back.jpg

Rosemarkie Stone Centered

Further Reading on the University in Medieval St Andrews
subject: A select bibliography of the current research on the medieval University of St Andrews
description: This resource will be updated at regular intervals, and is available as a word document at the bottom of this page.
source: Anderson, J. M. 'James I of Scotland and the University of St. Andrews', Scottish Historical Review, 3 (1906), 301-15. Anderson, J. M., ‘The Beginnings of St Andrews University, 1410-1418’, SHR, viii (Edinburgh, 1911), pp. 225-248. Blair, J. S. G., History of medicine in the University of St Andrews (Edinburgh, 1987). Cameron, A. I., ‘Scottish Students at Paris University 1466-1492’, JR, xlviii (London, 1936), pp. 228-255. Cameron, J. K., ‘A trilingual college for Scotland. The founding of St Mary's College in the University of St Andrews'. St Mary's College Bulletin [University of St Andrews], 31 (1988), 9-19. Cant, R. G., The University of St. Andrews. A short history, (3rd edn, 1992), part I. Cant, R. G., The College of St Salvator (Edinburgh, 1950). Cant, R. G., The University of St Andrews, a short history (St Andrews, 2002). De Ridder-Symoens, H. (ed.), A History of the University in Europe: Volume I Universities in the Middle Ages (1992) Doughty, D. W. ‘Renaissance books, bindings and owners in St Andrews and elsewhere : the humanists’ The Bibliotheck, 7 (1975), 117-33. Dunlop, A. I., ‘Scottish Students at Paris University, 1466-1492’, JR, xlviii (London, 1936), pp. 228-255. Dunlop, A. I., Acta facultatis artium Universitatis Sanctiandree, 1413-1588 (St. Andrews University Pubns., 56), (Edinburgh and London, 1964). Dunlop, A. I., The Life and Times of James Kennedy, Bishop of St Andrews (Edinburgh, 1950). Durkan, J. ‘St. Andrews University Medieval Theological Statutes : Revised Dating Suggested', Innes Review, 13 (1962), 104-8. Durkan, J. and R.V. Pringle, ‘St Andrews' additions to Durkan & Ross : some unrecorded Scottish pre-reformation ownership inscriptions in St Andrews University Library’, The Bibliotheck, 9 (1978-79), 13-20. Durkan, J., ‘Education in the century of the Reformation’, in D. M. McRoberts ed., Essays on the Scottish Reformation 1513-1625 (Glasgow, 1962), pp. 145-168. Durkan, J., ‘The Scottish Universities in the Middle Ages 1413-1560’ (unp…

Statutes of the Scottish Church, 1225-1559
subject: Selected references within the statutes to the church in medieval St Andrews
description: The book is a translation of Concilia Scotiae: Ecclesiae Scoticanae Statutae tam Provincialia Quam Synodalia Quae Supersunt.
creator: Edited and Translated by David Patrick, LLD
source: [General or Provincial Statutes of the 13th Century] How the Conservator should be chosen And we ordain firstly that every year the duty of preaching be laid on one of the bishops one after the other, to be performed at the next council by himself or by another to be proposed by him, beginning with the bishop of St Andrews; and that by choice of the others one of the bishops be appointed conservator of the statutes of the council; who shall hold his office from council to council and shall punish open and notorious offenders against the council or the transgressors of any decree passed at it, and shall effectually compel them to make due satisfaction by ecclesiastical censure as law demands. [Constitutions of David, Bishop of St Andrews, 1242] To the office of pastor it pertains, as concerns the state of the churches entrusted to him and the instruction of those under his charge, to take vigilant care that when called to given an account of the flock committed to him he may be able to give the Lord interest on his talent. Therefore it is that of the rules that have been made by the ancient fathers we recall some to mind at present, adding other anew, lest (which God forbid!) we should appear to treat our office lightly. That churchyard be enclosed As to the state of the churches, we decree that in the first place it be seen to that churchyards be suitably enclosed all the way round, so that no access be open to brutish and unclean beasts; for sacred places should be kept clean, and such as have been duly consecrated to God by bishops. Of the enclosing of churchyards and the repairing and adorning of churches We decree further that round about, as far as the chancels extend, churchyards be enclosed by the rectors, the remaining portion by the parishioners, unless the custom prevails that the whole of the churchyard be enclosed by the parishioners. Item that the churches be roofed, that the walls be unbroken and not ruinous, the windows of glass and unbroken – those r…
publisher: Scottish History Society, (Edinburgh, 1907)

Walter Bower's Scotichronicon
subject: References to St Andrews within the Scotichronicon
description: The Scotichronicon is a chronicle written by Walter Bower, abbot of Inchcolm, in the 1440s. It traces the history of Scotland from its origins, and is a major source for the study of medieval Scotland. All sixteen books were edited from the surviving manuscripts and translated into English from Latin between 1989 and 1998. References to St Andrews have been extracted from these volumes.
creator: D.E.R. Watt (general editor) (Aberdeen, 1989-98). Further information can be gained from the entry in the St Andrews University library catalogue: http://library.st-andrews.ac.uk/search/Y?search=scotichronicon
source: Walter Bower’s Scotichronicon Volume 1, Book II Ch. 58, p. 311: The translation of the relics of St Andrew etc. About the same time [the year 360] the emperor Constantius the son of Constantine the Great in the twentieth year of his reign, motivated by enthusiasm for the Christian religion and inspired by a special devotion which he had conceived long before in his heart for the blessed apostle Andrew, longed to do something gas final proof of his devotion. He went to the city of Patras in the district of Achaia where the apostle was martyred and buried, and from there he stealthily removed by main force the saint’s relics, translated them to Constantinople on 9 May and amid great rejoicing and to the accompaniment of hymns and chants placed them in golden and silver reliquaries with great honour. Achaia is one of the seven provinces of Greece, and almost an island, for it is surrounded by sea on all sides except for the north side, where it adjoins Macedonia. Therefore when Christ had entrusted the world to his apostles and disciples to be steeped in the catholic faith by their preaching, he allotted to Andrew the area around the Caspian sea, Scythia, Macedonia and Achaia, and also, as some would have it, Scotland. Since, as was previously described, the Picts derived their origins from Scythia, Andrew wished even after his death to convert those whom he was not able to convert while he was alive. This Andrew was the apostle of the Lord, the brother of Simon Peter, older than Peter by birth and first to be called, but second in rank or at least third, Galilean by nationality, born in the city of Bethsaida, gentlest of all the disciples. He excelled almost everyone in justice, piety and sanctity. He was dark-complexioned, handsome of appearance, of medium height, with a luxuriant beard. The translation of certain of his bones from Patras to Scotland was as follows. It happened that by divine will on the third night before the emperor entered the city, the angel of t…
publisher: Aberdeen University Press

Food and Crops
description: Archaeological excavations have shown that Pictish settlements contained sheep, cattle and pigs. They also grew crops such as barley and oats. Depictions in the stone carvings show scenes of hunting wild animals and fishing.

St Mary On The Rocks
source: Historic Scotland

Pictish Settlement reconstruction Drawing

Work
description: The Picts would have travelled by land and sea. As well as being skilled stone masons the Pictish people would have had to work together building housing, growing crops, tending livestock, hunting, weaving, making tools and clothing, carving boats and canoes.

Cross on the front of Rosemarkie Cross Slab
description: If you look closely at the cross on the front of the Rosemarkie Cross Slab, you can see within the recessed areas, key pattern design and four spirals.