2 10 27 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurch.JPG 2310f3dc4402525ff1f9b0b233540a0a https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurch3.JPG 465684ba5308dda58c285984ad4e4e14 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/664/drawingOfHolyTrinityChurch.jpg 36da8ce4caa6f76ff0bcb6ace99d8ab8 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurchGeddy.PNG aee85c81bbe0f7dcb2644462962956be https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/664/holyTrinityChurchPlan.jpg 2444d7be34e97b5f53d7d7a8a7280fdd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Holy Trinity Church 圣三一教堂 Description An account of the resource Holy Trinity Church was for many years the main place of worship for St Andrews' ordinary residents. It was built in the early fifteenth century, near the residential and trading centre of St Andrews. During the late Middle Ages Holy Trinity was regarded as one of Scotland's leading parish churches, and was served by about thirty priests. The interior was richly decorated with stained glass, luxurious fabrics, and statues imported from Flanders. In 1547 Holy Trinity was the scene of the first public sermon of the famous Reformer, John Knox. In 1559 Knox again preached in Holy Trinity, commanding the people of St Andrews to purge the city of "monuments of idolatry". Inspired by Knox's words, the local population rejected Catholicism, tore down statues and altars, and sacked St Andrews Cathedral. At the start of the twentieth century Holy Trinity was extensively remodelled. Today only the tower and some pillars inside the church survive from the Middle Ages. 很多年以来，圣三一教堂是圣安德鲁斯的普通居民主要的礼拜场所。它建于十五世纪初, 位于圣安德鲁斯的中心位置。在中世纪晚期，圣三一教堂被认为是苏格兰主要的教区教堂之一, 有大约30个牧师。教堂内部装饰着富丽堂皇的彩色玻璃, 奢华的布料,以及从弗兰德斯进口的雕塑。1547年，著名的宗教改革家, 约翰诺克斯第一次在圣三一教堂公开布道。在1559年，诺克斯在圣三一教堂再次布道并且指挥圣安德鲁斯的居民清除城市内有关天主教的雕塑祭坛等等。在诺克斯的鼓舞下, 圣安德鲁斯居民反对天主教, 推到雕像和祭坛, 洗劫了圣安德鲁斯大教堂。二十世纪初，圣三一教堂大幅改建。如今只有塔楼和一些教堂内的柱子是中世纪遗留下来的。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/663/NarrowMercatGait1.JPG 81310f7b8dff61d18078133a85f52fad https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/663/narrowMercatGaitGeddy.PNG edcd4a7657d450c42fcb8ae950112fbd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Narrow Mercat Gait 窄市场街 Description An account of the resource The eastern end of Market Street is much narrower than the rest of the street. During the late Middle Ages this area was called the Narrow Mercat Gait. It is thought that the Narrow Mercat Gait was originally an alleyway running between the properties on North Street and South Street (hence its restricted width). By the late fifteenth century the Narrow Mercat Gait had become a street in its own right, and there were houses facing on to the former alleyway. However, these homes seem to have been less grand than those on North and South Street. Even today the buildings on the Narrow Mercat Gait are relatively modest. 市场街的东端比较窄。在中世纪后期该地区被称为窄市场街。人们认为窄市场街最初是南大街和北大街之间的小巷 (因此比较窄)。到十五世纪晚期， 窄市场街本身成为街道, 还有房子面对着之前的小巷。然而,这些房屋似乎比南北大街上的房子小。即使在今天，窄市场街的房子也是是相对较小的。 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/662/MercatPort1.JPG ef3ed7516c89e73abbe189443f8f905a https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/662/MercatPort2.JPG 6432c6024bd2d3339842173620229d74 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/662/mercatPortGeddy.PNG 7dfe3bdbd34b0777cf966c246ffa5990 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mercat Port 市场门 Description An account of the resource The medieval city of St Andrews was much smaller than the modern settlement. In the late Middle Ages Market Street had housing only as far west as the current