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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St Andrews Castle 圣安德鲁斯城堡 Description An account of the resource St Andrews Castle was the home of the bishops of St Andrews. The site has been fortified since at least the 1190s. However, most of what we see today was built between 1380 and 1560. St Andrews Castle was the scene of major events in Scottish history. In 1452 the future King James III was born here. Nearly a century later, in 1546, one of the most powerful men in Scotland, Cardinal David Beaton, was murdered in the Castle by a group of Protestant noblemen. The Cardinal's assassins then occupied St Andrews Castle for over a year. They eventually surrendered when bombarded by ships sent from France. During the 1546-47 siege, attacking forces tried to capture the Castle by mining under the walls. The resulting mine still survives, and is the best preserved sixteenth-century siege mine in Europe. 圣安德鲁斯城堡是圣安德鲁斯的主教们的住宅。圣安德鲁斯城堡至少早在1190年已经存在了。然而,我们今天所看到的城堡的大部分是在1380年和1560年之间建造的。圣安德鲁斯城堡见证了苏格兰历史上的重大事件。1452年, 国王詹姆斯三世出生在这里。在大约一个世纪后的1546年, 苏格兰最有权势的人之一,红衣主教大卫•比顿在城堡被一群新教贵族谋杀。随后刺客们占据城堡圣安德鲁斯城堡长达一年。最终，在受到法国军舰的炮击后，他们投降了。在1546年到1547年之间, 攻击城堡的部队试图通过在墙下挖洞来攻占城堡。当时所挖的洞至今依然存在并且是欧洲保存最好的16世纪攻城地道。 Audio 1 - Richard Fawcett on the significance of the St Andrews Castle Audio 2 - Katie Stevenson on Walter Bower's account of medieval activities in the St Andrews Castle Audio 3 - Michael Brown on John Knox's account of the bombardment of the St Andrews Castle in 1547 音频 1 - 理查德·福塞特讲述圣安德鲁斯城堡的意义 音频 2 - 凯蒂·史蒂文森讲述沃尔特·鲍尔描述中世纪发生在圣安德鲁斯城堡在的活动 音频 3 - 迈克尔·布朗讲述约翰诺克斯描述圣安德鲁斯城堡于1547年遭受的炮击 Video - Interior and exterior of St Andrews Castle reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group (Narration by Katie Stevenson) 视频 - 圣安德鲁斯城堡内部与外部的虚拟重建 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作（凯蒂·史蒂文森叙述) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/GeorgeWishart.mp3 2c5e345b4f74ea7ad26ab42f654a8f7b https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/JohnKnox.mp3 d1842039d75482c499b0123dc36a31f9 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/CastleJohnKnoxAccountOfWhatHappened.mp3 17785b6d056f6dc4ab3325c8ebee9740 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/JohnKnox.1.mp3 d1842039d75482c499b0123dc36a31f9 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castlecliffe2.JPG 6b9a776982d607bd8c325651c6cdc1a1 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castle.JPG cad705e89af9be99ed3370e2199b3176 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castlecliffe3.JPG 7b74b280c7f344eae4db51727c0ce10a https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castlecliffeGeddy.PNG 56b06e589cb1977bdfafbb7af268175c https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castlecliffereconstruction1.jpg ca373292989f3ccb688f71649dad889c https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castlecliffereconstruction2.jpg 0f58e065f7705e1038e96c16b4568400 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Castlecliffe 城堡悬崖 Description An account of the resource The area now occupied by the visitor centre for St Andrews Castle has seen a lot of different uses. During the late 1980s archaeologists found evidence of a fourteenth-century tannery on this site. Tanners converted animal skins into leather by soaking them in a variety of liquids (often including urine). The process was notoriously foul smelling and as a result tanners' workplaces were usually located towards the edge of towns. The tannery by St Andrews Castle seems to have been demolished around 1400 and replaced with ordinary housing. These homes were then swept away in the early sixteenth century when the area to the west of the castle was cleared and converted into the Castle Yard. The function of the new yard is uncertain, but it may have held stables and other outbuildings for the Castle. 