The Mace of the Faculty of Arts. See also:
http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/musa/see/starobjects/stsalvatorsmace/

A seal depicting the cathedral

The seal of the University of St Andrews

The university seal matrix

The Statutes of St Leonard's College:
https://pacific.st-andrews.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=4&dsqSearch=%28%28text%29%3D%27uysl165%27%29

Summa Theologica of St Thomas Aquinas. Gifted to the town of St Andrews by the Blackfriars:
http://library.st-andrews.ac.uk/record=b1307346~S5]]> The inclusion of new parliaments and conventions of estates, committee records, parliamentary minutes and additional material makes the online edition the most comprehensive record of Scottish parliamentary proceedings ever available. All the sources which make up the proceedings of the pre-1707 Scottish parliament are fully cited and an extensive editorial apparatus included, enabling for the first time a proper understanding of the many and varied sources which make up Scotland’s parliamentary record. A parallel translation of the original Latin, French and Scots text into English and the standardisation of place and personal names, where identifiable, enables keyword searches on an infinite number of subjects, with direct links from the modern translation to the original manuscript record.’

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All entries can be found at http://www.rps.ac.uk/]]> Letters: patent of Agnes de Mordington recording the sale of Glanderstone in Garioch at parliament
To all sons of holy mother church who shall see or hear the present writing, Agnes de Mordington, daughter and heiress of Sir Peter de Mordington, knight, greeting in the Saviour of all. All of you shall know that I, not by force, trickery or fear, but voluntarily, purely and simply, for me, my heirs and successors whomsoever, have sold to John, son of Adam Browning, and conveyed the title of the sale to him in person, all the land of Glanderstone in Garioch with all its pertinents, freedoms and profits whatsoever pertaining to the said land, or which may pertain in future in any way. Also [you should know] if, concerning the same, it was proper to make special mention for the 360 merks of good and legal sterling in coin paid into my hands, of which sum of money I quitclaim the said John by the present [letters] and renounce on this behalf, exception being made of money not counted and of any deceit which might be interposed. And for the faithful and inviolable observing of this, I gave a bodily oath into the hands of the venerable father the lord William de Lamberton, by the grace of God bishop of St Andrews, and notwithstanding I swore touching the holy Gospels in the presence of all the prelates assembled in council at Perth on 9 July 1321, that I hold my said sale to be established and valid in perpetuity for myself and my heirs and successors, and not to come against the same directly or indirectly by myself or through others in any way in future. And if it should occur that I, my heirs or successors oppose the aforesaid sale in any way de facto, since I shall not be able to do so de jure, I oblige myself, my heirs and successors to pay the said John, his heirs, successors and assignees £200 sterling before the same John, his heirs, successors or assignees are held to answer me, my heirs, successors or assignees, concerning the aforesaid lands in any way; and, notwithstanding, to pay £1,000 sterling both for the construction of the cathedral church of St Andrews and the cathedral church of Aberdeen. And that this my present sale and full transference of rights shall be firm and strong, I have renounced, resigned and surrendered, in full parliament held at Perth on the day and year stated above, into the hands of the most serene prince Lord Robert by the grace of God illustrious king of Scots, with rod and staff, all the aforesaid land of Glanderstone with each of its abovesaid pertinents. Wherefore, indeed, the lord king, both as king of Scotland and as heir of Sir Robert Bruce of good memory, the superior lord of the aforesaid tenement of Glanderstone, conferred the said land and tenement with its pertinents, as was said, upon the aforesaid John, his heirs and assignees, purely, simply and freely, and he infeft the same concerning the said land, and he invested him concerning the same. And for observing all [and] each of the foregoing without deceit, I oblige myself, my heirs, successors, assignees and executors, and all our goods, moveable and immoveable, wherever they shall be, notwithstanding anything to be proposed. And I, my heirs, successors and assignees shall guarantee and protect the aforesaid land with its pertinents in perpetuity for the aforesaid John, his heirs, successors and assignees. And I renounce by oath the plea of deceit, evil and error and the plea which can be brought of deception, beyond the means of just entreaty, procured or to be procured in episcopal, royal or papal letters, and all other remedy, both of canon and civil law, whereby the validity of the present [letters] can be annulled in any way. In testimony of which matter, in the presence of the aforesaid prelates, I appended my seal to the present letters. And because my seal is not sufficiently known, I have procured the seals of the venerable fathers the lords William de Lamberton, William de Sinclair, Henry Cheyne, John de Kinninmonth and Farquhar Bellejambe, by the grace of God bishops of St Andrews, Dunkeld, Aberdeen, Brechin and Caithness, and of the noble men the lords Gilbert de Hay, constable of Scotland, and Robert de Keith, marischal of the same, to be appended to the present [letters]. Given at Perth on 10 July 1321.

[1339/1]
Letters: Robert the Steward to John Douglas, keeper of Loch Leven
Robert the Steward of Scotland, lieutenant of our most serene prince the lord David, by the grace of God illustrious king of Scots, to master John de Douglas, keeper of Loch Leven castle, greeting. Because it was determined in full parliament at Perth on 24 October by the prelates and magnates of the kingdom that [John de Gowrie] prior [of St Andrews] and the convent of St Andrews should not be troubled by reason of a certain obligatory letter sealed by the common seal of the said prior’s chapter, by which he and the convent are obliged as sureties for a certain sum of money owed for garrisoning the said lake by the community of Fife, we order you on the behalf of the said lord our king and ourselves that henceforth you should not presume to trouble the said lords the prior and convent by reason of the said surety, and anything received from them up until now should be restored to the same without delay, nothing to be proposed withstanding. In testimony of which matter we ordered our seal to be appended to the present document. Given on the day and at the abovesaid place, in the year of our lord 1339.

[1366/7/18]
The amount of taxation and of the true value of churches presented in the aforesaid parliament
The bishoprics
Galloway
by the old assessment, £368 15s 6d
by the true value, £143 20d
Argyll
by the old assessment, £281 6s 8d
by the true value, £133 6s 8d
Aberdeen
by the old assessment, £1,492 4s 4d
by the true value, £1,358 17s 8d
Ross
by the old assessment, £320 7s 11½d
by the true value, £246 12s
Dunblane
by the old assessment, £607 13s 4d
by the true value, £376 13s 4d. And £30 19s 4d from the bishop's lands.
Brechin
by the old assessment, £441 3s 4d
by the true value, £321 16s 8d
Moray
by the old assessment, £1,418 11s
by the true value, £559 8s 8d
Caithness
by the old assessment, £286 14s 10½d
by the true value, £86 6s 8d
Dunkeld
by the old assessment, £1,206 5s 8d
by the true value, £602 13s 4d
Glasgow
by the old assessment, £4,080 12s 2d, but now the old assessment is £3,239 for that place because many of the churches of the deaneries of Teviotdale and Eskdale are at the fealty of the king of England.
by the true value, £2,028 10s 6½d excepting Annandale and the many churches of the said deaneries at the fealty as above.
St Andrews
by the old assessment, £5,414, but because many of the churches within the Merse are at the peace of the English king, the old assessment of the said bishopric is now £5,340 13s 4d by subtraction of so much as £73 6s 8d from the church of the Holy Trinity at Berwick.
by the true value, £3,507 except the deanery of Merse which extends to approximately £120.
Sum total of the assessment of the churches of all the bishoprics of Scotland except the bishopric of the Isles according to the old assessment, £15,000 56s
Sum total of the true value of the same except as above, £9,396 6s 6d

[A1371/1]
Non-parliamentary record: account of the coronation of Robert II and the homage given to him by the prelates and magnates
In the year 1371 after the incarnation of the Lord, on 26 March at Scone, Robert the Steward of Scotland, earl of Strathearn, nephew of the lord David [II] de Bruce of glorious memory, the illustrious king of Scots who recently died, was crowned and anointed as king by the reverend father in Christ the lord William de Landels, bishop of St Andrews. At which coronation and anointing, the lords prelates, earls and barons and all the nobles written below were present, with a great assembled multitude of people from all parts of the kingdom of Scotland.

[1416/1]
Letters: transcription of Edward III's renunciation of claim to Scotland, 1 March 1328
To all sons of the holy mother church to whom notice of the present letters shall come, Henry [Wardlaw], by divine compassion bishop of St Andrews, greeting in the eternal Lord. Know all of you that recently in our presence, sitting before a tribunal in the chapel next to the great bridge of the burgh of Perth in our diocese, the revered father in Christ Gilbert [Greenlaw], by the grace of God bishop of Aberdeen, chancellor of Scotland, appearing in the name and on behalf of the three estates of the kingdom of Scotland then assembled and holding the general council in the house of the Friars Preachers of the said burgh, produced certain letters of the late most renowned lord Edward [III], by the grace of God king of England of honourable memory, and exhibited and revealed their tenors to us, described below word for word. Which letters the same lord bishop and chancellor asked to be transcribed and copied and rendered in public and authentic form for future memory of the matter by our authority and ordinance, with the insertion of the decreet, lest through the absence of proof of the things contained in the same letters, our lord the king of Scotland who shall be for the time, and the kingdom and its inhabitants whomsoever, might be disturbed and troubled by the loss or destruction of the original letters. We therefore, to assist by evidences lest justice should perish if the truth were concealed, these letters having been seen, read and diligently inspected in our presence, word for word, by the notaries public written below, reputed to be true without suspicion, and with the originals having been examined and the seals appended to the same uninjured and genuine as is well evident, commanded and caused the aforesaid letters of the same lord bishop and chancellor's petition to be transcribed and copied, as far as is reasonable, by the notaries public written below, resolving by the tenor of the present [letters] that such a transcription or copy hereafter should be employed by all in all good faith, both in judgements and otherwise, as the original letters touched on already. Which things, all and singular, we inserted by our authority and decreet. The tenors of the letters are such.
To all who shall inspect he present letters, Edward [III], by the grace of God king of England, lord of Ireland and duke of Aquitaine, eternal greeting in the Lord. Since we and several of our predecessors, kings of England, have attempted to obtain the right of ruling the lordship or superiority of the kingdom of Scotland, and from this has stirred the fearful division of the wars of England and Scotland which have long afflicted the kingdoms, paying attention to the killings, slaughters, crimes, destructions of churches and innumerable evils which, on occasion of these wars, were befalling the inhabitants of both kingdoms in many ways, and the good which would abound in both kingdoms being joined for mutual profit by the stability of perpetual peace, wishing the kingdom to be secure with greater protection against the noxious attempts of those wishing to rebel or attack it, we wish and grant by the present [letters] for us, our heirs and successors, with the common counsel, assent and consent of the prelates and nobles, earls and barons, and of the communities of our kingdom in our parliament, that the kingdom of Scotland shall remain in perpetuity, by its rightful marches as they were held and protected in the times of Alexander [III], king of Scotland of good memory, last deceased, with the magnificent prince the lord Robert [I], by the grace of God illustrious king of Scotland, our most beloved ally and friend, and his heirs and successors, divided in all ways from the kingdom of England, complete, free and at peace, in perpetuity, without any subjection, servitude, claim or demand. And if we or our ancestors have asked for any right in the kingdom of Scotland in any way from the aforementioned king of Scotland, his heirs or successors, we thoroughly and entirely renounce and demit them all for us, our heirs and successors; also the obligations, agreements and pacts entered into in whatsoever way by any kings or inhabitants, clerics or laymen of the same kingdom of Scotland with our predecessors at any time, upon the subjection of the kingdom of Scotland or the inhabitants of the same. And if any letters, charters, muniments or instruments should be discovered henceforth anywhere concerning the making of these sorts of obligations, agreements and pacts, they should be considered as in vain, useless, void and empty, and we wish [them] to be of no value or importance. And for observing all the foregoing fully, peacefully and faithfully, we have formerly given full power and special mandate by our letters patent to our beloved and faithful Henry de Percy, our kinsman, and William de la Zouche of Ashby, and either of them, for performing an oath on our soul. In testimony of which matter we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Given at York on 1 March in the second year of our reign [1328] by the king himself and the council in parliament.
Item, Edward [III], by the grace of God king of England, lord of Ireland and duke of Aquitaine, to his beloved and faithful Henry de Percy and William de la Zouche of Ashby, greeting. Since by a charter or our letters patent we had granted to the magnificent prince Robert [I], king of Scots, that he should have the kingdom of Scotland by its rightful marches as they were held and protected in the times of Alexander [III], king of Scotland, last deceased of good memory, and we have renounced the right, if any, that we or [former kings] demanded in any way from the same lord king of Scots, we, being fully confident of your faithfulness and provident circumspection for strengthening and fortifying all and singular things contained in the said charter or letters by performing an oath on our soul, commit power and special mandate to you, and either of you, by the tenor of the present [letters]. And we make this clear to all and singular whom it concerns, or whom it may concern, by our present letters patent, strengthened by the reinforcement of our seal. Given at York on 1 March in the second year of our reign [1328] by the king himself and the council in parliament.
Moreover the said letters were sealed by a great and round seal of white wax, on one side of which was the pattern of a throne in which was the image of the king sitting clothed as though in regal garments with a crown on the head and a sceptre in the right hand, and on either side of the throne a lily flower, and on the circumference were written in legible letters 'Edward by the grace of God king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Aquitaine'. Moreover on the other side of the seal was and image of the king in armour, sitting upon a horse, holding an unsheathed sword raised in his right hand, and upon his left shoulder was a shield on which were the images of three leopards† walking, and in the circumference was written in legible letters 'Edward by the grace of God king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Aquitaine'.
In testimony of all and singular of which we ordered the present letters or instrument to be written and published by the notaries public written below, and we caused [it] to be reinforced by the appending of our seal. Given and enacted in the chapel written above on 17 March 1415 AD, ninth year of the indiction, twenty-second year of the pontificate of the most holy in Christ our father and lord by divine providence the Lord Pope Benedict XIII. Present the reverend fathers and lords in Christ by the grace of God lords William [Lauder] bishop of Glasgow, Henry [Leighton] bishop of Moray, Walter [Forrester] bishop of Brechin, Thomas [Buittle] bishop of Galloway, Finlay [Colinson] bishop of Dunblane. Alexander [Waghorn] bishop of Ross, and Alexander [Vaus] bishop of Caithness, by the grace of God William [de St Andrews] abbot of Dunfermline, Walter [Paniter] abbot of Arbroath, John [Hailes] abbot of Balmerino, William [Blair] abbot of Kinloss, John [Peebles] abbot of Culross and Patrick [Callander] abbot of Cambuskenneth, with many other witnesses specially called and invited to see and hear the aforementioned publication.
And I, Richard de Craig, priest of St Andrews diocese, by imperial authority notary public from the mandate of my lord, the bishop of St Andrews, and by his pre-eminent authority, rendered the said instrument in public form, written by my hand, nothing added or taken away that might change or spoil the sense, and, in the presence of the judge and witnesses with the masters Patrick de Houston, canon of Glasgow, Richard Knight, parson of the church of Conveth, and the Sir Walter Rae, parson of the church of Garvald, notaries public, I listened diligently and faithfully with the original [as it was being] comprehended, and I saw these original letters and showed and read the witnesses, not spoiled, nor cancelled, nor destroyed or suspect in any of their parts, neither in the charter, nor in the writing, nor in the seal, and all and singular the other foregoing things, while they were done and enacted in this way, as set out before, in his presence and therefore here I have subscribed and appended my customary sign, asked and requested in surety and testimony of all the foregoing.
And I, Richard Knight, clerk of St Andrews diocese, by imperial authority notary public, was present in their midst while all and singular the foregoing were done and enacted in this way, as stated above, before my aforementioned lord, the bishop of St Andrews, along with the aforenamed witnesses, and I saw and heard that these things were done, and with the notaries written below I have undertaken it to be published in the note and present public instrument written by another's hand by the mandate of the said lord bishop [...], and along with the appending of the seal of the said reverend father, [and] having been asked and requested I have signed it with my usual and customary sign and subscription, in testimony of all the foregoing.
And I, Robert de Cairnie, clerk of St Andrews diocese, notary public by apostolic and imperial authority, was present in their midst while all and singular the foregoing were done and enacted in this way, as stated above, and before the aforesaid lord the bishop of StAndrews, along with the aforenamed witnesses, and I saw and heard that these things were done in this way as stated before, [and] along with the notaries written below I have published the present public instrument written by another's hand by the mandate of the aforesaid lord bishop, and therefore I have subscribed it here with my usual and customary sign and subscription by my own hand, asked and requested in testimony of all the foregoing, along with the reinforcement of the seal of the said reverend father, before the witnesses and notaries abovesaid in testimony of the truth of all and singular the foregoing.


