J., &amp;lsquo;A further fragment of early Christian sculpture from St Mary&amp;rsquo;s on the Rock, St Andrews, Fife&amp;rsquo;, in Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 110 (1979-80), 356-63. Available online: &lt;a href="http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/psas/volumes.cfm" target="_blank"&gt;http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/psas/volumes.cfm&lt;/a&gt; Lawrence, C.H., Medieval Monasticism (London, 1984), chapters 7, 8, 12. MacDougall, Norman, &amp;lsquo;Bishop Kennedy of St. Andrews : a reassessment of his political career&amp;rsquo;, in Norman MacDougall (ed.), Church, Politics and Society : Scotland 1408-1929 (Edinburgh, 1983), 1-22. Macfarlane, L., &amp;lsquo;The Primacy of the Scottish Church, 1472-1521&amp;rsquo;, IR, xx (Glasgow, 1969), pp., 111-129. MacFarlane, L.J., William Elphinstone and the Kingdom of Scotland, 1431-1517 (Aberdeen, 1985). McRoberts, D., &amp;lsquo;A St Andrews Pilgrimage Certificate of 1333 at Saint-Omer&amp;rsquo;, in McRoberts (ed), The Medieval Church of St Andrews (1976). McRoberts, D., ed., Essays on the Scottish Reformation 1513-1625 (Glasgow, 1962). McRoberts, David (ed.), The Medieval Church of St Andrews (Glasgow, 1976). McRoberts, David, '"The glorious house of St. Andrew"', Innes Review, 25 (1974), 95-158. Morris, C., The Papal Monarchy: The Western Church from 1050 to 1250 (Oxford, 1991 /2003), chapters 9, 21. Murray, P. J., &amp;lsquo;Lay Administrators of Church Lands in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries&amp;rsquo;, SHR, lxxiv, 1 (Edinburgh,1995), pp. 26-44. Ollivant, Simon, The Court of the Official in Pre-Reformation Scotland (Edinburgh, 1982). Oram, R., &amp;lsquo;Prelatical Builders: A Preliminary Study&amp;rsquo; in R. Oram and G. Stell (eds) Lordship and Architecture in Medieval and Renaissance Scotland (Edinburgh, 2005), 1-25 Oram, R., Domination and Lordship, Scotland 1070-1230 (Edinburgh, 2011), especially Chapter 10. Peltzer, J., Canon Law, Careers and Conquest: Episcopal Elections in Normandy and Greater Anjou c. 1140-1230 (Cambridge, 2008). Rankin, W.E.K., The Parish Church of the Holy Trinity, St. Andrews, Pre-Reformation (Edinburgh, 1955). Rhodes, E., &amp;lsquo;The Estates of St Andrews Cathedral Priory, 1400-1450&amp;rsquo; (University of St Andrews, M.Litt dissertation, 2009). Rhodes, Elizabeth, &amp;lsquo;The Reformation in the Burgh of St Andrews: Property, Piety and Power&amp;rsquo; (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013). Robertson, W.N., &amp;lsquo;Fragments of sculptured stonework from the tomb of Henry Wardlaw bishop of St Andrews&amp;rsquo;, P.S.A.S., 101 (1968-9), 146-9 Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historic Monuments of Scotland: Fife, Kinross and Clackmannan (London, 1933), nos 455 (Cathedral), 460 (Abbey Precinct Wall), 465 (Castle) Sanderson, M. H. B., '"Kin, freindis and servandis" : the men who worked with Archbishop David Beaton', Innes Review, 25 (1974), 31-48. Sanderson, M. H. B., Cardinal of Scotland: David Beaton c.1494-1546 (Edinburgh, 1986) Taylor, S. with G. Mark&amp;uacute;s, The Place-Names of Fife: volume 3 St Andrews and the East Neuk (Stamford, 2009), especially 600-615. Taylor, S., &amp;lsquo;The coming of the Augustinians to St Andrews and version B of the St Andrews foundation legend&amp;rsquo;, in idem (ed.) Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500-1297, (Dublin, 2000), 115-123. Thurlby, M., &amp;lsquo;St Andrews Cathedral-Priory and the beginnings of Gothic Architecture in Northern Britain&amp;rsquo;, in Higgitt, J., (ed.), Medieval art and architecture in the diocese of St Andrews (London, 1994), 47-60 Turpie, T. &amp;lsquo;Scottish saints cults and pilgrimage from the Black Death to the Reformation, c.1349-1560 &amp;lsquo; (PhD, University of Edinburgh, 2011) Read at: &lt;a href="https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/5983/2/Turpie2011.pdf%20" target="_blank"&gt;https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/1842/5983/2/Turpie2011.pdf &lt;/a&gt;Veitch, K., &amp;lsquo;Replanting Paradise: Alexander I and the Reform of the Church in Scotland&amp;rsquo;, Innes Review 52 (2001), 136-166. Vysny, P., &amp;lsquo;A Hussite in Scotland: The Mission of Pavel Kravař to St Andrews in 1433&amp;rsquo;, SHR, lxxxii, 1 (Edinburgh, April 2003), pp. 1-19. Watt, D.E.R., &amp;lsquo;The Scottish Church and the Papacy in the Fifteenth Century&amp;rsquo;, in B. Dobson (ed.), The Church, Politics and Patronage in the Fifteenth Century (Gloucester, 1994). Watt, D.E.R., A Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Graduates to A.D. 1410 (Oxford, 1977). Watt, D.E.R., Medieval Church Councils in Scotland (Edinburgh, 2000). Williamson, E., &amp;lsquo;Scottish Benefices and Clergy during the Pontificate of Sixtus IV (1471-84): the evidence in the Registra Supplicationum&amp;rsquo;, 2 vols. Wormald, J., Court, Kirk and Community: Scotland, 1470-1625 (Edinburgh, 1981). Worth Frank, R. &amp;lsquo;Shrine Rivalry in the North Sea World&amp;rsquo;, in Thomas R. Liszka and E. M. Walker (eds), The North Sea World in the Middle Ages (Dublin, 2001), pp. 230-42. Yeoman, P., Pilgrimage in Medieval Scotland (London, 1999).</text>
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                <text>Anderson, M. O., &amp;lsquo;St Andrews before Alexander I&amp;rsquo;, in G. W. S. Barrow (ed.), The Scottish Tradition (Edinburgh 1974), 1-13. &lt;br /&gt;Bonner, E., &amp;lsquo;The recovery of St Andrews castle in 1547: French Naval Policy and Diplomacy in the British Isles&amp;rsquo;, English Historical Review, 111 (1996), 578-98. &lt;br /&gt;Brookes, N. P. and G. Whittington, &amp;lsquo;Planning and Growth in the Medieval Scottish Burgh: the example of St Andrews&amp;rsquo;, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 2 (1977), 278-95. &lt;br /&gt;Brooks N. P, and G, Whittington, &amp;lsquo;Planning and Growth in the Medieval Scottish burgh&amp;rsquo;, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers new series vol 2 (1977), 278-295. Available via J-Stor. &lt;br /&gt;Cambridge, Eric, &amp;lsquo;The early Building-History of St Andrews Cathedral, Fife, and its context in Northern Transitional Architecture&amp;rsquo;, Antiquaries Journal, 57 (1978), 277-88. &lt;br /&gt;Campbell, I., 'Planning for Pilgrims: St Andrews as the Second Rome', Innes Review, vol. 64 (May, 2013), pp. 1-22.&lt;br /&gt; Cant, R.G., St Andrews: The Preservation Trust Guide and Handbook (St Andrews, 1982). &lt;br /&gt;Cant, Ronald Gordon, &amp;lsquo;The building of St. Andrews cathedral&amp;rsquo;, Innes Review, 25 (1974), 77-94. &lt;br /&gt;Cant, Ronald, &amp;lsquo;Burgh planning and early domestic architecture : the example of St Andrews (c.1130-1730)&amp;rsquo;, in Deborah Mays (ed.), The architecture of Scottish cities : essays in honour of David Walker (East Linton, 1997), 1-12. &lt;br /&gt;Cant, Ronald, The Parish Church of the Holy Trinity, St. Andrews : a short account of its history and architecture (St Andrews, 1992) &lt;br /&gt;Carstairs, A.M., &amp;lsquo;The Convener&amp;rsquo;s Court Book of the Seven Incorporated Trades in St. Andrews&amp;rsquo;, The Scottish Historical Review (April 1955). &lt;br /&gt;Coleman, R.J., &amp;lsquo;Burgage Plots of Medieval Perth: the evidence from excavations at Canal Street&amp;rsquo;, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 126 (1996), 689-732 &lt;br /&gt;Cox, Adrian, &amp;lsquo;Backland activities in medieval Perth: the evidence from excavations at Meal Vennel