现在是圣安德鲁斯城堡游客中心的区域曾经有过许多不同用途。在1980年代末,考古学家发现这里曾经是个制革厂。制革厂商通过将兽皮浸在不同液体中的方式(通常包括尿液)把兽皮转化为皮革。转化过程会产生恶臭, 因此制革厂通常位于城镇的边缘。大约在1400年，圣安德鲁斯城堡的制革厂城堡被拆除,取而代之的是普通住房。在十六世纪早期，这些普通住房被拆除了。城堡西面的区域被清理成了城堡的庭院。新的城堡庭院的用处并不清楚, 或许是马厩和其他城堡的附属建筑。 Audio 1 - Roger Mason on the trial and execution of George Wishart at the St Andrews Castle Audio 2 - Roger Mason on the role of John Knox in the protestant movements Audio 3 - Michael Brown on John Knox's account of the bombardment of the St Andrews Castle in 1547 Audio 4 - Roger Mason on the role of John Knox in the protestant movements 音频 1 - 罗杰·梅森讲乔治述魏沙特在圣安德鲁斯城堡的审判和行刑 音频 2 -罗杰·梅森在约翰诺克斯在新教运动中的作用 音频 3 - 迈克尔·布朗讲述约翰诺克斯描述圣安德鲁斯城堡于1547年遭受的炮击 音频 4 - 罗杰·梅森在约翰诺克斯在新教运动中的作用 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctwall.mp3 f1f0659f6a941e0d0905b41cfc267c55 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/MaryofGuiseArrivalInStAndrews.mp3 db3fed63797802406356f73b13842b3c https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/CathedralAndReformation.mp3 a7e929d31815fe06521cb84542073e4e https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral2.JPG f4b0e7e1fd947258aedc1432327945d9 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral3.JPG 6dd2d25fa7033dff94902e13992c403f https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral4.JPG 76301ba849cc0f14d4880092bb336762 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral5.JPG 0c3f5fe70b0a6b7370616527b72f20b0 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral6.JPG 60b1154d00258db9b0a01b0b43bb53fd https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral.JPG 1b50257d064ae9b084942f8200deaab9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cathedral Precinct 大教堂区域 Description An account of the resource During the Middle Ages St Andrews Cathedral was surrounded by buildings. There was accommodation for the canons who served the cathedral, housing for pilgrims who visited St Andrew's shrine, barns for storing the food and produce given to the church, and a large watermill for grinding grain. Around the edge of this vast religious complex there ran a stone wall, much of which still survives. The original wall was probably built in the fourteenth century. In the early 1500s the cathedral's prior, John Hepburn, gave orders for the wall to be heightened. Building work continued under John's nephew, Prior Patrick Hepburn, who commissioned the construction of several new towers. The difference between the older stonework and the Hepburns' improvements is visible in a number of places on the wall. 在中世纪,圣安德鲁斯大教堂被许多建筑包围。有服务于大教堂的牧师的宿舍,有提供给来圣安德鲁斯朝圣的朝圣者的房子,有储存并且制作食物的谷仓，还有一个用来磨粒的大水磨。在这巨大的宗教场所边缘有一堵石墙, 石墙的大部分如今仍然存在。最早的墙可能是在14世纪建造的。在1500年代，大教堂长老, 约翰•赫本下令加高了围墙。建设工作在约翰的侄子, 长老帕特里克·赫本的命令下继续进行, 他还下令修建了几个新塔楼。老城墙和经赫本改进后的城墙的区别在许多段城墙上可以看到。 Audio 1 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the significance of the Cathedral Precinct Wall Audio 2 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the arrival of Mary of Guise in St Andrews Audio 3 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the arrival of Mary of Guise in St Andrews Audio 4 - Roger Mason on the significance of the St Andrews Cathedral and the reformation 音频 1 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述大教堂围墙的意义 音频 2 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述玛丽来到圣安德鲁斯 音频 3 - 罗杰·梅森讲述圣安德鲁斯大教堂和教会改革的意义 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/661/MerkatCross.mp3 4f7aa58cae1e96717beaff1796c2c201 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/661/PatrickHamilton.mp3 95784a1d15cf78fe7d4e2b086c2bdfd6 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/661/mercatCross.JPG b05f1857ef6104a817c6c8c6a3214638 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/661/mercatCrossGeddy.PNG 3929fb63ddb2bdf68d5e32a56a71c2a0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mercat Cross 麦卡特十字 Description An account of the resource