[1466/26]
Judicial Proceedings
The action that exists between [David Ramsay], prior of St Andrews, on the one part, and Sir William Leslie, on the other part, touching the lands of Seggieden, is, by the consent of the said prior and of Sir Andrew Leslie, procurators to the said Sir William, continued by the lords auditors of complaints before our sovereign lord and his council where his highness happens to be until 26 January next, with continuation, and both the said parties consented that the lords of our sovereign lord's council shall have the full power of the parliament and of all other courts for deciding the said action.

[A1469/1]
Legislation: confirmation of papal indult
In our sovereign lord's parliament held and begun at Edinburgh on 20 November 1469, it is enacted and decreed by our sovereign lord and the three estates in the said parliament that, for as much as [Paul II], our holy father, the pope, and the see of Rome have granted a privilege and a perpetual indult to the prelates the bishops of St Andrews to confirm the persons who shall be chosen or postulated by convents to be abbots or priors within the diocese of St Andrews, and this indult and privilege is right honourable in itself and leads to the common profit of the realm and to our sovereign lord's lieges, that therefore the said indult and privilege shall be observed and kept by our sovereign lord, his successors, and lieges in the future without infringement or breaking of the same. And that no persons, his lieges or subjects of whatever estate, degree or order of our sovereign lord to which they belong act to the contrary of the said indult or privileges by any manner of means or ways in the future and purchase any abbacies or priories that will become vacant within the diocese of St Andrews in the future, pertaining to the confirmation of the said prelate bishop of St Andrews current at the time except through the said indult and privilege, or raise any commission against the persons now promoted or to be promoted, confirmed and to be confirmed by the said prelate bishop of St Andrews for the time under the pain of perpetual banishment and proscription from the realm and under all the highest pain of treason and crime of our sovereign lord's and his successor's injured majesty. And similarly it is ordained that no persons, lieges to our said sovereign lord, may purchase any benefice outside the realm which is from ancient use and custom and was ever observed and used to be presented, given or confirmed within the realm by the patrons or ordinaries of the diocese, or raise any commission thereupon under such similar pain and the incurring of the king's high indignation. And that the abbacies and priories within the said diocese of St Andrews, that is to say the priory of St Andrews, the abbacy of Kelso, the abbacy of Dunfermline, the abbacy of Arbroath, the abbacy of Holyroodhouse, the abbacy of Scone, the abbacy of Lindores, the abbacy of Cambuskenneth, the abbacy of Dryburgh, the abbacy of Balmerino, the abbacy of Coupar [Angus], the abbacy of Newbattle in the priory of Coldingham, the priory of Restenneth, the priory of Portmoak and all other prelacies and priories pertaining to the see of St Andrews by privilege, ancient custom or by the said indult, shall have this act and decreet of parliament with the said indult fully inserted under our sovereign lord's great seal, if it be required, in perpetual memory of the said constitution, act and deliverance of parliament for the conservation and keeping of the common good of our sovereign lord's realm and lieges. And that our sovereign lord and his successors, together with the three estates of his realm, shall by his royal authority defend the said privilege and indult as is said against all and sundry lieges who would do or attempt to do in contrary thereof in the future, and execute dutifully by pain of proscription and treason against the said persons attempting to the contrary of the said indult in the most rigorous fashion.

[1471/5/45]
Judicial Proceedings
The cause between [William Cameron/John Wallace?], prior, and the convent of St Andrews against Alexander Leslie concerning the lands of Seggieden is continued until 8 July next, with continuation of days, in the same form as it is now, with the consent of procurators of both parties, and the lords of council will have the power of parliament for the determination of the said cause.

[1479/3/20]
Transumpts and confirmations: of acts concerning the clergy and privileges of St Andrews
On which a certain act of parliament was presented by the said most excellent prince the lord James III, our supreme lord the king, reinforced by his great seal, of which the tenor follows word for word, as follows: James, by the grace of God king of Scots, to all his good men to whom the present letters shall come, greeting. Know that in our parliament held at Edinburgh and begun on 20 November 1469 it was enacted, statue, decreed and delivered by our three estates in this form:
In our sovereign lord's parliament held and begun at Edinburgh on 20 November 1469 it is enacted and decreed by our sovereign lord and the three estates in the said parliament that for as much as our holy father the pope and the see of Rome have granted a privilege and a perpetual licence to the prelate bishops of St Andrews to confirm the persons who shall be chosen or nominated by convents to be abbots or priors within the diocese of St Andrews, which licence and privilege is very honourable in itself and leads toward the common profit of the realm and of our sovereign lord's lieges, that therefore the said licence and privilege shall be observed and kept by our sovereign lord's successors and lieges in the future without transgression or the breaking of the same, and that no person, his lieges or subjects no matter whichever estate, degree or order they belong to, by any manner of means or ways in the future, act in contradiction to the said licence or privileges and purchase any abbeys or priories that become vacant in the future within the diocese of St Andrews pertaining to the confirmation of the said prelate bishop of St Andrews for the time, under the pain of perpetual banishment and proscription from the realm and under all the highest pain of treason and crime of our sovereign lord's hurt majesty and his successors. And similarly it is ordained that no persons who are lieges to our said sovereign lord purchase any benefice outwith the realm which is an old custom and habit and was always observed and used to be presented, given or confirmed within the realm by the patrons or ordinaries of the diocese, or raise any commission thereupon under such like pain and incurring of the king's high indignation. And that the abbeys and priories within the said diocese of St Andrews, that is to say the priory of St Andrews, the abbacy of Kelso, the abbacy of Dunfermline, the abbacy of Arbroath, the abbacy of Holyrood, the abbacy of Scone, the abbacy of Lindores, the abbacy of Cambuskenneth, the abbacy of Dryburgh, the abbacy of Balmerino, the abbacy of Coupar Angus, the abbacy of Newbattle, the priory of Newbattle, the priory of Coldingham, the priory of Restenneth, the priory of Portmoak, and all other prelacies and priories pertaining to the see of St Andrews by privilege, old use and custom, or by the said indult, shall have this act and statute of parliament with the said indult fully inserted under our sovereign lord's great seal, if it is required, for the perpetual memory of the said constitution, act and deliverance of parliament, in the conserving and keeping of the common good of our sovereign lord's realm and lieges. And that our sovereign lord and his successors, together with the three estates of his realm shall, by his royal authority, defend the said privilege and indult, as is said, against all and sundry, or his lieges, that would do or attempt to the contrary thereof in time to come, and execute dutifully the pains, proscription and treason against the said persons attempting to the contrary of the said indult in the most rigorous ways.
Given and extracted from the register of acts by me Alexander Scott, clerk of the council of the king and depute of the venerable man Master David Guthrie of that Ilk, clerk of the rolls and register of our supreme lord the king, given under the seal of the office of the said master, and under my sign and subscription manual. Which act, statute and decree, and everything contained in the same, in all its points, articles, conditions, pains, measures and circumstances whatsoever, we approve, ratify and confirm for us, our heirs and successors, in all ways, by our authority and that of our said parliament, as before, in perpetuity, strictly forbidding that anyone presume to come against the said act, statute and decree in any way in future, under pains contained in the same. Given under our great seal at Edinburgh on 7 December 1469, and tenth year of our reign.
Which act, statute and decree, and everything contained in the said act, statute and decree, in all its points, articles, conditions, measures and circumstances etc., under the pains contained therein, by all the best means etc., our same most excellent lord the king, with the consent and express assent of the three estates of the realm there present, approved, ratified and, for himself and his successors - with his royal authority, and the authority of parliament of the aforesaid three estates of the realm - confirmed in perpetuity; and ordained that letters under his great seal in the customary form of chancellery be given to to the metropolitan church of St Andrews and the most reverend father William [Scheves], archbishop of St Andrews and his successors, and the other abbots and priors abovewritten.