and Scott Street&amp;rsquo;, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 126 (1996), 733-822 &lt;br /&gt;Dennison, &amp;lsquo;Burghs and burgesses, a time of consolidation&amp;rsquo;, in R. Oram (ed.) Alexander II (Leiden, 2005), 253-283. &lt;br /&gt;Ewan, E., Townlife in Fourteenth-Century Scotland (Edinburgh, 1990) &lt;br /&gt;Fawcett, R., Scottish Cathedrals (London, 1997). Fawcett, R., St Andrews Castle (Edinburgh, 1992). &lt;br /&gt;Fawcett, R., St Andrews Cathedral (Edinburgh, 2003). &lt;br /&gt;Fawcett, R., The Architectural History of Scotland: Scottish Architecture from the Accession of the Stewarts to the Reformation 1371-1560 (Edinburgh, 1994). &lt;br /&gt;Gifford, J., The Buildings of Scotland: Fife (London, 1988), 357-403. &lt;br /&gt;Grant, I.F., Social and Economic Development of Scotland before 1603 (1930) Hall, D., Burgess, Merchant and Priest, Burgh Life in the Scottish Medieval Town (2002) &lt;br /&gt;Hall, D.W. and Rains, M.J., Excavations in St Andrews 1980-89 : A Decade of Archaeology in a Historic Scottish Burgh (Glenrothes, 1997). &lt;br /&gt;Hall, Derek, &amp;lsquo;Pre-Burghal St Andrews&amp;rsquo;, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal, no. 1 (1995); pp. 23-27. &lt;br /&gt;Hamilton, Jamie and Ronan Toolis, &amp;lsquo;Further excavations at the site of a medieval leper hospital at St Nicholas Farm, St Andrews&amp;rsquo;, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal, 5 (1999). &lt;br /&gt;Hay Fleming, D., &amp;lsquo;Some recent discoveries in St Andrews&amp;rsquo;, P.S.A.S., 49 (1914-5), 223-8. &lt;br /&gt;Ian Campbell, 'Planning for Pilgrims: St Andrews as the Second Rome', Innes Review, vol. 64 (May, 2013), pp. 1-22.&lt;br /&gt; Innes, C. (ed.), Ancient Laws and Customs of the Burghs of Scotland v.1 (Edinburgh, 1868). &lt;br /&gt;Innes, C., Ancient Laws and Customs of the Burghs of Scotland (volume 1) (Edinburgh 1868, reprinted.). &lt;br /&gt;Lewis, J.H., &amp;lsquo;Excavations at St Andrews, Castlecliffe, 1988-90&amp;rsquo;, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 126 (1996), 605-88 &lt;br /&gt;Lynch, M., Stell, G. and Spearman, R.M. (eds), The Medieval Scottish Town (Edinburgh, 1988) &lt;br /&gt;Lyon, C.J., History of St Andrews (Edinburgh, 1843). McRoberts, David, '"The glorious house of St. Andrew"', Innes Review, 25 (1974), 95-158. &lt;br /&gt;Moloney, Colm and Louise Baker, 'Evidence for the form and nature of a medieval burgage plot in St Andrews : An archaeological excavation on the site of the Byre Theatre, Abbey Street, St Andrews&amp;rsquo;, Tayside and Fife Archaeological Journal, 7 (2001), 49-86. &lt;br /&gt;Oram, R., &amp;lsquo;Prelatical Builders: A Preliminary Study&amp;rsquo; in R. Oram and G. Stell (eds) Lordship and Architecture in Medieval and Renaissance Scotland (Edinburgh, 2005), 1-25 &lt;br /&gt;Oram, R., Domination and Lordship, Scotland 1070-1230 (Edinburgh, 2011), especially chapter 8. &lt;br /&gt;Proudfoot, E., &amp;lsquo;Excavations of a long cist cemetery on Hallow Hill, St Andrews, fife, 1975-77&amp;rsquo;, in Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 126 (1996), 387-454. Available online: &lt;a href="http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/psas/volumes.cfm" target="_blank"&gt;http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archives/view/psas/volumes.cfm&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Pryde, G. S. The Burghs of Scotland (Oxford, 1965). &lt;br /&gt;Pryde, G., &amp;lsquo;The Scottish Burgh&amp;rsquo;, S.H.R., 38 (1959) &lt;br /&gt;Rains, M.J. and Hall, D., Excavations in St Andrews 1980-89 (Fife and Tayside Archaeological Committee, 1997) &lt;br /&gt;Rhodes, Elizabeth, &amp;lsquo;The Reformation in the Burgh of St Andrews: Property, Piety and