Markets have been held in St Andrews since at least the late twelfth century. In the 1190s it was decided that St Andrews' market-place should be on "the land of Lambinus" - an open space roughly where the wide section of Market Street is today. As in other Scottish towns, the site of the market was denoted by a stone pillar known as the mercat (or market) cross. The mercat cross was an important meeting place for the residents of St Andrews and public announcements were often made there. On occasions, executions also took place here. The St Andrews mercat cross survived into the mid-seventeenth century, but seems to have been demolished at some stage before 1820. The location of the old mercat cross is indicated by an x-shape in the paving on the road. 最晚在十二世纪，市场开始在圣安德鲁斯出现。在1190年代，人们决定圣安德鲁斯的市场应该在“Lambinus之地” —— 即一个开放的空间，大概是如今市场街的位置。和其他苏格兰城镇一样, 市场的位置是用石柱表示的，并且被称为市场十字。市场十字是一个圣安德鲁斯居民见面的重要场所并且公告通常也是在这里宣布的。有时, 行刑也发生在这里。圣安德鲁斯市场十字幸存到十七世纪中叶, 但似乎在1820年之前在某个阶段被拆除了。如今，人们在路上用一个“x”形的标记指出了以前的市场十字的位置。 Audio 1 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the significance of the mercat cross Audio 2 - Roger Mason on the life and death of Patrick Hamilton, Scotland's first martyr 音频 1 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述市场十字的意义 音频 2 - 罗杰·梅森讲述帕苏格兰的第一个烈士特里克·汉密尔顿的生平 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/662/MercatPort1.JPG ef3ed7516c89e73abbe189443f8f905a https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/662/MercatPort2.JPG 6432c6024bd2d3339842173620229d74 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/662/mercatPortGeddy.PNG 7dfe3bdbd34b0777cf966c246ffa5990 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mercat Port 市场门 Description An account of the resource The medieval city of St Andrews was much smaller than the modern settlement. In the late Middle Ages Market Street had housing only as far west as the current road junction with Greyfriars Gardens. An inlaid slab in the pavement nearby marks the site of the old Mercat Port - one of a number of gateways denoting the boundary between the city of St Andrews and the surrounding countryside. We are not sure when the Mercat Port was built. However, it was a well-established landmark by 1515 (when it was referred to in a property transaction). Early drawings of the Mercat Port show a plain stone archway, and it is probable that this gateway was a simpler structure than the surviving West Port on South Street. The Mercat Port was still standing in 1735, but it was demolished shortly afterwards. 中世纪的圣安德鲁斯比现在的小得多。在中世纪晚期，市场街在最西边的住房是现在交叉路口的方济会花园。附近的人行道上的镶嵌板标志着老的市场的门 —— 这个门是圣安德鲁斯和周围的乡村的界限之一。我们不确定市场的门是什么时候建成的。然而, 在1515年，市场门已经是一个地标性建筑了(在一份产权交易中被提到)。早期的绘画显示市场门是一个普通石头拱门,这个门可能是一个比幸存的南街的西门更简单的建筑。市场门在1735年仍然存在, 但之后不久它就被拆毁了。 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/663/NarrowMercatGait1.JPG 81310f7b8dff61d18078133a85f52fad https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/663/narrowMercatGaitGeddy.PNG edcd4a7657d450c42fcb8ae950112fbd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Narrow Mercat Gait 窄市场街 Description An account of the resource The eastern end of Market Street is much narrower than the rest of the street. During the late Middle Ages this area was called the Narrow Mercat Gait. It is thought that the Narrow Mercat Gait was originally an alleyway running between the properties on North Street and South Street (hence its restricted width). By the late fifteenth century the Narrow Mercat Gait had become a street in its own right, and there were houses facing on to the former alleyway. However, these homes seem to have been less grand than those on North and South Street. Even today the buildings on the Narrow Mercat Gait are relatively modest. 市场街的东端比较窄。在中世纪后期该地区被称为窄市场街。人们认为窄市场街最初是南大街和北大街之间的小巷 (因此比较窄)。到十五世纪晚期， 窄市场街本身成为街道, 还有房子面对着之前的小巷。然而,这些房屋似乎比南北大街上的房子小。即使在今天，窄市场街的房子也是是相对较小的。 