Letters: confirmation of charters to William Scheves and diocese of St Andrews
[1479/10/9]
The same day our aforesaid sovereign lord, with the consent of his three estates being present there, confirmed, ratified and approved all gifts, donations, grants, privileges, liberties and freedoms granted and given for all lands, churches, privileges and freedom previously given by his predecessors or any of them at any time in the past to the see of St Andrews to the most reverend father in God William [Scheves], archbishop of the metropolitan see of St Andrews, and further our aforesaid sovereign lord ratified, approved and confirmed all unions and annexations of any benefices made by our holy father the pope to the said metropolitan see in favour of the said see, and ordained letters under the great seal to be given thereupon to the said William, archbishop, and his successors in due form from the chancellery.
[1479/10/10]
And then immediately rose Dean Walter Davidson, prior of Pittenweem, and protested that the said grant of our sovereign lord should be no prejudice to him or his said priory of Pittenweem for his time, which the said most reverend father William [Scheves], archbishop of St Andrews, present there, agreed that the said unions or annexations should not prejudice the said priory of Pittenweem or any other being in any benefice or annexed as is said for their times.
[1479/10/11]
James, by the grace of God king of Scots, to all good men of all his land, clergy and laymen, greeting. Know that, whereas previously - being in our perfect and lawful age, in our full parliament held and begun at Edinburgh on 4 October 1479, with the consent and assent of the three estates of our realm gathered in our aforesaid parliament, in honour of almighty God and St Andrew the apostle, patron of our realm, and for the special favour we have for our same patron, also for the singular favour, zeal and love which we bear towards the reverend father in God William Scheves, archbishop of St Andrews, our intimately beloved counsellor, on account of his worthy, free and faithful services devoted to us in our tender age, and for a long time - on the seventh day of the said month of October, enthroned in the same parliament, we have confirmed, approved and ratified all and sundry of the infeudations, gifts and mortifications of all lands, annualrents and possessions, liberties and privileges, given and granted by us, or whomsoever of our predecessors, or by whatsoever devout persons, in the past to the see and church of St Andrews and its prelates; and all and sundry the charters and evidences of the same. And similarly with the consent and assent of the said three estates in our aforesaid parliament, we have given our consent, and have approved, ratified, and confirmed all annexations, unions and gifts given in the past by our most holy father the pope, and by us and our predecessors, or by whomsoever other persons, of whatsoever lands, rents, possessions, regalities, royalties, churches, benefices religious or otherwise, and of all indults, liberties and privileges given and granted to the said see and prelates of St Andrews, and especially the indult granted and given by our late most holy father Pope Nicholas V to the reverend father in Christ James Kennedy, bishop of St Andrews, or to his successors and predecessors and to the see of St Andrews, concerning the confirmation of all abbacies and offices of prior, and abbots and priors, within the diocese of St Andrews, and the other privileges specified in the bull of the said most holy father pope Nicholas; and all other indults, liberties and privileges given and granted by our most holy father, the present pope, Sixtus IV, to the said most reverend father in Christ archbishop William, and to the metropolitan see of St Andrews. All and sundry which aforesaid gifts, infeudations and grants we have approved, ratified, mortified and confirmed, and by the presents approve, ratify, mortify and confirm, for ourself and our our successors, with the advice and consent of the three estates of our realm in our aforesaid parliament, for the reasons stated above, to the said most reverend father in Christ archbishop William, and to the metropolitan see of St Andrews, and to his successors the archbishops of St Andrews and metropolitans, perpetually. Having and holding all and sundry the lands, annuals, rents, possessions, liberties, privileges, regalities, royalties, annexations, unions, churches, benefices and indults and aforesaid concessions to the aforesaid most reverend father in Christ archbishop William, and to his successors the archbishops of St Andrews and metropolitans, in pure property as perpetual mortmain; and that as freely, tranquilly, fully, wholly, well and in peace, in and by all things, without any reservation or contradiction by us or whomsoever of our successors, as the charters, bulls, acts and evidences made thereon purport and testify, notwithstanding whatsoever inhibitions made or to be made in future by acts or statutes of parliament contrary to the aforesaid gifts and confirmations. Reserving to ourself and our successors only the offering of the devout prayers of the said archbishop of the see and metropolitan church of St Andrews and his successors. In witness whereof we have ordered our great seal to be affixed to the present charter of confirmation and mortification. And in more evident witness of the foregoing, the seals of diverse reverend and venerable fathers in Christ the bishops, abbots [and] priors; and of our cousins, the earls, barons, freeholders, peers and commissioners of the burghs of our realm, gathered in our said parliament, have been appended. At Edinburgh, 9 July 1480, and in the 20th year of our reign.
[1479/10/12]
James, by the grace of God king of Scots, to all good men of all his land, clergy and laymen, greeting. Know that we have fully understood a certain charter of our late father - God rest his soul - under his great seal, to the church of St Andrews and the prelates thereof, with the advice, consent and deliberation of the three estates of our realm, made in the time of our late uncle, the reverend father in Christ James Kennedy, bishop of St Andrews, confirming all the lands and gifts earlier granted by our predecessors to the church and the bishops of St Andrews, and especially concerning the lands, rents, possessions, liberties and privileges below-written ([which charter], seen, read, inspected and diligently examined at our command, [was] sound, whole, not razed, not cancelled, nor suspect in any of its parts), in this form:
James, by the grace of God king of Scots, to all good men of all his lands, clergy and laymen, greeting. Know that - in praise of God and to the glory of his blessed mother, and to the honour of all saints, and especially of the blessed Andrew, brother of the chief of the apostles [and] patron of our kingdom; and for the exaltation and solace of the church of St Andrews, and the comfort and especial support of its prelates, the bishops; and for the augmentation of divine worship, because of the birth of our eldest son within the place and chief messuage of our same patron, [a] fortunate [event], by the favour of divine clemency, pleasing and joyful to us and to our realm's inhabitants of both sexes, which, with God's favour, has also achieved the assured future and lineal succession of our royal majesty, and brought us most pleasing advancement in the world; and on account of the welcome offices rendered to us many times by the reverend father in Christ James Kennedy, bishop of St Andrews, our dearest cousin - we have, with the advice and the full and mature deliberation of the three estates of our realm, ratified, approved and, for ourself and our heirs and successors perpetually, confirmed all and sundry the gifts and grants hitherto made by our predecessors to the church of St Andrews and the bishop of the same church on and about the below-written lands, formerly given and granted by our predecessors to the said church and bishop in mere, free and special regality or royalty, namely the lands of St Nicholas of Kinkell, Kingask, Byrehills, Falside, Kylmonane, Kenlochquhy, Peekie, Bonnytown, Balkaithly, Dunino, Stravithie, Beley, Pittarthie, South Kinaldy, North Kinaldy, Gilmerton, Balrymonth, Easter Carngour, Lamboletham, Priorletham, Newgrange, Langraw, Balrymonth Wester, Kilrenny, Innergellie, Invary, Kilconquhar, Balbuthie, Pitcorthie, Muircambus, Aithernie, Letham, Balcormo, Baldastard, Balmain, Scoonie, Balbeth, Mountfleurie, Leven Bridge, Methil, le Hach, Torre, Crannoch, Cavill, Binns, Urwell, Lathockar, Muirton, Lathones, Radernie, Cameron, Feddinch, Cairns, Ballochin, Strathkinness, Wilkieston, Greigston, Drumcarro, Ladeddie, Kininmonth, Baldinnie, Ardhu, Claremont, Magask, Over Magask, Nether Clatto, Balgrise, Stration, Kincaple, Newton, Nydie Easter, Nydie Wester, Kinnaird, Kemback, Blebo, Myreton, Dairsie, Craigfoodie, Middlefoodie, Westerfoodie, Fingask, Burchle, Newmill, Ballas, Kilmany, Friarton, Kirkland of Leuchars, Forgan, Priouris Kynmuk, Le Chawmeris Kynmuk, Monimail, Lathane, Cunnoquhie, Muirton in Leuchars, Colluthie, Auchtermoonzie, Berelais, Carnie, Auchterutherstruther, Cragroyihill, Tarvit, Nether Tarvit, Gladney, Kirkforthar, Balmaken, Balmungy and Machrise. Moreover we have granted, and by the tenor of our present charter grant, to the said reverend father in Christ and his successors, the bishops of St Andrews, that in future they have, hold and possess their below-written lands in mere and special regality or royalty, namely the lands called Byschapis Schire, Mukart Schire, Scotscraig and the Ferry, Petcunty, Muirfield; and the lands of the priory of Pittenweem, namely Pittenweem, Little Anstruther, Falside, Lingo, Pittotar, Grang[muir] Bridge and Grangemuir lying within the sheriffdom of Fife, and the lands of Easter Rhynd and Wester Rhynd lying within the sheriffdom of Perth; which aforesaid lands by the tenor of this charter we annex, incorporate and unify perpetually to the aforesaid regality of St Andrews. Having and holding all and sundry the aforesaid lands, with pertinents, to the said reverend father in Christ James, bishop of St Andrews, and his successors, the bishops of the church of St Andrews, in one, mere, free and special regality or royalty, in perpetuity to be called the regality of St Andrews, with the four points or pleas appertaining to our royal crown, of us, our heirs and successors in fee and heritage perpetually, according to all their right, ancient and devised marches, as they lie in length and breadth, in woods, plains, muirs, marshes, roads, paths, waters, ponds, streams, meadows, grazings and pastures, mills, multures and their sequels, hawking, hunting, fishing, peat-muirs, turbaries, coal-mines, quarries, stone and lime, smithies, maltings, heath and broomlands, doves, dovecots, with common pasture, with courts and their issues, heriots, blood-wits and merchets of women, with justice and chamberlain ayres and escheats and issues, amercements and profits of the same, free forest and warren, with usual and customary parliament, and minting, with pit and gallows, sok, sak, toll, theame, infangthief, outfangthief, hamesucken, fees, forfeitures, wrack and wair; with tenants, tenandries and the services of freeholders; and also with all and sundry their liberties, profits, easements and just pertinents whatsoever, whether not named or named, appertaining, or in future, in whatsoever manner, coming justly to appertain, to free regality or royalty, by law or custom of our realm; and that as freely, tranquilly, fully, wholly, honourably, well and in peace, just as any regality or royalty within our realm is granted or given by us or whomsoever of our predecessors in the past, or may be given or granted in the future, in any way more freely, more tranquilly, more fully, more wholly or more honourably. Moreover we approve, ratify and confirm, for ourself, our heirs and successors in perpetuity, whatsoever other regalities [and] lands previously given and granted by our predecessors to the said church of St Andrews, and any manner of gifts and grants, regalities, customaries, liberties and privileges, in all and sundry their manner, form, points and articles, to the aforesaid church and abovementioned bishop. And we wish the aforesaid gift, grant, approval, ratification and confirmation to be observed inviolably in all and sundry the aforesaid things, notwithstanding whatsoever grants or letters made by us or our predecessors contrary to the present letters, or to be made in future. Furthermore we wish that in future the inhabitants, tenants or renters of the said bishop's lands dwelling between the waters of Forth and Tay, or his goods, are not attached or arrested to whatsoever justice or chamberlain ayres, or to whatsoever courts, for whatsoever trespass or offence, other than to the ayres and courts of the said bishop; and that the abovementioned tenants and inhabitants are in no way compelled by us, our heirs and successors, nor by whomsoever others our officers, to pay tallages, taxes, exactions or burdens, or any secular service, so that the tenants and inhabitants of the said lands are free in perpetuity from whatsoever burdens, aids, imprests, tallages, taxations and contributions imposed on the other by us, our heirs or our successors. And we wish that our present gifts, grants, approvals, ratifications and confirmations are not revoked by us, our heirs and successors, or in any manner attacked in future, but are more strongly enforced, strengthened and defended by us, our heirs and successors. Rendering the aforesaid bishop of St Andrews and his successors for the aforesaid regality nothing other than the offerings of devout prayers. Witnesses: the reverend fathers in Christ William [Turnbull], John [Winchester], Robert [Lauder] and George [Lauder], the bishops of Glasgow, Moray, Dunblane and Argyll; the venerable fathers in Christ William [Bonar], prior of St Andrews, Archibald [Crawford], abbot of Holyrood and Richard [Bothwell], abbot of Dunfermline; our dearest cousin George [Douglas], earl of Angus; William [Crichton], lord Crichton, our chancellor and much-loved cousin; our dear cousins John [Stewart], lord Lorn, William [Hay], lord Hay, constable of our realm, Patrick [Graham], lord Graham, Duncan [Campbell], lord Campbell, Alexander [Montgomery], lord Montgomery, William [Somerville], lord Somerville, George [Seton], lord Seton, George [Leslie], lord Leslie, John [Lindsay], lord Lindsay of the Byres, Andrew [Gray], lord Gray, master of our household; Masters John Arous, archdeacon of Glasgow, and George Shoreswood, parson of Culter, our clerk. At Edinburgh, 14 June 1452, and in the sixteenth year of our reign.
This, our father's charter, in all its points and articles, conditions and modes, liberties and privileges and circumstances whatsoever, equally in form and effect in and by all things contained therein, with the advice and consent of the three estates of our realm in our parliament held at Edinburgh and begun on 4 October 1479 - in honour of almighty God and St Andrew the apostle, patron of our realm, and for the singular devotion which we have for our same patron, also for the singular favour, zeal and love which we bear towards the most reverend father in Christ William Scheves, archbishop of the metropolitan see of St Andrews, our intimately beloved counsellor, on account of his worthy, free and faithful services devoted to us in our tender age and for a long time - on the 7th day of the said month of October, enthroned in the same parliament, we have ratified, approved, and, for ourself and our successors, have perpetually confirmed and mortified, and by the presents ratify, approve, confirm and mortify, to the dear reverend father in Christ William Scheves, and to his successors the archbishops, and to the metropolitan church of St Andrews. And furthermore, with the advice and consent of the aforesaid three estates of our realm, for the reasons stated above, we have approved, ratified, mortified and confirmed, and by the tenor of the presents approve, ratify, mortify and confirm to the said most reverend father in Christ archbishop William, and to his successors and the metropolitan church of St Andrews perpetually, all and sundry the privileges, and all the liberties, charters, gifts, mortifications and infeudations, made and given by whomsoever of our predecessors to whomsoever of the predecessors of the same archbishop in all times past. Reserving to us and our successors, from the said archbishop of the see and metropolitan church of St Andrews, and his successors, only the offerings of devout prayers. In witness whereof we have ordered that our great seal be set to the present charter of mortification. And in more evident witness of the foregoing, the seals of diverse reverend and venerable fathers in Christ, the bishops, abbots and priors; and of our cousins, the earls, barons, freeholders, peers and commissioners of the burghs of our realm, gathered in our said parliament, have been appended. At Edinburgh, 9 July 1480, and in the 20th year of our reign.