Power&amp;rsquo; (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013). &lt;br /&gt;Robertson, Eric, Old St Andrews (London, 1923). &lt;br /&gt;Robertson, W.N., &amp;lsquo;Fragments of sculptured stonework from the tomb of Henry Wardlaw bishop of St Andrews&amp;rsquo;, P.S.A.S., 101 (1968-9), 146-9 &lt;br /&gt;Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historic Monuments of Scotland: Fife, Kinross and Clackmannan (London, 1933), nos 455 (Cathedral), 460 (Abbey Precinct Wall), 465. &lt;br /&gt;Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historic Monuments of Scotland: Fife, Kinross and Clackmannan (London, 1933), nos 452 (Holy Trinity), 464 (Blackfriars), 466-8. &lt;br /&gt;Simpson, Anne Turner and Stevenson, Sylvia, Historic St Andrews: The Archaeological Implications of Development (Glasgow, 1981). &lt;br /&gt;Smart, R., &amp;lsquo;The Sixteenth Century Bird&amp;rsquo;s Eye View Plan of St Andrews&amp;rsquo;, The St Andrews Preservation Trust Annual Report, 38 (1975), pp. 8-12. &lt;br /&gt;Smart, R., and K., Fraser, St Andrews Street Names (St Andrews, 1995) Taylor, S. with G. Mark&amp;uacute;s, The Place-Names of Fife: volume 3 St Andrews and the East Neuk (Stamford, 2009), especially 564-599. &lt;br /&gt;Thurlby, M., &amp;lsquo;St Andrews Cathedral-Priory and the beginnings of Gothic Architecture in Northern Britain&amp;rsquo;, in Higgitt, J., (ed.), Medieval art and architecture in the diocese of St Andrews (London, 1994), 47-60 &lt;br /&gt;Yeoman, P., Medieval Scotland (London, 1995).</text>
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                <text>Anderson, J. M. 'James I of Scotland and the University of St. Andrews', Scottish Historical Review, 3 (1906), 301-15. Anderson, J. M., &amp;lsquo;The Beginnings of St Andrews University, 1410-1418&amp;rsquo;, SHR, viii (Edinburgh, 1911), pp. 225-248. Blair, J. S. G., History of medicine in the University of St Andrews (Edinburgh, 1987). Cameron, A. I., &amp;lsquo;Scottish Students at Paris University 1466-1492&amp;rsquo;, JR, xlviii (London, 1936), pp. 228-255. Cameron, J. K., &amp;lsquo;A trilingual college for Scotland. The founding of St Mary's College in the University of St Andrews'. St Mary's College Bulletin [University of St Andrews], 31 (1988), 9-19. Cant, R. G., The University of St. Andrews. A short history, (3rd edn, 1992), part I. Cant, R. G., The College of St Salvator (Edinburgh, 1950). Cant, R. G., The University of St Andrews, a short history (St Andrews, 2002). De Ridder-Symoens, H. (ed.), A History of the University in Europe: Volume I Universities in the Middle Ages (1992) Doughty, D. W. &amp;lsquo;Renaissance books, bindings and owners in St Andrews and elsewhere : the humanists&amp;rsquo; The Bibliotheck, 7 (1975), 117-33. Dunlop, A. I., &amp;lsquo;Scottish Students at Paris University, 1466-1492&amp;rsquo;, JR, xlviii (London, 1936), pp. 228-255. Dunlop, A. I., Acta facultatis artium Universitatis Sanctiandree, 1413-1588 (St. Andrews University Pubns., 56), (Edinburgh and London, 1964). Dunlop, A. I., The Life and Times of James Kennedy, Bishop of St Andrews (Edinburgh, 1950). Durkan, J. &amp;lsquo;St. Andrews University Medieval Theological Statutes : Revised Dating Suggested', Innes Review, 13 (1962), 104-8. Durkan, J. and R.V. Pringle, &amp;lsquo;St Andrews' additions to Durkan &amp;amp; Ross : some unrecorded Scottish pre-reformation ownership inscriptions in St Andrews University Library&amp;rsquo;, The Bibliotheck, 9 (1978-79), 13-20. Durkan, J., &amp;lsquo;Education in the century of the Reformation&amp;rsquo;, in D. M. McRoberts ed., Essays on the Scottish Reformation 1513-1625 (Glasgow, 1962), pp. 145-168. Durkan, J., &amp;lsquo;The Scottish Universities in the Middle Ages 