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurch.JPG 2310f3dc4402525ff1f9b0b233540a0a https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurch3.JPG 465684ba5308dda58c285984ad4e4e14 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/664/drawingOfHolyTrinityChurch.jpg 36da8ce4caa6f76ff0bcb6ace99d8ab8 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurchGeddy.PNG aee85c81bbe0f7dcb2644462962956be https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurchPlan.jpg 2444d7be34e97b5f53d7d7a8a7280fdd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Holy Trinity Church 圣三一教堂 Description An account of the resource Holy Trinity Church was for many years the main place of worship for St Andrews' ordinary residents. It was built in the early fifteenth century, near the residential and trading centre of St Andrews. During the late Middle Ages Holy Trinity was regarded as one of Scotland's leading parish churches, and was served by about thirty priests. The interior was richly decorated with stained glass, luxurious fabrics, and statues imported from Flanders. In 1547 Holy Trinity was the scene of the first public sermon of the famous Reformer, John Knox. In 1559 Knox again preached in Holy Trinity, commanding the people of St Andrews to purge the city of "monuments of idolatry". Inspired by Knox's words, the local population rejected Catholicism, tore down statues and altars, and sacked St Andrews Cathedral. At the start of the twentieth century Holy Trinity was extensively remodelled. Today only the tower and some pillars inside the church survive from the Middle Ages. 很多年以来，圣三一教堂是圣安德鲁斯的普通居民主要的礼拜场所。它建于十五世纪初, 位于圣安德鲁斯的中心位置。在中世纪晚期，圣三一教堂被认为是苏格兰主要的教区教堂之一, 有大约30个牧师。教堂内部装饰着富丽堂皇的彩色玻璃, 奢华的布料,以及从弗兰德斯进口的雕塑。1547年，著名的宗教改革家, 约翰诺克斯第一次在圣三一教堂公开布道。在1559年，诺克斯在圣三一教堂再次布道并且指挥圣安德鲁斯的居民清除城市内有关天主教的雕塑祭坛等等。在诺克斯的鼓舞下, 圣安德鲁斯居民反对天主教, 推到雕像和祭坛, 洗劫了圣安德鲁斯大教堂。二十世纪初，圣三一教堂大幅改建。如今只有塔楼和一些教堂内的柱子是中世纪遗留下来的。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/665/WestportFlythrough.mp4 b6b3695093b15d12a775b680a6f1d3f0 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/665/WestportModern.jpg 4007c6499ee3ae5bc813b434356b2d58 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/665/westport1.jpg 997306aed56422c59698776adf3d4c18 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/665/westport2.jpg 23bca36be7624e3bc2ea41d77d26267f https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/665/westportGate.jpg c85e2ad53c28d0c9b6b975d3a56f2bfd https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/665/Westportreconstruction3.jpg c563dc54de431673040dfa48c83ba467 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/665/Westportreconstruction4.jpg 54ac968bb1307977f7b21dd716d1cd31 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/665/Westportreconstruction1.jpg 10c306aa6708c5519c03b4c1bb3d97bb https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/665/Westportreconstruction2.jpg 0d445a89b3c33cb383dd172785b8b2a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource West Port 西门 Description An account of the resource During the late Middle Ages there were gateways across all the main roads into St Andrews. These marked the entries to the city and formed a public reminder of the transition from the countryside to the urban area of St Andrews (which, like other Scottish towns, had its own regulations and privileges). Apart from entries into the cathedral grounds, the West Port is the only one of the St Andrews gateways to survive. The current archway was built in 1589, replacing an earlier (and probably simpler) structure. It was modelled on the Nether Bow - one of the sixteenth-century gateways to Edinburgh. The redesigned West Port was built to a high standard with finely carved stonework. However, the project ran significantly over budget, and eventually cost almost twice as much as had originally been anticipated. 在中世纪晚期，所有进入圣安德鲁斯的主要通道都有门。