[A1482/3/5]
Item, our sovereign lord and his three estates have in this present parliament approved, ratified and confirmed all the acts and statutes of parliament made previously touching the observation and keeping of the indult and privilege granted by our holy father the pope to the archbishop and see of St Andrews regarding the confirmation of election of abbots elect and postulates, which acts and pains contained in them shall also be extended to those who break them, who assist or aid, supply, finance or support it as on the principal. And also with extension of the same acts to all other places in the realm within the diocese that have been the custom, habit or possession of confirmation of elections, postulations of abbots, priors or priests in the past in the diocese. And similarly that all other privileges and indults previously given by our holy fathers the popes to our sovereign lord and his progenitors for the profit and value of their successors or people be similarly observed and kept in all points and articles contained in the same, in so far as shall be seen profitable to the good public of the realm and particularly by popes Celestine and Innocent to the kings of good mind William and Alexander, his progenitors, and that letters be written to our holy father the pope for this, and this to be extended by the cause as is contained in the act of parliament made thereupon previously.

[1483/3/46]
Judicial Proceedings
In the action and cause pursued by the most reverend father in God William [Scheves], archbishop of St Andrews, on the one part, against Master James Balfour, chancellor of Brechin, and David Fotheringham, on the other part, regarding the wrongful withholding of the teinds, fruits and profits of the priory of Restenneth, and of the oxen, cows and corns of the same priory, and certain other goods, both the said parties being present themselves and their procurators, and their reasons, allegations, proof and witnesses taken in the said matter heard, seen and understood, the lords auditors decree and deliver that the said Master James Balfour and David Fotheringham shall restore and return to the said most reverend father the archbishop of St Andrews 42 chalders of oats and 8 chalders of barley, spulzied and taken by them from the mains of the priory of Restenneth, as was sufficiently proved before the lords, and as to the cattle, furnishings and other goods contained in the act previously given by the lords of council, the lords appoint 14 June next, with continuation of days, for the said most reverend father to prove the said goods were taken and their value and quantity, and ordain him to have letters to summon his witnesses and the party to hear them sworn.

[1484/10/15]
Judicial Proceedings
The action and cause pursued by [Walter Monypenny], prior, and convent of St Andrews, on the one part, against David Monypenny of Kinkell, David Turnbull, David Dewar and George Broadfoot, on the other part, regarding the administering and conveying of the fermes, teinds, mails, profits and duties of the churches, lands and rents pertaining to the prior of St Andrews of next Whitsunday [22 May] and Martinmas [11 November] terms after the death of Dean William Cameron, prior of the same, and for the withholding from the said prior and convent of two silver basins, a ewer, a salt dish, a cover, two silver pieces totalling the sum of £160, and for the withholding and conveying of the household furnishings of the whole room and other office house of the said place with goods, jewels and ornaments pertaining to the said prior and convent totalling the sum of £100, as was alleged, is continued by the lords auditors until 14 January next, with continuation of days, with consent of party in the same form as it is now without prejudice of party, and both parties are summoned according to the act. And further, in the presence of the lords the said David Monypenny has promised and taken upon himself to cause [John Crambe], abbot of Scone to supersede and delay requesting payment of the sum of £100 owed to him by the said venerable father the prior of St Andrews until the said 14 January, despite [the fact] that the same sum should be paid at the next feast of the Nativity of our Lord [25 December], and if it is so that the session is not held but is continued on 14 January, the said David shall cause the request for the said sum of £100 [to] be superseded until the next session that [is] held or else shall pay the said sum of £100 himself, so that before the next session the said venerable father the prior shall be undisturbed for that sum.

[1485/5/14]
[…] the said commissioners shall show [Innocent VIII], our said holy father the pope, in the name of our sovereign lord, how his highness has written and made supplication many times both to our holy father and his predecessors for the promotion of his dear clerk and councillor Master Alexander Inglis, dean and [bishop-]elect of the bishopric of Dunkeld, to the bishopric of the same and do all their diligence possible for his said promotion; and also for the promotion of our sovereign lord's clerk and trusted councillor Master John Ireland, professor in theology, to the archdeanery of St Andrews, when it happens to fall vacant through the promotion of the said Master Alexander to the said bishopric of Dunkeld, and that they shall show and declare determinedly to our said holy father that our sovereign lord will not suffer Master George Brown or any others who have presumed to be promoted to the said bishopric of Dunkeld, in contradiction to our sovereign lord's intention, will and particular writing, to have any possession of the same. And that there be new special letters from our sovereign lord under the privy seal directed to our said holy father with the consent and decision of his three estates still as before for the promotion of the said Master Alexander and Master John as is said, and to retract and revoke the assumed promotion made to the said Master George. And further to make supplication to our holy father that as he has promoted reverend fathers Robert Blackadder to the bishopric of Glasgow, William Elphinstone to the bishopric of Aberdeen and John of Hepburn to the priory of St Andrews, who are satisfactory persons to our sovereign lord and of his special council and received and admitted by his highness to their temporalities, that therefore his holiness will defend them in [their promotions] if any persons would try to make trouble for them or may work against them.

[1485/5/16]
Also the said commissioners shall labour to get confirmation of all old privileges and indults previously granted to the see of St Andrews, with such other indults and privilege as may be obtained newly granted to the same see, for the honour and profit of our sovereign lord and the realm; and also that there be sought and obtained for all other bishoprics of the realm all indults that can be granted to the honour and profit of the seats and of our sovereign lord and the realm, as is said, providing always that no annexations nor unions be made to bishoprics or abbacies, pensions or commends in contradiction to the acts and statutes of parliament made previously.

[1485/5/18]
Also that there be letters of special supplication and request to [Innocent VIII], our holy father the pope, from our sovereign lord exhorting and praying his holiness to have consideration for the great trouble that has been made for the church of St Andrews and the great debt that the most reverend father William [Scheves], archbishop of the same, has already paid and is still owed to the chamber through the said trouble, and therefore to show him favour in the said debts, and also to grant him and his church such honourable privilege and indults as shall be shown and sought by him when he arrives at our said holy father's, and that the lords of the three estates write their letters of such similar supplication according to our sovereign lord's writing.

[A1493/5/7]
Item, regarding the indult, privilege and faculties granted by our holy father the pope in perpetuity for the sees of St Andrews and Glasgow, the bishops of the same sees and their successors, to confirm the elections of all abbacies within their diocese, as purported by the said bulls and faculties, and that the said abbacies confirmed by them shall not need provision from the court of Rome, it is decreed and ordained in this present parliament that the said indult, bull, privilege and faculties granted to the said sees to remain for perpetual memory be observed and kept in all things in the future, despite any alleged renunciation or resignation made in the court of Rome by any particular person, without the advice and decision of the king's highness and estates, since the said privileges were granted for the common good of the realm and the said sees and cannot be renounced or given up without the consent of the king and the three estates and the chapters of St Andrews and Glasgow. And similarly, all other privileges, indults and faculties granted to Glasgow and to all other bishoprics and prelacies of the realm be observed and kept that are for the public good of the realm. And that our sovereign lord allow none of his lieges to work or try against [this act].

[A1493/5/8]
Item, regarding the contention and plea now pending in the court of Rome between the [arch]bishops of St Andrews and Glasgow, the expense of which plea is an inestimable damage to the realm, for this reason it is thought expedient by the lords of the articles that the king's highness should write letters to both the said prelates exhorting and requesting them to leave their contentions, lawsuits and pleas against others now moved and pending between them in the court of Rome. And for the causes and motion of their plea, our sovereign lord shall cause to be seen and understood what is most profitable to be had and desired for the common good of the realm, and [he] shall send his letter to our holy father the pope conforming to it, just as shall be seen expedient by the king and his estates spiritual and temporal, and [he shall] command the party against to cease and to stop working against the thing which will be seen as profitable for the welfare and profit of the realm; with a warning to the said prelates that if they do not cease and leave the said pleas in the court of Rome and obey the plan and decision of our sovereign lord and his three estates, his highness will command and charge his lieges within his realm that none of them are to lend money or pay them fermes, rents or mails in order to sustain the said pleas and [thereby] exporting money from the realm. And similarly warning them that if any of them have in the past gone against the acts and statutes of this realm and the public good of the same, that he will have the one guilty of it become blamed, known and punished, as is fitting, according to the form and statutes of this realm.

[1546/7/69]
Judicial proceeding: sentence of forfeiture
On the which day, in presence of [James Hamilton, earl of Arran], my lord governor, and the three estates of parliament, Thomas Hall, dempster of the same, after the reading of an act of parliament made on 14 August instant where his grace and the three estates, for certain considerations moving them, for the time superseded the doom given upon Norman Leslie, fiar of the earldom of Rothes, being convicted by the judgement of parliament for the cruel and odious slaughter of the late David [Beaton], archbishop of St Andrews, cardinal legate and chancellor of Scotland, and of the taking and withholding of the fortalice and castle of St Andrews, contained in a summons of treason raised against him, until this day, as at more length is contained in the same, who gave doom thereupon as follows hereafter: This court of parliament shows for law and I give for doom that the said Norman Leslie, fiar of Rothes, has committed and done treason in the cruel and treasonable slaughter of the late David, cardinal of St Andrews, cardinal legate and chancellor of Scotland, representing our sovereign lady's person, of his causing, command, assistance and ratihabition in the month of May last within his fortalice and castle of St Andrews, and in the treasonable taking and holding of the said castle and fortalice of his own authority, without the command or consent of our sovereign lady and her dearest tutor, and thereby has incurred the horrible crime of treason and lese-majesty according to the acts of parliament, and therefore decrees all his goods, moveable and unmoveable, lands and other gear pertaining to him to be forfeited and confiscated to our sovereign lady's use, to remain with her grace perpetually in property, and his person to have incurred the pains of treason and death. And this I give for doom.
]]> [Stevenson, Documents Illustrative of the History of Scotland, ii, 280-1]