1413-1560&amp;rsquo; (unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1959) Gabriel, A. L., &amp;lsquo;The English-German Nation at the University of Paris from 1425-1494&amp;rsquo;, in A. L. Gabriel, ed., Garlandia: studies in the history of the medieval university, (Frankfurt am Main, 1969), pp. 167-200 Hannay, R. K., &amp;lsquo;Early university institutions at St. Andrews and Glasgow : a comparative study&amp;rsquo;, Scottish Historical Review, 11 (1914), 266-83. Herkless, J. and Robert Kerr Hannay (ed.). The College of St. Leonard (St. Andrews); being documents with translations, notes, and historical introduction (Edinburgh, 1905). Higgitt, J. (ed.), Medieval art and architecture in the diocese of St Andrews (London, 1994). Hoare, P. 'The libraries of the ancient universities to the 1960s', in Alistair Black and Peter Hoare (eds), The Cambridge history of libraries in Britain and Ireland : vol. 3 : 1850-2000 (Cambridge, 2006), 321-44. Lyall, R. J., &amp;lsquo; Scottish Students and Masters at the Universities of Cologne and Louvain in the Fifteenth Century&amp;rsquo;, Innes Review, 36 (1985), pp. 55-73. Macdougall, N., &amp;lsquo;Bishop James Kennedy of St Andrews: a reassessment of his political career&amp;rsquo;, in N. Macdougall ed., Church, Politics and Society: Scotland 1408-1929 (Edinburgh, 1983), pp. 1-22. McRoberts, D., &amp;lsquo;Archbishop Beaton and the Scots College in Paris&amp;rsquo;, from &amp;lsquo;The Scottish Catholic Archives, 1560-1978&amp;rsquo;, IR, xxviii (Glasgow, 1977), pp. 61-68. Moonan, L., &amp;lsquo;The scientific writings of Laurence of Lindores (d.1437)&amp;rsquo;, part ii, Classica et Mediaevalia, xxxix (Copenhagen, 1988-1989), pp. 273-317. Moonan. L, &amp;lsquo;Lawrence of Lindores (d. 1437) on &amp;ldquo;Life in the living being&amp;rdquo;&amp;rsquo; (unpublished PhD thesis, Universtiy of Louvainm 1966) Nicholson, R., Scotland in the Later Middle Ages (Edinburgh, 1978). Reid, N. et. al., Treasures of St Andrews University Library (London, 2010). Robb, R. &amp;lsquo;Student life in St. Andrews before 1450 A.D.&amp;rsquo; Scottish Historical Review, 9 (1912), 347-60. Swanson, R. N. &amp;lsquo;The University of St Andrews and the Great Schism, 1410-1419&amp;rsquo; Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 26 (1975), pp. 223-46. Vy&amp;scaron;n&amp;yacute;, Paul, &amp;lsquo;A Hussite in Scotland : the mission of Pavel Kravar to St Andrews in 1433&amp;rsquo; Scottish Historical Review, 82:1 (2003), 1-19. Watt, D. E. R. &amp;lsquo;University Graduates in Scottish Benefices&amp;rsquo;, RSCHS, xv (Glasgow, 1966), 77-88. Woodman, I. &amp;lsquo;Education and Episcopacy: The Universities of Scotland in the Fifteenth Century&amp;rsquo; (St Andrews Ph.D. thesis, 2011). (online access: at &lt;a href="http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/1882)" target="_blank"&gt;http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/1882)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>born in Scrabster in the far north of Scotland, was an art teacher who almost single-handedly revived interest in Celtic and Insular art.</text>
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                <text>His book Celtic Art: The Methods of Construction was published in 1951. It had little impact at the time, but on its re-issue in 1971 it introduced a generation to Celtic knotwork, the Pictish stones, the Book of Kells and the Book of Durrow. As well as describing and illustrating over 200 historical examples, his book was notable for giving detailed instructions on creating similar interlace, spiral, and trumpet designs, and encouraging their use in craftwork.&#13;
&#13;