road junction with Greyfriars Gardens. An inlaid slab in the pavement nearby marks the site of the old Mercat Port - one of a number of gateways denoting the boundary between the city of St Andrews and the surrounding countryside. We are not sure when the Mercat Port was built. However, it was a well-established landmark by 1515 (when it was referred to in a property transaction). Early drawings of the Mercat Port show a plain stone archway, and it is probable that this gateway was a simpler structure than the surviving West Port on South Street. The Mercat Port was still standing in 1735, but it was demolished shortly afterwards. 中世纪的圣安德鲁斯比现在的小得多。在中世纪晚期，市场街在最西边的住房是现在交叉路口的方济会花园。附近的人行道上的镶嵌板标志着老的市场的门 —— 这个门是圣安德鲁斯和周围的乡村的界限之一。我们不确定市场的门是什么时候建成的。然而, 在1515年，市场门已经是一个地标性建筑了(在一份产权交易中被提到)。早期的绘画显示市场门是一个普通石头拱门,这个门可能是一个比幸存的南街的西门更简单的建筑。市场门在1735年仍然存在, 但之后不久它就被拆毁了。 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/661/MerkatCross.mp3 4f7aa58cae1e96717beaff1796c2c201 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/661/PatrickHamilton.mp3 95784a1d15cf78fe7d4e2b086c2bdfd6 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/661/mercatCross.JPG b05f1857ef6104a817c6c8c6a3214638 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/661/mercatCrossGeddy.PNG 3929fb63ddb2bdf68d5e32a56a71c2a0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mercat Cross 麦卡特十字 Description An account of the resource Markets have been held in St Andrews since at least the late twelfth century. In the 1190s it was decided that St Andrews' market-place should be on "the land of Lambinus" - an open space roughly where the wide section of Market Street is today. As in other Scottish towns, the site of the market was denoted by a stone pillar known as the mercat (or market) cross. The mercat cross was an important meeting place for the residents of St Andrews and public announcements were often made there. On occasions, executions also took place here. The St Andrews mercat cross survived into the mid-seventeenth century, but seems to have been demolished at some stage before 1820. The location of the old mercat cross is indicated by an x-shape in the paving on the road. 最晚在十二世纪，市场开始在圣安德鲁斯出现。在1190年代，人们决定圣安德鲁斯的市场应该在“Lambinus之地” —— 即一个开放的空间，大概是如今市场街的位置。和其他苏格兰城镇一样, 市场的位置是用石柱表示的，并且被称为市场十字。市场十字是一个圣安德鲁斯居民见面的重要场所并且公告通常也是在这里宣布的。有时, 行刑也发生在这里。圣安德鲁斯市场十字幸存到十七世纪中叶, 但似乎在1820年之前在某个阶段被拆除了。如今，人们在路上用一个“x”形的标记指出了以前的市场十字的位置。 Audio 1 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the significance of the mercat cross Audio 2 - Roger Mason on the life and death of Patrick Hamilton, Scotland's first martyr 音频 1 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述市场十字的意义 音频 2 - 罗杰·梅森讲述帕苏格兰的第一个烈士特里克·汉密尔顿的生平 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctwall.mp3 f1f0659f6a941e0d0905b41cfc267c55 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/MaryofGuiseArrivalInStAndrews.mp3 db3fed63797802406356f73b13842b3c https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/CathedralAndReformation.mp3 a7e929d31815fe06521cb84542073e4e https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral2.JPG f4b0e7e1fd947258aedc1432327945d9 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral3.JPG 6dd2d25fa7033dff94902e13992c403f https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral4.JPG 76301ba849cc0f14d4880092bb336762 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral5.JPG 0c3f5fe70b0a6b7370616527b72f20b0 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral6.JPG 60b1154d00258db9b0a01b0b43bb53fd https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/660/precinctWallCathedral.JPG 