Boniface … to the dear son William Comyn our chaplain, provost of the church of Saint Mary in the city of St Andrews
Your petition shown to us stated that recently the church of St Andrews being vacant by reason of the death of William bishop of St Andrews and a day being set for the election of the next bishop, you, asserting that it was owed to you by reason of your provostship of the church of Saint Mary to have an interest in this election, sought to be admitted to the performance of this election. And because the chapter of the same church of St Andrews, in contempt of you, proceeding to the same election, elected our dear son master William de Lamberton chancellor of the church of Glasgow to the bishopric, you, appealing because of this to the apostolic see, finally after many disputes here and there at the said see, you, led greatly by our approach, agreed to renounce your appeal freely, so that the said church of St Andrews may not be subjected to misfortune for a long time by reason of its bereavement, saving the right which belongs to you and your successors as provosts of the same church of St Mary’s and to the church of St Mary’s itself, or which may then belong to them in the time of the election of a bishop of St Andrews to be conducted hereafter.
Because, we, to whom the care of all churches belongs in general, must therefore aid the same church of St Andrews, but we do not oppose the church of St Mary’s, even being inclined to your claim we wish and by the tenor of these present letters decree that, by the renunciation of these rights (as above) we do not prejudge them, indeed on the contrary you and your aforesaid successors may freely pursue and possess this right in seeking or in possessing as if the same had not be renounced.
Given at Rome, at Saint Peter’s, 7th May 1298

Letters of Pope Boniface VIII confirming the election of William Lamberton as Bishop of St Andrews (1298)
[Theiner, Veteri Monumenta, 165-6]

Boniface … to the venerable brother William de Lamberton bishop of St Andrews, greetings.
It is lawful that the care of the whole church from what belongs to the pastoral office belongs to our care, about this however, it is understood that we are more strongly concerned and we watch over with so much care those who are directly subjected to the Apostolic See, and bear more strongly the care of them, so that we think of their favourable state. Therefore they who lament the misfortune of bereavement arouse our special care so that suitable pastors of them are put first, so that by their efforts they light up spiritual things and are successful in increasing earthly ones.
For the church of St Andrews in Scotland being deprived of the solace of a pastor by the death of William Fraser of good memory, bishop of the same church, the dear sons of the chapter of the said church calling all who wished, ought and were able legitimately to take part, gathering in one body on the arranged day of election and deliberating concerning this on the way to proceed by the process of compromissus, they proposed unanimously and freely to provide in place of the church of the pastor full power to our dear sons John the Prior, John Mair and William Landon archdeacon, Adam the sub-prior, John Kayrer, Adam of Laurbeden and Thomas of Auchtermuchty, canons of the said church, appointing them to renew and retain their bishop and pastor that person whom they, or the greater part of them, appoint by election.
The same prior, archdeacon, sub-prior and canons, having received these powers, considering that since you, a man of great wisdom and discretion, and with knowledge of letters, being of honest life and commended by sober manners would be able to cause an increase in the honour of the said church, they appointed you, then the chancellor of the church of Glasgow, by their vote: And the said prior from the power resigned to him and the aforesaid archdeacon, sub-prior and canons by the chapter, elected you as bishop and pastor of St Andrews by the consent and commission of the said archdeacon, sub-prior and canons, and this election being solemnly announced by the said prior, the said chapter unanimously approved it.
And you, consenting to the said election in proper time, on account of this came to the Apostolic See, and both you in person and the aforesaid prior and chapter, through their specially appointed procurators and envoys, John called Rufus, Martin de Ketketon and Thomas of Auvhtermuchty, presenting us the election decree, beseeched us humbly that we might confirm this election.
We, therefore, having the proofs of this, had them diligently examined, and because we found the election to have been carried out canonically by suitable persons, by apostolic authority and with the brothers of our council we made this to be confirmed…
Given at Rome at St Peters, 15th Calends of July, the fourth year of our Pontificate (1298)

Extract from the articles propounded against the Bishop of Saint Andrews (August 1306)
Articles propounded against the bishop of St Andrews concerning the counsel, assent and adherence performed by him to Robert Bruce in his rebellion against the king of England.
Then after the bishop of St Andrews who then was had died and the people of the land of Scotland by the council and prompting of the prelates and clergy of the same land made to raise war with William Wallace, then rebel and enemy of our lord king and chieftain and governor of the people of Scotland who then were against our lord the king, their liege lord in whose homage and loyalty they had been bound by their letters and instruments public on these acts: there, where the chapter of St Andrews had elected master William Comyn, who the whole time held to the faith of our lord the king and of his friendship: William Wallace and his adherents and enemies of our lord king, to whom the said master William Lamberton had given his adherence against his oath and his allegiance: by force and constraint made them elect him bishop of St Andrews without licence sought and without the assent of our lord king as was appropriate behaviour from the right and according to the usage of the kingdom in prejudice of him and right of the crown and by such an election he was made bishop, entering and occupying the temporalities of the said bishopric and since then he has held them, from which many evils have happened.
Thus, when our lord king had discomfited his enemies so that all those of the said land of Scotland, who had been raised in war against him as aforesaid, were coming to him as their liege lord and rightful king of Scotland and had placed themselves high and low in his grace for their trespass aforesaid: then the said bishop of St Andrews came to Stirling willingly and of his free will (on) the 4th day of May the year of grace 1304 and of the king’s reign 32nd and asked him for his grace and received it kindly and thus the said bishop did another time swear fealty to the king of England aforesaid as to his liege lord and righful king and lord of all Scotland and the said bishop then swore on the body of Jesus Christ and on the Holy Evangelists and on the Cross Neith and the Black Rood of Scotland loyally to hold and keep his said faith from the hour forwards to our lord king and his heirs king of England as fully contained in letters and in instruments.
The day following this said fealty, when the said bishop of St Andrews was addressed by our lord king of England that he had occupied the said temporalities of his bishopric without licence and assent of him in great prejudice of the right of his crown as aforesaid and took from that time the issues and levies of the said bishopric, because he was not properly consecrated, recognised by mouth and by his writing sealed with his seal the said challenge of our lord the king to be true for which he put himself high and low at the will of our lord the king to answer to him for the said issues and levies and to be ready concerning this at his (the king’s) ordinance at whatever time that he (the king) wished to speak to him as stated by his said letters and public instruments done on this.
After this when the king had established all the lands of Scotland to peace, and had put and assigned certain justiciars and guardians to keep the peace, and had retained the bishop in his council and had made him chief of these guardians ... and Robert de Bruce was raising himself by treason against his sovereign lord the King of England ... and had murdered John Comyn lord of Badenoch ... because John would not assent to the treason which Robert planned against the King of England; to rise up and make himself King of Scotland by his power, and had taken the castle of Dumfries and imprisoned the king's justices and ministers, and from there went to Scone ..., then the said Bishop of St. Andrews knew all the plots of Robert Bruce, even on the day he was with the king's council at Berwick to give advice about the crime done by Robert Bruce, ... and on the king's business in Scotland. He left them at night to go to Scone and honour Robert on the day he was crowned and called King of Scots.
When the Bishop of Saint Andrews was going and holding with the Earl of Carrick, he saw the power which the king assembled in Scotland and, perceiving that the king's enemies would be unable to maintain their foolish and wicked enterprise long, he surrendered to Sir Aymer de Valence, the lieutenant of the king in those parts ... and asked that for certain business touching his church ... he be given leave to go and return after a short time. Sir Aymer, thinking that he would be loyal, suffered him to go, and the bishop, going to his men, men-at-arms as well as footmen, brought them to the Earl of Carrick to help him in battle with Sir Aymer.
And for this Most Holy Father, that the said bishop bears himself wickedly against our lord the king of England in many ways as said above and especially that he was sworn to be of the council of our lord the king and was made chief guardian of his land of Scotland.
Thus Holy Father at the time of the dismissal of the said bishop of St Andrews, master William Comyn brother of the earl of Buchan, who well and loyally holds to the faith of our lord king was elected by the chapter of the said church, and William Wallace who then was chieftain and governor of the people of Scotland who were rebels and enemies of our lord the king by force and against his will made William de Lamberton, then chancellor of Glasgow, to be elected as bishop of the said church … and if he would please you, in place of him, to make the said William Comyn bishop who has well and loyally held to the faith of our lord the king for which it is clear that he will be profitable for the estate of the church and the peace of the land also.

Summary of the Jurisdictions around St Andrews from the Sixteenth Century Black Book
Decision in the dispute between the Culdees and the Bishop concerning the Jurisdiction of land made through Thomas Randulph warden on this side of the Scottish Sea 1309
In the register of the Monastery of St Andrews were clauses concerning conferences held and concluded on a certain matter in dispute in which it was decided concerning the jurisdictions of the regality of the episcopate of St Andrews dated A.D. 1309
And it was found and in due and proper form made public that within the Boar’s Chase (Cursus Apri) there are but three baronies, to wit, the barony of the Lord Bishop of St Andrews, the barony of the Lord Prior of St Andrews, and the barony of the Culdees, which baronies with their inhabitants are held immediately of the Bishop of St Andrews and his Church, and of no other. Whence, by reason of the said holding, the foresaid baronies, as much by law as by established custom, are held bound to give suit and attendance at the Court of the said Lord Bishop and there to be concerned with … as well as the carrying out of other judicial acts concerning condemned persons.
Further it was found that if any judgement within the court of the lord provost of the Culdees or of any barony within the Boar’s Chase is challenged by anyone, the same is to be appealed to the court of the lord bishop, and there judgement is to be determined and declared.
Further it was found that if anyone inhabiting the said baronies has been seized outwith the Boar’s Chase either by bailies of the lord king or by others, he shall be claimed and repledged to the regality of St Andrews only by the justiciar of the Lord Bishop or his servants and not by any bailies of the said baronies.
Moreover it was found and in due and proper form on the said day proclaimed that the Lord Bishop or his justiciar has the power of making investigation in all pleas of the king’s crown and concerning life and limb in the Boar’s Chase and what is more, that out of a plenitude of kingly power the Lord Bishop may, within the Boar’s Chase, give life and limb to the condemned.
[Calendar of St Andrews Charters, SAUL B65/22, no. 4]

Letters of Visitation by William Bishop of St Andrews (1369)
Letters of visitation by William bishop of St Andrews to the abbot of Scone and to the prior and convent of the same, recording that on occasion of his visitation of their monastery made on the 23rd day of October in the year of our lord 1369 he has ordained as follows, viz:
That divine service should be daily and piously observed at regular and accustomed hours by night as well as well as by day and that the Prior and other monks appointed to discharge duty should be present at morning mass and other hours unless excusably prevented, also that all canons, priests should, as often as they can , perform their masses and if any of them should omit doing so for more than three days, enquiry should immediately be made by the Abbot or Prior as to the cause of their absence from mass so long.
Also that due silence in fitting times and places and other regular lawful and usual observances should be maintained.
Also that the Abbot should give up a Statement and Account within the next six weeks of his office of Treasurer from the time when he intromitted (entered office) and that within the same time all other monastic officials should render accounts of their offices as is the custom elsewhere.
Also that the Abbot should commit the office of Treasurer to any Canon who seems competent to discharge that office, but that he may nevertheless appoint as his assistant any canon, instructing and informing him as to the things pertaining to that office, so that the Abbot himself may to that extent be relieved of that burden, and have leisure to attend to the government of his monastery.
Also that a plurality of offices should not be conferred on any one person when one person is scarcely able to rightly fill one office, and especially that the office of victualler should be deputed to one who is able to give daily attention to it.
Also that order be taken regarding the fabric and repair of the church and buildings and that necessary artificers and workmen be employed for this purpose.
And finally in order to avoid scandal, that women stay not continuously within the walls of the monastery, and especially that they be removed and kept at a distance from the sick ward and surgical chamber so that the sick may be able to have their bed chamber, their usual recreations and their proper and accustomed comforts without suspicion of evil.
The forgoing ordinance for the improvement of divine worship and the amelioration of their own condition and that of the monastery he enjoins to be in all points implemented and firmly observed by the Abbot, the Prior and the Convent under canonical penalties, and that these letters should be presented to him at his next visitation.
Given under seal at the place and date foresaid.