Bain's monograph inspired the design for the cover of King Crimson's Discipline album; in later releases, it was replaced by a knotwork designed by Steve Ball, which has also been used the logo of Discipline Global Mobile and Guitar Craft, a music company and a musicians' association each founded by King Crimson's Robert Fripp. A Bain design was also used to illustrate a rug manufactured by Quayle and Tranter, a former manufacturer of carpets based in Kidderminster, England.&#13;
&#13;
His son Iain, an engineer, later also wrote two books - "Celtic Knotwork" and "Celtic Key Patterns".&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>'In this place of her choice and her happy childhood, the ashes of Jessie Mackintosh were scattered by her husband George Bain, who hopes to join her here'.&#13;
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                <text>'The sudden death of his (George Bain's) wife in 1957 was a tremendous grief to him.  In her memory he designed a bronze plaque which marks the resting place of her scattered ashes in the Highlands'.&#13;
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'George Bain died in Codsall, Staffordshire on 25 March 1968.  His ashes were scattered, as he wishes, in the same place as those of his wife, Jessie, beside their joint memorial'.&#13;
&#13;
                - George Bain, Master of Celtic Art&#13;
                                - Susan E Seright</text>
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                <text>This Drawing shows the detail of the spiral arangment from the centre of the celtic cross of the front of the Aberlemno Cross.&#13;
&#13;
The well preserved Pictish Cross-Slab in Aberlemno Kirkyard is sculpted with a Celtic Cross in relief and a background of intertwined beasts.&#13;
&#13;
The reverse of the Cross-Slab has a panel showing a battle scene with long-haired Pictish warriors fighting Northumbrians wearing helmets with nose guards. There are warriors and horsemen bearing spears, swords and shields, and a dying Northumbrian being pecked by a raven. This is thought to portray the Battle of Dunnichen which took place only 10 km from Aberlemno. </text>
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                <text>George Bain.</text>
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        <name>George Bain</name>
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                <text>George Bain Drawing  - Book of Kells.  Opening Words of St Johns Gospel.</text>
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                <text>This is probably the work of a great master-scribe, Who obeyed the Ancient law "Thou shalt not make unto thee any Graven Image or any Likeness" Etc, EXODUS Chap 20, Verse 4.&#13;
Plant forms are rare in The Book of Kells and always potted.&#13;
The scribes work is probably the Final Application of the Three-Dimensional skill of Jewellers, Enamelers and Sculptors.&#13;
The only thing unconnected with the man, beast or bird is the WHITE CIRCLE in the middle of the TRIANGLE made by the two forearms of the man and the top-knot of the BEAST.&#13;
&#13;
C1 Page of Opening Words of St John's Gospel.&#13;
Sir Edward Sullivan writes in the STUDIO Publication "Book of Kells" :  " It is possible that the combination of the C and 1 is intended to suggest A HARPER PLAYING A HARP.  Perhaps the fingers of the player.  Which seems to suggest the harp strings may have suggested the idea".&#13;
&#13;
The contents are A MAN with head, forelock, badlock, beard, two arms, two fingers, two legs, two feet.  A BEAST with topknot, neck, foreleg and foot, two toes, hindleg, foot with two toes.  A BIRD with topknot, neck, body, wing, leg, four toes, three tail feathers.  REPTILE with head, snout, two top knots, body.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>George Bain.</text>
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