1b50257d064ae9b084942f8200deaab9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cathedral Precinct 大教堂区域 Description An account of the resource During the Middle Ages St Andrews Cathedral was surrounded by buildings. There was accommodation for the canons who served the cathedral, housing for pilgrims who visited St Andrew's shrine, barns for storing the food and produce given to the church, and a large watermill for grinding grain. Around the edge of this vast religious complex there ran a stone wall, much of which still survives. The original wall was probably built in the fourteenth century. In the early 1500s the cathedral's prior, John Hepburn, gave orders for the wall to be heightened. Building work continued under John's nephew, Prior Patrick Hepburn, who commissioned the construction of several new towers. The difference between the older stonework and the Hepburns' improvements is visible in a number of places on the wall. 在中世纪,圣安德鲁斯大教堂被许多建筑包围。有服务于大教堂的牧师的宿舍,有提供给来圣安德鲁斯朝圣的朝圣者的房子,有储存并且制作食物的谷仓，还有一个用来磨粒的大水磨。在这巨大的宗教场所边缘有一堵石墙, 石墙的大部分如今仍然存在。最早的墙可能是在14世纪建造的。在1500年代，大教堂长老, 约翰•赫本下令加高了围墙。建设工作在约翰的侄子, 长老帕特里克·赫本的命令下继续进行, 他还下令修建了几个新塔楼。老城墙和经赫本改进后的城墙的区别在许多段城墙上可以看到。 Audio 1 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the significance of the Cathedral Precinct Wall Audio 2 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the arrival of Mary of Guise in St Andrews Audio 3 - Elizabeth Rhodes on the arrival of Mary of Guise in St Andrews Audio 4 - Roger Mason on the significance of the St Andrews Cathedral and the reformation 音频 1 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述大教堂围墙的意义 音频 2 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述玛丽来到圣安德鲁斯 音频 3 - 罗杰·梅森讲述圣安德鲁斯大教堂和教会改革的意义 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/GeorgeWishart.mp3 2c5e345b4f74ea7ad26ab42f654a8f7b https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/JohnKnox.mp3 d1842039d75482c499b0123dc36a31f9 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/CastleJohnKnoxAccountOfWhatHappened.mp3 17785b6d056f6dc4ab3325c8ebee9740 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/JohnKnox.1.mp3 d1842039d75482c499b0123dc36a31f9 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castlecliffe2.JPG 6b9a776982d607bd8c325651c6cdc1a1 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castle.JPG cad705e89af9be99ed3370e2199b3176 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castlecliffe3.JPG 7b74b280c7f344eae4db51727c0ce10a https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castlecliffeGeddy.PNG 56b06e589cb1977bdfafbb7af268175c https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castlecliffereconstruction1.jpg ca373292989f3ccb688f71649dad889c https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/659/castlecliffereconstruction2.jpg 0f58e065f7705e1038e96c16b4568400 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Castlecliffe 城堡悬崖 Description An account of the resource The area now occupied by the visitor centre for St Andrews Castle has seen a lot of different uses. During the late 1980s archaeologists found evidence of a fourteenth-century tannery on this site. Tanners converted animal skins into leather by soaking them in a variety of liquids (often including urine). The process was notoriously foul smelling and as a result tanners' workplaces were usually located towards the edge of towns. The tannery by St Andrews Castle seems to have been demolished around 1400 and replaced with ordinary housing. These homes were then swept away in the early sixteenth century when the area to the west of the castle was cleared and converted into the Castle Yard. The function of the new yard is uncertain, but it may have held stables and other outbuildings for the Castle. 