[National Archives of Scotland, RH6/150]

Confirmation of a charter of Bishop Wardlaw to his constable
The king (James II) confirmed the charter of Henry Bishop of St Andrews which, with the consent of his chapter, granted to John Wemyss of Kilmany for his loyal council and help to the said bishop and performed and to be performed to the church of St Andrews by him and his successors in posterity, and to Janet Wardlaw his wife; the office of constable of the castle and city of St Andrews with the land of Muirton and Achokyre in the regality of St Andrews. Being held by the said John and Janet and the longer living of them and their legitimate heirs procreated between them, failing which the male heirs of the said John whoever, from the the said bishop and his successors. Making and upholding to the said bishop and his successors all the labours which are known to pertain to the said office, for all other services etc.
Witnessing the which (the bishop’s charter): Malcolm Fleming lord of Cumbernauld, Master John Scheves doctor of decreets and official general of the diocese of St Andrews, John Lumsden sheriff of Fife, John Carmichael nephew of the said bishop, Dominus William Wishart his chamberlain, Dominus William Cairns his chaplain and vicar of Glamis; with the seal of the bishop and with the seal of the said chapter.
[The king’s charter dated 10th August 1440]
Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, ii, no. 244

Charter confirming the ‘Golden Charter’ to the Bishops of St Andrews
The king (James III) confirmed the charter of King James II which with the consent of the three estates of his kingdom and on account of the deserving loyalty of James Kennedy bishop of St Andrews his cousin performed on many occasions, confirmed all earlier gifts made by his predecessors to the church of St Andrews and the bishop of the same church in perpetuity and gave the lands underwritten and others from his predecessors in free and special regality; viz – the lands of St Nicholas of Kinkell, Kingask, Byrehill, Fauside, Kilmonane, Kenlochquhy, Putky, Bonyngtoune, Balcaythly, Dunenoch, Stravethy, Balaly, Petarthy, Kynalldy-suthir, Kynaldy-northir, Gilmourtoune, Balrymont-Estyr, Carngoure, Lambeislethin, Priourislethin, Newgrange, Langraw, Balrymont-Westyr, Kylrynny, Invergelly, Invary, Kynlonchare, Balbuthy, Petcorthy, Murecambosse, Athirny, Lathame, Balgormo, Baldastard, Balmane, Scuny, Balbethe, Monfloure, Levynnis-brig, Methkyll, le Hache, Torre, Crannoch, Cavill, Bynnis, Urwell, Lathokir, Muretoune, Lathone, Raderny, Camerone, Fedynche, Keyrnis, Ballochin, Strakynnes, Wilkynston, Greigstone, Drumcarach, Lawdeddy, Kynninmonde, Baldunny, Arnydy, Claremounthe, Malgask-uvir, Malgask-nethir, Clattow, Balgrife, Stratirne, Kyncapill, Neutoune, Nydy-estyr, Nydy-westir, Kynnarde, Kenbak, Blabo, Myretoune, Deresy, Crag-fudy, Mydil-fudy, Westyr-fudy, Fengask, Burchle, Newmyll, Ballase, Kylmany, Freretoune, Kirkland of Luchris, Forgund, Priouris Kynmuck, Monymeyll, Lathane, Cunyochy, Muretoune-in-Luchris, Culluthy, Owthirmunsy, Berelais, Carny, Outhirrudirstudyr, Cragroyhill, Tarvat, Nethir-Tarvat, Gledny, Kyrkforthir, Balmalkyn, Balmungy and Machrise: furthermore it is granted to the said bishop and his heirs as he had, held and possessed his lands written here in special regality, viz the lands called Byschapis-schire, Muckart-schire, Scottis-crag and le Fery, Petcunty, Murefeld and the lands of the priory of Petynweme, viz Petynweme, Litill-Anstrudir, Fauside, Lyngow, Pettotyr, Crangbregis, Gradn-mure (sheriffdom of Fife) and the lands of Estir-Rynde and Westir-Rynde (sheriffdom of Perth); the which lands are incorporated into the regality of St Andrews. Being held in one special regality or regalia, called the regality of St Andrews in perpetuity with the four points and pleas of the crown; and furthermore the king willed that the tenants or renters of the said bishop and their goods dwelling between the waters of Forth and Tay should only be arrested in the ayres of justiciar and chamberlain in the courts of the bishop and in no way should they be brought together to pay royal taxation or tallage and he willed that the present donations should not be revoked by the king or his successors but they should defend the said powers and nothing else. (Owing) nothing except the saying of devotions and prayers for the king, his predecessors and successors
[King James II’s charter granted at Edinburgh, 14th June 1452]
Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, ii, no. 1444

Extracts from the Rental of the Archbishop of St Andrews (1543-1545)
Account of Master Bernard Bailie rector of Lamington and Chamberlain, rendered at St Andrews, Wednesday 13th May 1545; involving arrears of Master Alexander Kinninmonth’s account (6th March 1543) and his own receipts and expenses (1543-4)

Discharge
Cutting and winning hay of Radernie, £4; of Monimail, 20s; fermes of the ward of Inchmurdoch in the Cardinal’s hands, 13s 4d; repair of dykes thereof, 5s; …
Fee of the gardener of Monimail, 20s; also of the gardener of St Andrews Castle, 40s; of Ambrose Skyrling, janitor of the outer gate of the castle, 40s; of the watchman, 20s; of the sergeants or officers of Monimail, Scotscraig and Byrehills (40s each); also Byschopshire and Mukartschire (26s 8d each), Angus (£3 6s 8d), Keig and Monymusk (£3), Dairsie (50s), Stow (£3), Kyrkliston (53s 4d) – £17 3s 4d

(Fee) of the laird of Lochleven bailie of Byschopshire and Mukartschire, £10; of Alexander Jardine, head cook, £6 13s 4d; … Sir Henry Balfour, to pay a Frenchman for 73 beche schulis and 6 stones 13 pounds of towys (cordarum) for work at the castle (as per the precept, St Andrews, July 23 1544) £5 1d; Alexander Myllar, fishermen in Pittenweem, for freight thence to St Andrews of 20 chalders of lime for the castle (as per the quittance of Sir Henry Balfour, one of the masters of work, St Andrews, June 19, 1544), £6
Sir Henry Balfour, iron and other materials (£5 8s 9d) to Master Wolf, gunner, to make a moyane culverini, fee of Robert Smyth and two servitors (£3 6s) working for 3 weeks, and a payment to Balfour himself (44s), in the castle garden … £10 18s 9d
To Sir James Bickerton, master of work for the castle … £159 3s 6d …
To Sir Michael Hog, almoner, for the poor from 19 Dec 1543 to 19 Aug 1544 inclusive … £33 4s
To Archibald Campbell burgess of Dundee to buy certain puncheons of wine for the Cardinal’s use in St Andrews Castle … £110
Wages of household servitors of the Cardinal with their horses remaining outside the household from 9 Feb to end of that month 1543, from 10 March to 2 April 1544 and on to 8 … £336 18s
To Alan Couttis for the expenses of the Cardinal and household from 10 March 1543 to 19 July 1544 … £583 14s 3d
Fee of William Murray the household cook … 33s 4d
Fee of Robert Hall, cook serving in the Cardinal’s kitchen, 28s
To Alexander Gibsoun, cook and keeper of the capons and poultry, £3 6s 8d; Fee of Walter Hervey, keeper of the hall pewter, 20s; Of Rutlege and Troilles, kitchen boys, 30s
Alexander Naper, saddler in St Andrews by mandate of Robert Lindsay, master of the stable to purchase necessaries for the horses and stable … £32
Master Andrew Oliphant … purchase of 132 chalders of lime in June and July 1544 for the castle (bought in Wemyss, Crail and St Andrews) … £98 11s 10d
To Robert Hall in Kinghorn, 14 chalders of coal for the use of the Cardinal in the castle … £25 4s
To John Beton of Balfour, captain of the castle, for the fabric thereof … £325 15s
Andrew Moncrieff, the Cardinal’s servitor, sent from St Andrews to Stirling and Hamilton by mandate … 22s
Master John Meffen to wash the ornaments of the altar of the chapel of St Andrews, also for bread and wax candles … 24s
Robert Boswell for hire of horses to conduct Andrew Leslie son of the earl of Rothes from Edinburgh to St Andrews … 22s
Drinksilver to a servant of the provost of St Andrews presenting a horse to the Cardinal 22s
Robert Boswell for hire of a horse from Stirling to Castle Campbell and for expenses of conducting an Italian auditor to Lindores 44s
An indweller in Muckhart to lead the way to Kincardine with the Cardinal 10s
Two servants sent from Kincardine to Doune Castle to bring back two silver flasks of the Cardinal, 22s
Robert Boswell to hire horses to bring the coffers of the Cardinal from Kincardine to St Andrews, 12s
Freight of materials for Master Wolf engineer from Limekilns to St Andrews to make guns, 44s
For the gardener of St Andrews monastery (14 Aug 1544) presenting artichokes to the Cardinal, 22s
A man bringing iron bullets from Dunbar Castle to St Andrews Castle, 44s; culveriners who came to be hired by the cardinal, 22s; 21 barrels of ale received from John Dikesone for the Cardinal and household in Edinburgh, £28; John Pardovane, George Hepburn and Thomas Davidson servitors remaining in St Andrews Castle, 34s; David Smyth watchman of the castle (Martinmas 1543 – Whitsun 1544), £6 13s 4d
Master John Arnott for gunpowder bought by him for John Beaton of Balfour captain of the castle … £28 6s 8d
Metals and other necessaries for Master Wolf, engineer, to make a culverayne moyane £134 11s 7d
Petty expenses of of Sir Andrew Myll, by boat from Edinburgh to St Andrews with the Cardinal’s great tapestries, £4 11s 8d; Expenses of James Symsoun sent from St Andrews to Leith to receive the Cardinal’s wine

Account of Master Robert Auchmouty, granitarius, rendered at St Andrews Castle, Wednesday 16th Sept 1545 …
210 chalders of coal put in the castle for the Cardinal, the captain and their households, from May 1543 to August 1545 … £404 15s 1d; For carters of St Andrews taking the coals from the harbour to the castle … £21 11s 6d; Servitors carrying them into the coal-house … £7 6d
Part of the expenses of the Earl of Arran’s eldest son, John Beaton of Balfour the captain, servitors, household and guards in the Cardinal’s absence, paid by the accountant to William Patterson, provisor at the castle (April 1544-August 1545), £351 7d
To Sir James Bickerton, master of works at the castle, for the fabric at various times … £153 11s 8d
Clothes for the pages Claude and Guthrie, another little page named Prophet, and the servant of the Lord of Tullibardine detained captive in the castle for two years from 1 Nov 1543 … £35 5s 8d
26½ ells of white woollen cloth, coarse and broad, for 6 pairs of double blankets, and 52 ells of coarse linen for 6 pairs of sheets for the beds of the guards (castellanorum), delivered to John Beaton of Balfour … £7 7s 3d; 3 pairs of fine linen sheets delivered at Little Monimail when the Earl of Huntly was entertained there (which were not restored after his departure), 50s
Part payment to Robert Smyth in Argyle, working with Master Wolf the engineer, at the making of a gun in the castle … £3 6s

Rentale Sancti Andree 1538-1546, Scottish History Society (1913), 175-200
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]]> Concilia Scotiae: Ecclesiae Scoticanae Statutae tam Provincialia Quam Synodalia Quae Supersunt.]]> How the Conservator should be chosen
And we ordain firstly that every year the duty of preaching be laid on one of the bishops one after the other, to be performed at the next council by himself or by another to be proposed by him, beginning with the bishop of St Andrews; and that by choice of the others one of the bishops be appointed conservator of the statutes of the council; who shall hold his office from council to council and shall punish open and notorious offenders against the council or the transgressors of any decree passed at it, and shall effectually compel them to make due satisfaction by ecclesiastical censure as law demands.

[Constitutions of David, Bishop of St Andrews, 1242]
To the office of pastor it pertains, as concerns the state of the churches entrusted to him and the instruction of those under his charge, to take vigilant care that when called to given an account of the flock committed to him he may be able to give the Lord interest on his talent. Therefore it is that of the rules that have been made by the ancient fathers we recall some to mind at present, adding other anew, lest (which God forbid!) we should appear to treat our office lightly.

That churchyard be enclosed
As to the state of the churches, we decree that in the first place it be seen to that churchyards be suitably enclosed all the way round, so that no access be open to brutish and unclean beasts; for sacred places should be kept clean, and such as have been duly consecrated to God by bishops.

Of the enclosing of churchyards and the repairing and adorning of churches
We decree further that round about, as far as the chancels extend, churchyards be enclosed by the rectors, the remaining portion by the parishioners, unless the custom prevails that the whole of the churchyard be enclosed by the parishioners. Item that the churches be roofed, that the walls be unbroken and not ruinous, the windows of glass and unbroken – those round the chancel to be kept in repair by the rector, but let those round the church be put in order by the parishioners. Item that the clergy be compelled thereto by the suspension of their stipend until the necessary repairs have been made; the laity, by suspension of their church privileges. We direct further that every church or chapel able to support a priest have its own priest, and have a silver chalice; and to the purchase of the same,, and as well as for the other things necessary for the altar, whether in vestments or books or lights, let the rectors be compelled each by suspension of this benefice until out of their benefices the thing lacking have been purchased; and, once acquired, they are to remain the property of the churches. The flagons or cruets for keeping the wine and the water for the eucharist of the Lord should be of silver or of pewter; the sacrarium neat and undilapidated; let the font also be not of wood but of stone and of becoming appearance, and let it not be put to other uses.