这些门提醒人们从农村地区进入城市地区的圣安德鲁斯(跟其他苏格兰小镇一样, 圣安德鲁斯它自己的规则和特权)。除了大教堂的入口外, 西门是圣安德鲁斯仅存的门。当前的拱门建于1589年,取代了早前可能更为简单的拱门。是仿照16世纪爱丁堡的门（炼狱弓）建造的。重新设计的西门质量很高并且有精心雕刻的石雕。然而, 建造西门的花费大大超出预算,最终花费几乎是预算的两倍。 Video - Panoramic view of the west port, reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Groups 视频 - 西门的全景 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/666/Greyfriars7.JPG 80bc77161f9410222df47fda21588a01 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/666/greyfriarsSitePlan.jpg 96fbde4e347592b14facf14f712daac7 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/666/greyfriars.jpg da85e0255b8a7fec6d144b277b9cbcea https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/666/greyfriarsGeddy.PNG 3d528bc171ce869224164e80b47c80ab https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/666/greyfriars2.jpg b3787ef6fa007b38593f6e6d51a20582 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/666/greyfriars3.jpg 0b85bf8f31ccc34484a4be1aa016b988 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/666/Greyfriars8.JPG 1153ec98454c6015ebc5bfa58d6f2235 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Greyfriars 方济会 Description An account of the resource The properties on Greyfriars Gardens were built during the nineteenth century, as part of the Victorian expansion of St Andrews. However, the name "Greyfriars" reflects the earlier history of this site. In 1458 Bishop James Kennedy founded a Franciscan friary roughly where Greyfriars Gardens now runs. The Franciscans (or Grey Friars) are a Catholic religious order established by St Francis of Assisi in the early thirteenth century. They are particularly concerned about caring for the poor, and the order had a presence in many medieval towns. Following the Scottish Reformation the St Andrews' Grey Friars went into exile in the Netherlands. The friary buildings were demolished, and the area turned into crofts and gardens. Nowadays, the only part of the friary visible aboveground is the well, which is located in a private garden on the west side of the street. 方济会花园建于19世纪, 是圣安德鲁斯的维多利亚时代发展的一部分。然而,“方济会”这个名字反映了这个景点的早期历史。在1458年，大概在方济会花园现在所在的位置上， 主教詹姆斯·肯尼迪成立了一个方济会修道院。方济会修士(或灰衣修士)是一个天主教的宗教派别由圣方济在十三世纪初建立。他们特别关心和照顾穷人, 方济会这个派别在很多中世纪的城镇存在。苏格兰宗教改革后, 圣安德鲁斯的灰衣修士流亡到了荷兰。修道院建筑被拆除, 这片地区变成小农场和花园。现在, 唯一的在地面上可见的寺院遗址是街的西边私人花园里的一口井。 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/667/fishGait.JPG dcc2d6cc3539174096392edb7aae5f7a https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/667/fishgaitstreet1.jpg 0c182cd5874e01c1a232b9bec5f15295 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/667/fishgaitstreet2.jpg d085721536364cdf397675304dfcf3cd https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/667/fishgaitstreet3.jpg 279c56ef9d29886f96f65f094d3f92e5 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/667/fishGaitGeddy.PNG 9a3438686cda7c26ee63a200700bd86f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fish Gait 鱼街 Description An account of the resource The road leading from North Street to the Castle used to be called Fish Gait. The early history of the road is unclear. It has been suggested that Fish Gait is one of the oldest streets in St Andrews. However, archaeological excavations in the 1980s found that there was limited development in this area before the fourteenth century. By the early fifteenth century Fish Gait was a well-established street, and the land on each side had been divided into small plots. The name Fish Gait may indicate the line of work pursued by some of the street's residents. In the late Middle Ages St Andrews' fish market was located towards the east end of North Street, quite near to the junction with Fish Gait. 从北街到城堡的路过去被称为鱼街。这条街的早期历史并不清楚。有人认为鱼街是圣安德鲁斯最古老的街道之一。然而, 在1980年代的考古发掘发现这一区域在14世纪之前几乎没有被开发。在十五世纪早期，鱼街成为了固定的街道并且街两边的土地被分成小块。鱼街名字的由来可能是因为街附近的居民从事与鱼相关的工作。在中世纪晚期，圣安德鲁斯的鱼市场位于北街的东端，与北街和鱼街的交叉口很近。 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文