现在是圣安德鲁斯城堡游客中心的区域曾经有过许多不同用途。在1980年代末,考古学家发现这里曾经是个制革厂。制革厂商通过将兽皮浸在不同液体中的方式(通常包括尿液)把兽皮转化为皮革。转化过程会产生恶臭, 因此制革厂通常位于城镇的边缘。大约在1400年，圣安德鲁斯城堡的制革厂城堡被拆除,取而代之的是普通住房。在十六世纪早期，这些普通住房被拆除了。城堡西面的区域被清理成了城堡的庭院。新的城堡庭院的用处并不清楚, 或许是马厩和其他城堡的附属建筑。 Audio 1 - Roger Mason on the trial and execution of George Wishart at the St Andrews Castle Audio 2 - Roger Mason on the role of John Knox in the protestant movements Audio 3 - Michael Brown on John Knox's account of the bombardment of the St Andrews Castle in 1547 Audio 4 - Roger Mason on the role of John Knox in the protestant movements 音频 1 - 罗杰·梅森讲乔治述魏沙特在圣安德鲁斯城堡的审判和行刑 音频 2 -罗杰·梅森在约翰诺克斯在新教运动中的作用 音频 3 - 迈克尔·布朗讲述约翰诺克斯描述圣安德鲁斯城堡于1547年遭受的炮击 音频 4 - 罗杰·梅森在约翰诺克斯在新教运动中的作用 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/Castle.mp3 d1a67c99fd6497b492fc950de235d6cd https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/Castle2.mp3 2a22ffb6e61220bba056eb7d7ef389be https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/CastleJohnKnoxAccountOfWhatHappened.mp3 17785b6d056f6dc4ab3325c8ebee9740 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/Castle.1.mp4 3a4b0f6c53984a318e89f2131429791d https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/castle5.JPG eacd0ce49a90e9afbd3a77cee9c0bcc8 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/castle6.JPG 743c95652631862feb688f3a86c5c918 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/stAndrewsCastleMine.jpg b6d28ca5599103066ed5d9c17a389f00 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/Castle_1.JPG b8fa39c35d0673dd6a602bfed09ac023 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/Castle_2.JPG ed17246f433421d0cf1d55aa0a9b9bb1 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/Castle_3.JPG 5a70dc32073c5bf21fe4ea8f29f93a5a https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/drawingOfCastle.jpg dee9576b6bc959705b9c7a20d33db457 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/Castle_4.jpg 1ad66ad20fd7b3e30c0d2ab54e174004 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/musaBlackObject.jpg ecd16d9890c7d0c723d069fccfaaa666 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/castlereconstruction1.jpg c15eeb1bcba4c9e41554620006d004ec https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/castlereconstruction2.jpg 739bc94c234de916a279ceca4f2006a0 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/658/castlereconstruction3.jpg aa65d942d2a766d1223b0518927fba44 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St Andrews Castle 圣安德鲁斯城堡 Description An account of the resource St Andrews Castle was the home of the bishops of St Andrews. The site has been fortified since at least the 1190s. However, most of what we see today was built between 1380 and 1560. St Andrews Castle was the scene of major events in Scottish history. In 1452 the future King James III was born here. Nearly a century later, in 1546, one of the most powerful men in Scotland, Cardinal David Beaton, was murdered in the Castle by a group of Protestant noblemen. The Cardinal's assassins then occupied St Andrews Castle for over a year. They eventually surrendered when bombarded by ships sent from France. During the 1546-47 siege, attacking forces tried to capture the Castle by mining under the walls. The resulting mine still survives, and is the best preserved sixteenth-century siege mine in Europe. 圣安德鲁斯城堡是圣安德鲁斯的主教们的住宅。圣安德鲁斯城堡至少早在1190年已经存在了。然而,我们今天所看到的城堡的大部分是在1380年和1560年之间建造的。圣安德鲁斯城堡见证了苏格兰历史上的重大事件。1452年, 国王詹姆斯三世出生在这里。在大约一个世纪后的1546年, 苏格兰最有权势的人之一,红衣主教大卫•比顿在城堡被一群新教贵族谋杀。随后刺客们占据城堡圣安德鲁斯城堡长达一年。最终，在受到法国军舰的炮击后，他们投降了。在1546年到1547年之间, 攻击城堡的部队试图通过在墙下挖洞来攻占城堡。