That chrism, eucharist and fonts be secured with a lock
We decree also that in all churches the chrism, the eucharist and the fonts be kept under safe keeping, locks and keys being provided, lest some overbold hand may reach forth to them to the commission of abominable and unspeakable acts. But if he who has the charge of them has carelessly left them unguarded, let him be suspended from his office for three months; and if any sacrilege have thence arisen, let him underlie a more severe penalty.

Of the visitations of archdeacons
Further, we will that every church in our diocese be visited by our archdeacons or their deans every year, and all deficiencies in churches and churchyards, books and ornaments, be brought under our notice in writing; that whatever is to be put right may be put right in accordance with our instructions.

Of the life and good repute of the clergy
We decree furthermore that all the clergy, in whatever rank they be, and particularly those in holy orders who have the cure of souls, have their hair clipped all round, so that their ears be covered, and have large and seemly crowns [of hair]. That priests do not have capes with sleeves, or plaited capes, but round ones without sleeves; nor shoes nor sleeves decorated with laced-work. To this we add that all clerics, and particularly priests, unless when on a journey or under pressure of necessity, must not eat or drink in taverns or mix with open tipplers. Let them not play at dice or other games. And if on transgressors of this statute injury of the nature of the violent laying on of hands be in any way inflicted by laymen, let no hearing be given by the ordinary, but let the priests be suspended for three months. And especially we will and ordain that priests, who daily handle the flesh and blood of Jesus Christ, and where they are by their duty bound to administer whenever the occasion calls, shall not have wenches in their own or other people’s houses; but let their dwellings be clean and respectable. Nor let them even have kinswomen in their houses, unless they be such as no suspicion can arise about; but if they be disposed to make provision for such, let them do so in places far removed from themselves and beyond suspicion. Let no-one, moreover, receive in his house, entertain or keep a priest’s wench or concubine. But is any one transgress this statute, let him be held bound by the church to give condign satisfaction, and be otherwise punished at the discretion of the judge, so that temporal punishment may at least deter from sin those whom the fear of God does not restrain from evil.

Of the wenches or concubines of clergymen
We decree that after this whatever priest be found to keep a wench or a common prostitute and, after having been once fined in proportion to his means, be convicted of returning to her or to another such-like woman, or be unable to clear himself when common report charges him therewith, we will that such one be thenceforth suspended by our authority without hope of pardon. Let priests beware of having carnal knowledge of their woman-penitents, and offence for which the canon inflicts a penance of fifteen years and thereafter seclusion in a monastery; for they sin no less heinously than if they were carnally to know those to whom they acted as godfathers. And because it behoves us sometimes to devise new remedies, we enjoin further that priests’ concubines be not admitted by any church to the kiss of peace or the holy water. And if they remain in the priests’ house till their death, let them be refused Christian burial; and if the priests die first let the concubines receive nothing from their wills. Further, let a priest’s concubine obtain nothing in consequence of his promise made to her for the dishonour done to her body. Item let no priest admit a priest’s concubine to penance unless she resolve to forsake her sin – for sin should never be forgiven unless it is first forsaken; and this rule is to hold good in the case of any one openly living in a state of mortal sin.

Of the celebrations of masses
Item the utmost care must be taken that in the consecration of the body and the blood of our Lord water be added in so moderate a quantity that the wine be not absorbed by the water but the water by the wine. But let the wine be not absorbed by the water, but rather the water by the wine. But let the wine used be red rather than white; in white wine, however, there is valid consecration. Let priests beware that the wine be not turned to vinegar or mouldy; and be particularly careful not to celebrate with vinegar, since vinegar has lost all the substantial properties. Let the host be made of pure wheat, round and entire and spotless, because the Lamb of God is without spot and not a bone of him was broken. Once a day in every church before the Pax Domini is said in any mass, whether it is for the dead or any mass, led there be said, with prostration and the ringing of the bell, the prayers for the remission of sins: Paternoster, Deus venerunt, Levavi, and the collects for the king and the bishop, and for the troubles and perils of the church; and when these have been finished let there be said Kirieleyson thrice, Paternoster…et de nos; afterwards these prayers, Exurgat Deus, Dominie salvum me fac, Fiat pax; the collect Deus in cujus, and in that collect let there be added ‘for our king and queen and their children’; the collect Deus qui caritatis dona; the collect Ecclesie tue quesumus Domine preces etc. Now when the celebrant has come to the participation of the body and the blood of our Lord, if he must celebrate a second time on the same day – which it is not lawful for any priest to do unless there is an urgent necessity – let him not take the wine, or the water which after the consecration is poured out to rinse the chalice; for by every kind of meat or drink is his fast broken, so that on that account he could not celebrate. Let him pour that rinsing of the chalice into some clean and seemly vessel set apart expressly for this use and no other, and let him take it after his second celebration. But if some boy or other be present of whose piety the celebrant has no doubt, he may safely give the aforesaid ablutions to him.

Of the same
Item let no celebrant elevate the host, but let him keep it in front of his breast, until those words are finished: ‘This is my body’. Item we forbid any priest to serve two churches. Item let the parish priest not celebrate masses for the dead on receipt of or in hope of payment. Item, if it has been entrusted to anyone, as executor, to have masses said for the living or for the dead in any particular manner, or to select one priest rather than another for celebrating in the said masses, let him not receive any kind of remuneration.

Of the reservation of the eucharist and the visitation of the sick
We further decree that when in cities, burghs, and castles the eucharist is brought to the sick it be placed in a clean and befitting pyx and that the pyx itself be placed in a chalice of pewter if such is possessed, and that it be wrapped in a clean linen cloth: and proceeded by a lantern, cross and holy water let the priest, clad in surplice, if the weather permit, holding the pyx aloft in a solemn and reverent manner, go in the procession to the sick person, unless he is at a great distance: but otherwise let the eucharist be carried in a clean and seemly pyx enclosed in a box which may serve to protect the pyx from the inclemency of the weather. Let the host which is to be given to the sick be renewed every Lord’s day and put in a seemly and secure place. On other days, however, it may be renewed at need.

Of baptism and the form of baptising
Deacons cannot baptise and administer the sacrament of penance and let them not presume to minister the eucharist. In peril of death a deacon and even a layman will have power to baptise. Parishioners should be taught these things in church, and how baptism is to be administered under these words: ‘I baptise thee in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.’ For which reason the child who has in accordance with this canon been baptised in a critical emergency should not be exorcised. By no means let the priest supplement the last rites which in baptism precede the immersion but only those which follow. And we further enjoin that if there is doubt of any one’s baptism, he should by all means be baptised (for it cannot be said that the sacrament has been conferred once) with these words: ‘If thou hast been baptised I do not baptise thee, but if thou hast not been baptised I baptise thee in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.’

Of penance
To eradicate simoniacal corruption from the priesthood we further enact that on no layman in sickness or in health shall they enjoin masses for a penance. We order also that no priest receive another’s parishioner to penance unless by permission of his own priest. But if that parishioner ask to go to a more discreet priest, then let his own priest in kindness grant him permission. The parishioner must however in that case be careful not to divide his confession; but without his own priest’s permission let him go to no other. Moreover, let the priest explain that extreme unction makes nothing unlawful to the sick man after he receivers which had been lawful to him before he took ill. He should also explain that the said extreme unction can be repeated as often as may be required.

Of burial
Moreover, we will that if any one has been overtaken by sudden death he shall not lack Christian burial, unless he has died an excommunicated person or been killed in some deed in which he commits mortal sin. For with whom in life we are in communion, with him also in death we ought to be in communion.

Of matrimony
Marriage must absolutely not be contracted between persons who are unknown nor even between persons who are known, unless it has been preceded by a threefold solemn proclamation, as well of the man as of the woman, publicly made in the church on three Sundays.

Proclamation of excommunication to be made in churches four times in the year
Item we decree that solemn sentence of excommunication be pronounced in all churches on Sunday four times every year. Let a general excommunication be pronounced against all soothsayers, fire-raisers, forgers, professional usurers, robbers on the king’s highway; all who wittingly obstruct wills lawfully made; all laymen who withhold or seize, diminish or carry off unjustly teinds or lands or other privileges or possessions of the church; all witnesses who deliberately forswear themselves, so that through them some person loses any inheritance or ecclesiastical or secular benefice. Item that no priest without the advice of his bishop absolve such perjurers unless in peril of death. Item that the priest publicly warn his parishioners that no one under colour of a reprehensible custom which has long been prevalent, swear in concert with his neighbours against his conscience either through affection for another or through another’s bidding. Item that perjurers of this sort be not absolved without the advice of the bishop unless in imminent peril of death. Item that priests first and foremost admonish such of their parishioners as are open fornicators and persuade them to put away their strumpets. And if afterwards they return to them, that in the presence of at least three trustworthy witnesses summoned for the express purpose, an oath be exacted from the fornicators that if they thereafter have knowledge of their strumpets, they shall henceforth treat them as their wives.

Of residence
Item, that a parson or vicar do not leave his own parish and take up residence in burgh or town save on urgent occasion, or when a dispensation has been granted to him. That he who has been once admonished and does not return, be deprived of the revenues of his church for the space of four years.
That marriages or proposals not be contracted without witnesses
Item that no one contract marriage or betrothal unless in the presence of lawful witnesses, by whom the marriage can be proved should any doubt arise about it.

Of monks and canons-regular who are fugitives
Furthermore, for as much as we know of a certainty that many warnings have gone forth from our predecessors and from ourselves to the effect that if there are any monks or canons-regular who are fugitives in this archdeaconry, they return to the observance of their rules to which they are bound by their profession or in any other way: All these, therefore, we admonish anew that they abandon their apostasy and return to their monasteries, or at least seek from us warrants which will issue up till three months from the day of the promulgation of this statute in this archdeaconry: otherwise, let them know that they are thenceforth by our authority excommunicated. And that none may pleas ignorance, let this statute be published in every parish church in the next following Sundays.

That religious be not admitted for a stipulated sum
Item we decree that no monk or nun or other religious person be received into religion for a stipulated sum.

That clerics do not hold secular offices or carry on trades
Item we decree that clerics must not hold secular offices or engage in trade.

That churchmen do not write or dictate sentences involving bloodshed
Item we decree that no churchman dictate or write a sentence involving the shedding of blood

That rectors be resident or appoint vicars
Item we decree that all rectors either reside in their parishes or present vicars to a decent maintenance therein.

Of chaplains and deacons ordained in another diocese
Item we decree that no rector of a church in this archdeaconry keep any chaplain or deacon in the service of his church, even though he himself is sure about him, unless there be lawful evidence of his ordination and good behaviour, and even in that case let him present him to the lord bishop or to his officials; but if a chaplain or deacon be unknown, he shall in no wise be admitted to the exercise of his office in this diocese unless he have letters patent of recommendation from his bishop or his archdeacon, by means of which legitimate assurance may be had as to his ordination and good behaviour.

Of the changing of priests
Furthermore, whereas from the frequent changing of priests much expense and many disadvantages are occasioned to churches, we decree that when any one proceeds to arrange about a priest for his church he should procure for himself one whom he may be able to retain for a year at least; since if he must for any reason be removed at the end of the year or before that, he is to be dismissed and another put in his place only by the advice of our archdeacon or dean or officials; and this we design to be applicable to parish priests.

That churches or benefices be not let on lease
We further also enact that no one receive on any lease any church or living without our own or our officials’ assent; and that particularly that no one have two churches on lease without our authority or permission; and in especial that no layman receive a church on lease. Let a contract to this effect entered into between parties contrary to the tenor of this statute be held as of no effect: and let no hearing be given to those who make complaint of the non-observance of contracts of this kind.

That chaplains do not celebrate until they make their canonical obedience
Also, we forbid, on pain of anathema, any chaplain of a parish church who says mass for the dead, or resides with knights or any others, to celebrate in our diocese, until he makes his canonical obedience; and particularly let not those whose duty it is to say mass for the dead every day in the year bind themselves to perform a trental of masses instead of another.

Of residence and the ordination of vicars
Moreover, we reiterate what our venerable father Otho, by the grace of God legate of Scotland, lately decreed as to the residence and ordination of vicars, and decree that all vicars shall without excuse or exception reside in their parishes and receive holy orders in due succession, under the penalty inflicted in the same statute, which must be observed in both of its articles.

