Church of St Mary, Kirk Hill
圣玛丽教堂，科克山

Church of St Mary, Kirk Hill
圣玛丽教堂，科克山

Kirk Hill (or Kirk Heugh as it is sometimes called) has a long history of human activity. Archaeologists have found evidence of prehistoric burials at this site, perhaps dating from as long ago as 500 B.C. There are also some signs of early metal working. In the mid twelfth century a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary was established here. The new church housed a community of holy men known as "Culdees" (a term derived from the Celtic phrase Ceile-De or "friend of God"). The Culdees had previously served the shrine of St Andrew but were pushed out from this role by the foundation of an Augustinian monastery at the Cathedral. During the later Middle Ages St Mary's was a royal chapel and enjoyed the patronage of successive Scottish kings. The church was still functioning at the Reformation, when several of its priests were prosecuted for refusing to convert to Protestantism.

科克山(有时又被称为Kirk Heugh)有悠久的人类活动历史。考古学家在此地发现了史前的埋葬遗迹,可以追溯到大概公元前500年。此外，考古学家也发现了一些早期的金属加工迹象。早在十二世纪中叶，人们在此建立了一座教堂供奉给圣母玛利亚。教堂里居住着被称为“Culdees”(这个词源自凯尔特语Ceile-De，意为神的朋友)的神职人员。这些神职人员起先服侍于这个圣安德鲁的圣地,但从奥古斯丁修道院在大教堂建立开始，便被迫不再担任这个角色。在中世纪后期，圣玛丽教堂被当做皇家礼拜堂并且不断有苏格兰国王到访。在宗教改革运动中，有一些神父因为拒绝皈依新教而被起诉，但是教堂仍然正常运转。

Audio - Elizabeth Swarbrick on the church of St Mary on the Rock

音频 - 伊丽莎白斯沃布里克对于圣玛丽教堂的介绍

Video 1 - Legendary account of the foundation of the town of St Andrews, formerly known as Kilrymont (Courtesy: Ever to Excel)
Video 2 - Exterior of the Church of St Mary on the rock reconstructed by the Open Virtual Worlds Group

视频 1 - 传奇的诞生 - 圣安德鲁斯 （原名 Kilrymont ）
视频 2 - 圣玛丽教堂在虚拟世界中的外部重建 - 由开放虚拟世界组制作

2015/6/2

English/中文