当时所挖的洞至今依然存在并且是欧洲保存最好的16世纪攻城地道。 Audio 1 - Richard Fawcett on the significance of the St Andrews Castle Audio 2 - Katie Stevenson on Walter Bower's account of medieval activities in the St Andrews Castle Audio 3 - Michael Brown on John Knox's account of the bombardment of the St Andrews Castle in 1547 音频 1 - 理查德·福塞特讲述圣安德鲁斯城堡的意义 音频 2 - 凯蒂·史蒂文森讲述沃尔特·鲍尔描述中世纪发生在圣安德鲁斯城堡在的活动 音频 3 - 迈克尔·布朗讲述约翰诺克斯描述圣安德鲁斯城堡于1547年遭受的炮击 Video - Interior and exterior of St Andrews Castle reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group (Narration by Katie Stevenson) 视频 - 圣安德鲁斯城堡内部与外部的虚拟重建 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作（凯蒂·史蒂文森叙述) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/StMary.mp3 f70a7212c6901bb08b041fbd54024739 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/JohnKnoxOnPatrickHamiltonDeath.mp3 73dad84de4bb937aebd8c42f5b1e6473 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/StMarysArtandArchitecture.mp3 9a044ef8c9999582895181f94cbe5a15 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/StMarysCollage.mp3 1e66ada87afacf5eced6abb7a17b92e4 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/StMarysQuad.mp3 f5430419e276af5b2a56e1395dfd3bfe https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/RHStMaries.mp3 61581d755c8bcfe9b1e880a3bfa9588c https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/Foundations.mp3 3c3460a0546bb49a19f9b388c0bc2466 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/PapalBulls.mp4 a697ea2ae77441440c754f72fe7cd6d8 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/stMarysCollege8.JPG a1b3b2f9d17642291cb012f0198156a5 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/stMarysCollege5.JPG 9e697a4c972cae28d769946e82c8f554 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/stMarysCollege6.JPG 50fc24729998f10618bf331794b5b934 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/stMarysCollege7.JPG 09fd8cf8b00f990cd6f8b1ccf0cc2f9a https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/stMarysCollege9.JPG 0d15c4646945d1cf46436d5d8fac38fd https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/universityCrest.png ec08bd8239193edd198bfe460f89a78a https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/stMarysCollegeGeddy.PNG 12095be7964a8ed4dad617d283975f97 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/st-andrews-seal-and-matrix.jpg 1f8579e3f34e849b925b20c951b956eb https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/stainedGlass.jpg 6be06a1e9f1371d7e1b374229e503cc8 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/657/musaStAndrewsBadge.jpg 935847adfd27cc71bbeef40cce7b5d75 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St Mary's College 圣玛丽学院 Description An account of the resource The site of St Mary's College was one of the first properties acquired by the University of St Andrews. When the university was founded in 1413 it had no buildings of its own and lecturers taught in borrowed rooms. However, in 1419 a college dedicated to St John was founded on South Street. Shortly afterwards the Faculty of Arts bought the property next door and established a teaching building known as the Pedagogy. These two sites formed the first large properties owned by the new university. In the early sixteenth century both St John's and the Pedagogy fell into ruin and in the 1530s a decision was taken to establish a new college of St Mary in their place. St Mary's was designed to combat heresy and defend Catholicism. It opened in the 1550s and attracted scholars from Scotland and the Continent. Less than ten years later St Andrews was hit by the upheavals of the Scottish Reformation. St Mary's rapidly shifted its religious allegiance and became a Protestant organisation training ministers for the Church of Scotland. St Mary's remains the divinity department for the University of St Andrews. 圣玛丽学院是圣安德鲁斯大学最早拥有的几个场所之一。当圣安德鲁斯大学在1413年成立时,它没有自己的建筑,讲师们在借来的房间内教学。到了1419年,一个属于圣约翰的学院在南街建立了。之后不久，艺术学院买了隔壁的物产并且建立了被称为 “Pedagogy” 的教学楼。这两个场所是圣安德鲁斯大学最早拥有的物产。在十六世纪早期，这两个学院都沦为废墟。在1530年代，新的圣玛丽学院在这个位置建立起来。圣玛丽学院旨在打击异端和捍卫天主教。在1550年代圣玛丽学院开始招生并且吸引了来自苏格兰和欧洲大陆的学者，仅仅不到十年后，圣安德鲁斯受到苏格兰宗教改革的打击。圣玛丽迅速改变了宗教的信仰,成为新教为苏格兰教会培养牧师的场所。现在，圣玛丽学院仍然是圣安德鲁斯大学的神学院。 Audio 1 - Roger Mason on the significance of St Marys College in the University of St Andrews Audio 2 - Michael Brown on John Knox's account of the execution of Patrick Hamilton Audio 3 - Elizabeth Swarbrick on the architecture of St Mary's College Audio 4 - Elizabeth Swarbrick on St Mary's College Audio 5 - Elizabeth Swarbrick on St Mary's Quadrangle Audio 6 - Rachel Hart on St Mary's College Audio 7 - Joanna Lumley on the foundation of St Andrews University 音频 1 - 罗杰·梅森讲述圣玛丽学院对于圣安德鲁斯大学的意义 音频 2 - 迈克尔·布朗讲述约翰·诺克斯对帕特里克·汉密尔顿的行刑的描述 音频 3 - 伊丽莎白斯沃布里克讲述圣玛丽学院的建筑 音频 4 - 伊丽莎白斯沃布里克讲述圣玛丽学院 音频 5 - 伊丽莎白斯沃布里克讲述圣玛丽的四边形 音频 6 - 瑞秋哈特讲述圣玛丽学院 音频 7 - 乔安娜拉姆利讲述圣安德鲁斯大学的建立 Video - Brief account of the foundation of the University of St Andrews (Courtesy: Ever to Excel) 视频 - 简要讲述圣安德鲁斯大学的成立 （感谢： 电影 “Ever to Excel”） Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/7 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/Reformation.mp3 e4179a89d9c7faed4ca5f5423e886fdd https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/TolboothFlythrough.mp4 6204f8109d767f5acbf19612207e83db https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/tolbooth3.JPG 472b18ae5722851c0eda68a39689b210 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/tolbooth4.jpg 1723d7e7c8461f3554681fe356bb81f7 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/tolbooth1.jpg fdf69a29da9e94763c75b71f403f4897 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/tolbooth2.jpg 99a0cf9225f9098293186bb4148a2edd https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/Tolboothreconstruction1.jpg 7a07bf3cf33d8eeede65925882a984d1 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/Tolboothreconstruction2.jpg a3d3239b1d19ae7e8aadb27cbbfbd58c https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/Tolboothreconstruction3.jpg 50718abd20542031c41c67a81b7ba00a https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/Tolboothreconstruction4.jpg cde2a48d143f1a64c847a781b76ceb31 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/Tolboothreconstruction5.jpg c66a366c099f4e9f5e66d3366419d0b2 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/656/Tolboothreconstruction6.jpg 2baad8c75b3d74aa70072fbe60ac6252 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tolbooth 镇政府 Description An account of the resource Outlined in the paving on Market Street is the location of St Andrews' former tolbooth (the Scottish equivalent of a town hall). We do not know precisely when St Andrews’ tolbooth was built, but recent archaeological excavation suggests the site has been used by people since the twelfth century. The tolbooth underwent a number of major renovations and was almost completely rebuilt in the sixteenth century. As in other Scottish towns, the tolbooth was a meeting place for the local council and community. It also acted as a prison. St Andrews' tolbooth was eventually demolished in the 1860s as it was regarded as an obstruction to traffic. 市场街上有圣安德鲁斯从前的镇政府(tolbooth为苏格兰英语等同于镇政府)。我们并不清楚得知道圣安德鲁斯镇政府是什么时候建成的, 但最近的考古发掘证实这个场所自十二世纪起就有人使用了。圣安德鲁斯镇政府经历了许多次修缮并且在16世纪几乎完全重建。和其他的苏格兰城镇一样, 镇政府是本地议会和社区开会的地方。此外，它还被当做监狱。在1860年代， 圣安德鲁斯镇政府被最终拆除, 理由是它阻碍了交通。 Audio - Elizabeth Rhodes on the reformation that took place in St Andrews in 1559 音频 - 伊丽莎白·罗兹讲述发生在1559年的圣安德鲁斯的宗教改革 Video - Panoramic view of the Toolbooth, reconstructed by Open Virtual Worlds Group 视频 - 镇政府的虚拟全景 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/6 Language A language of the resource English/中文 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/655/StLeonards.mp3 2b9299a03e1cbf0f4ad99b6dd8952e8f https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/655/TreasuresOfTheLibraryStatutesofStLeonardsCollege.mp4 d0c3d483e83c5324d7fa2a2f5cbca048 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/655/stLeonardsCollege3.JPG 7b46c23d7f343c5b6b78cf1c637b6eb0 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/655/stLeonardsCollege.JPG f506b8d54f7d742b1fbd9380a4701857 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/655/stLeonardsCollege2.JPG cf095961330030857481183c78d1030b https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/655/stLeonardsCollege4.JPG 93b9543890fbc8276e0a741e11b76cb2 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/655/stLeonardsCollege5.JPG f03cb8940c344082b956c23c4563c5b3 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/655/stLeonardsDrawing.jpg 281478841dcd2be871aa8336f2272c51 https://openvirtualworlds.org/broadlands/files/original/11/655/stLeonardsCollegeGeddy.PNG c518b2cfcde7e04422198becea839bf5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Virtual Exhibition of Medieval St Andrews 中世纪圣安德鲁斯的虚拟展示 Description An account of the resource Text description, images, audios, videos and location information of historical sites in St Andrews. The descriptions are written in English and Chinese. 这是一个圣安德鲁斯历史遗迹的集合，包含了历史遗迹的文本信息，位置信息，图片，音频以及视频，文本信息包含中英文双语。 Language A language of the resource English/中文 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Jun 4, 2015 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St Leonard's Chapel 圣伦纳德礼拜堂 Description An account of the resource The origins of St Leonard's may go back as far as the twelfth century, when an (unnamed) hospital was referred to in a document concerning St Andrews Cathedral. By the mid thirteenth century a hospital dedicated to St Leonard was firmly established on the site now occupied by St Leonard's Chapel and School. Like most medieval hospitals St Leonard's primarily provided accommodation - in this case for pilgrims visiting the shrine of St Andrew. During the late Middles Ages the number of pilgrims visiting St Andrews declined, and in 1512 the hospital was converted into a university college for the education of "poor clerks". The College of St Leonard survived until the eighteenth century when it was amalgamated with St Salvator's College (on North Street). The university subsequently sold off most of St Leonard's buildings but retained ownership of the college chapel. The rest of the college buildings are now occupied by a boarding school. 圣伦纳德礼拜堂的起源可以追溯到十二世纪, 在一份关于圣安德鲁斯大教堂的文档中提到了一个没有名字的医院。十三世纪中叶，一个服务于圣伦纳德的医院建立在了现在是圣伦纳德教堂和学校的地方。像大多数中世纪医院一样，圣伦纳德医院为来圣安德鲁斯的朝圣者提供住宿。在中世纪后期，来圣安德鲁斯的朝圣者数量下降, 在1512年， 医院转变成了大学学院为穷人提供教育。圣伦纳德学院一直延续到十八世纪直到与圣萨尔瓦托学院合并(在北街)。圣安德鲁斯大学后来出售了圣伦纳德学院的大部分建筑物,但保留了大学礼拜堂。其余的学院建筑属于一所寄宿学校。 Audio - Christine McGalddery on the significance of St Leonards College in the University of St Andrews 音频 - 克里斯汀讲述圣伦纳德学院对于圣安德鲁斯大学的意义 Video - Brief account of the foundation and history of St Leonards College (Courtesy: University of St Andrews Special Collection) 视频 - 简单介绍圣伦纳德学院的起源和历史(感谢： :圣安德鲁斯大学特殊收藏) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015/6/6 Language A language of the resource English/中文