Of rectors
Wishing in our pastoral solicitude to provide for the visitation of churches, we ordain by statute that all rectors of churches shall within five years after they have been appointed to churches, take up residence in their cures as is the duty of pastors; public intimation being given in any parish in which they do not reside that their place of abode is in such and such a parish.

That rectors either have suitable priests in their parishes or be themselves ordained as such
Let the rector of every parish see to it that he has in his parish a priest who is capable, efficient and well-educated, or else declare that he is himself being ordained priest to minister in the same order in the parish.

That rectors be ordained
We decree that all rectors of parishes be at least in minor orders, the next in rank to holy orders without waiting for another admonition after the present one; as to those who do otherwise, let all to whose knowledge this statute shall come know that they are suspended from the revenue of the church, and are over and above liable to be deprived of their benefice.

Where confessions ought to be heard
Furthermore, we forbid confessions of women to be heard between the veil and the altar: they should be heard in another part of the church beyond earshot, but not out of sight of men.

Of the promulgation and observance of the foregoing statutes
We also enact in virtue of holy obedience that the foregoing statutes be published in every parish church without exception, and be carried out in their eternity by all. But let transgressors of these laws know that they will be compelled by ecclesiastical censure to render condign satisfaction: and if these foresaid statutes be not found in any parish of the archdeaconry within eight month from the day of the holding of this synod at Musselburgh, the Monday following the feast of the Invention of the Holy Cross in the year of grace 1242; we have decreed that the rectors of the same parishes, if present, or, if absent, their procurators, are thenceforward by our authority suspended from the revenue of their church.

[Synodal Statues of St Andrews, 14th Century]
We enact the synodal decrees which are hereinafter written:

That rectors possess the synodal decrees
We enact that there be no rector or vicar who does not possess all the synodal decrees and cannot read and understand them (since a consequence is that through their ignorance of them our officials and archdeacons are often put to trouble) and that they be brought every year to the synod and this we decree under a penalty of forty shillings.

That rectors and vicars be resident in their parishes
Item, we have statute that every rector or vicar or other holder of a benefice make personal and continuous residence in the place of his benefice, as the terms on which he holds it require: a rector to be fined in a sum of ten marks, a vicar and other beneficed persons in a sum of one hundred shillings.

Of the manses of the beneficed clergy
Item whereas by reason of the meanness of the houses we cannot be entertained in the benefices within our diocese, and in consequence cannot in our own person perform our official visitation or discharge the duties incumbent upon us in virtue of that office, we have decreed that every holder of a benefice shall against the next visitation make arrangements for building a manse according to the revenue of his benefice, so that we may, if need be, be accommodated therein, and his under a fine of a hundred shillings on every defaulter.

That churchmen put away their wenches or concubines
Item we will and ordain by statute that all and sundry rectors, vicars, and other beneficed persons lead a chaste life and out utterly away from them their wenches or concubines within three months from this date, and that so entirely that no sinister suspicion of incontinence may be cherished against them, under the pain of deprivation on offenders who have been thrice admonished; on those twice admonished, of ten merks, on those once admonished, of forty shillings and suspension from celebrating divine services.

That churchmen ordained without the diocese be not admitted without dimissory letters
We enact that no one from another diocese, especially a foreigner, be allowed to celebrate divine service unless he have letters giving sufficient proof as well of his orders as of his permission to leave the diocese, which shall have been approved by us or our official in synod or consistory. But any contravener we order to be fined in the sum of five merks, to be uplifted by our official and our deans and collectors of escheats

That no religious be engaged for a fee to celebrate without special license
We also decree that no religious be engaged for a fee to serve a cure or minister the sacraments of the church within our own diocese unless he has our special license, which ought to remain in writing in the possession of the said religious.

That no priest celebrate several masses a day
Also, inasmuch as certain priests looking more to gain than to piety, appropriate to themselves the salaries of many, though they can scarcely discharge the sacred obligations of one priest, by celebrating several masses a day – this we forbid to be done when there is no necessity of it. We have ordained that whoso transgresses be punished with a fine of one hundred shillings, to be applied to pious uses.

Item of the same
Item like a penalty must be inflicted on those who have persuaded their temporal lords, whether one or more, male or female, to sue for a permission to the contrary.

Of the hearing of the confessions of clerics
Item because by usage conform to the decisions of canon law no one can be judge in his own cause so far as to be allowed to choose a confessor without the permission of his superior; lest by reason of our neglect those under our authority should incur danger to their souls, we appoint the following, whose names are written below, to hear the confessions of cleric and to enjoin penances to the end of the year, for each of the deaneries, a, b, c, d, e, f, g.

That churches should have their full complement of clergy
We decree also that every church, oratory, or chapel in our see have its full complement of priests and clerics, so that divine worship may not be stinted in our times. Let him, moreover, who is negligent in the matter of this statute be canonically punished.

That priest must not celebrate in short tunics
We have furthermore decreed that no priest celebrate in a tunic so short that it does not reach beyond the knee, under a fine of ten merks, one half of which shall be given to the informer, and the other half applied to pious uses.

That rectors and vicars and parish-priests shall have seals
We furthermore enact that every rector or vicar and parish priest have a seal with his name inscribed on its circumference, so that the bishop and the archdeacons and their officers may be informed and certified as to citations and the execution of their other mandates, and this under a fine of half a merk on every defaulter.

That priests do not wear long knives which are called hangaris
Item we enact that no priest shall wear the long knife which is called a hangar, save when he is equipped for a journey, under the fine of half a merk.

That church-livings be not directly or indirectly leased to laymen
We enact that no rector or vicar or other cleric whatsoever, regular or secular, the possessor of a church living, shall presume to set or let his living on lease to laymen directly, or indirectly, with the help of a clerical person interposed so as to lend colourable and fraudulent appearance to the transaction. But if any one without our license first sought and obtained shall contravene each rule, let him be held liable to be deprived and actually be deprived of the fruits of his benefice for a whole year, and they shall be applied to building the fabric of the church of St Andrews.

That beneficed churchmen do not undertake the management of secular affairs
Item whereas some beneficed churchmen in our diocese, enslaved by the vice of avarice, address themselves to the employments of laymen, in consequence of which clerical credit is often injured; by statute we insist that no rector or vicar or any other churchman whatsoever who holds a benefice shall in any way be understood to manage any layman’s affairs, or shall hereafter presume to make intromissions as to which he will be held bound to render account; seeing that such administrations are utterly prohibited by the sacred canons. But let him who presumes to attempt the contrary underlie the penalty of deprivation, unless perchance the said business has been undertaken in virtue of our special license; the affairs of our lord the King, the Queen and their children alone being excepted.

Nuptials shall not be blessed unless preceded by banns
Still further, whereas the nuptials od some persons marrying contrary to the statutes of the canons have in times past been blessed by priests ignorant of the law, from whose action it is known that great scandal has arisen in the church of God; wherefore we statute and ordain that no priest shall dare to bless or take part in blessing within our diocese the nuptials of any persons of whatsoever rank or dignity they be, unless the banns have been first published and proclaimed according to the custom of the church; notwithstanding any assertion made by the parties in person or by proxy that they are ready to find a canonical pledge for indemnity, which canonical pledge we by the present statute repudiate and decree that it be in nowise accepted. But if any priest, unmindful of his own honour, shall dare to transgress this statute, not only shall he be ipso facto suspended from office without hope of favour, but he shall also lose all hope of preferment unless of our charity a dispensation be granted to him by us. And parties marrying contrary to this our statute shall underlie canonical punishment.

That espousals be not contracted without the presence of priests and witnesses
Furthermore, we decree that parties wishing to contract espousals, whether according to the formula for a union ‘at present’ or ‘in the future’, contract the said espousals in the presence of a priest and of trustworthy witnesses: and we further enjoin that on the next following Sundays and festivals they publish the banns according to the custom of the church, and that thereafter there follow, as quickly and conveniently as possible, the nuptial blessing , given not in private chapels and at night, but solemnly and publicly in their own parish churches; that those, moreover, who contract these espousals have meanwhile no carnal intercourse; but that, if any do so, they underlie canonical punishment as if they were fornicators.

That churchmen under accusation do not resort to laymen for succour
Item whereas some beneficed churchmen in our diocese, as we have learned by experience, careless of their own good name and enemies of their own good character; when about to be, by us and our officials, put under correction for their offences, following the examples of Judas, the despairing traitor, who, after he betrayed our Lord, turned not to the Apostles but to the Jews for counsel; resort to laymen and chiefly to those who are powerful, and return from them, as we have good reason to suspect, not without bestowing gifts to induce them to present supplications, on behalf of themselves and their possessions, to us and our officials, so that they may escape the punishment of their misdemeanours – yet surely not without disgrace to themselves; wherefore we prohibit this to be done in the future, and enact that if anyone be found culpable on this head he not only lose the benefit of such petitions as may have been made on his behalf, but also be held convicted of the offence with which he was charged, even although it has not been otherwise proven.

That excommunicates be not admitted to burial in a churchyard
Item we decree and by statute we forbid any one holding a cure in our diocese, by whatever title he may be rated, who has charge of Christian burial conducted by himself or another, to admit within his churchyard anyone who may have elected to be buried there whom he knows to have in life been excommunicated by canon law or specifically, in general or particular; unless he shall have sufficient evidence of his having been absolved by him who has the power to absolve. But let the contravener know that he will be ipso facto suspended from priestly functions for a year.

Of holding a consistory court once a year
We have also decreed, and by virtue of our episcopal authority ordained by statute, that all rectors, vicars, parish priests and other chaplains of churches officiating for the dead as well as in place of chaplains assemble once in the year, and in this case at our next consistory to be holden after Easter: to wit; those in the archdeaconry of St Andrews in the parish church of the same city, and those in the archdeaconry of Lothian in the church of St Giles in Edinburgh: to hear and receive from us or our official, or other person whom we have judged specially fit to represent us in this matter, our instructions how they should acquit themselves in the celebration of mass and the ministration of the sacraments of the church according to the statutes of the canons, and how they should likewise instruct their parishioners in those matters which concern the salvation of their souls.

Names of persons in every parish who stand in need of discipline are to be reported every year to the bishop in consistory
We statute and ordain that at the above-named days and places they bring in writing with them every year the names of all person in their parishes who need discipline, who are notorious, or about whom there is any public scandal; so that at our next visitation we may suitably reward them as good stewards for their faithful service, in faithfully reporting to us and vigilantly watching over the flock committed to them under us, or contrariwise if they have been negligent.

The names of all who die in every parish should every year be reported to the bishop in his consistory
Furthermore, also, we will and ordain that they [the clergy] bring with them in writing every year, as above, the number and names of all who die in their parishes, of whatever condition, or rank, or age they be, and who have dies testate or intestate, that thereby we may learn how the last wills of deceased persons, and especially in respect of their bequests to religious purposes, are having due effect given to them by the executors of the said deceased persons, or perchance by our officials as executors, if in any respect they have fallen short of their duty. Moreover, let whosoever has been a transgressor of this our statute in whole or in part, be fined, if a rector, forty shilling; if merely a vicar, twenty shillings,; if a parish priest, ten shillings; if merely a chaplain, six shillings and eight pence; unless there is legal proof of his labouring under a canonical impediment. Mow this our statute comes into force on the feast of our Lord’s Resurrection in the year of our Lord one thousand three hundred…

Of the obedience of clergymen
Item whereas obedience is better than sacrifice, and contumacy and disobedience are compared to the sins of witchcraft and idolatry, we enact that all clergymen who are contumacious to their bishops in their lawful and canonical commands, and who, having no clear and reasonable cause, refuse to obey, be suspended from office, and if their contumacy become aggravated, be punished with severer penalty.
A general excommunication
We excommunicate all those who dare maliciously to despoil churches of their rights or through ill-will strive to violate their immunities: also all ill-disposed invaders of church property: Item all who burn churches or houses in time of peace: Item all who deliberately withhold teinds: Item all who obstruct testament or matrimony lawfully made: Item all who counterfeit our lord the Pope’s briefs or our lord the King’s seal: Item all false coiners and clippers of money: Item all who give or procure poison to be given to anyone: Item all who wittingly bear false witness or procure it to be borne: Item all who substitute false heirs: Item all who put scandal maliciously on any man when he has not been chargeable: Item all common usurers: Item all sorcerers and all confidently believing in them: Item all who cast down their offspring at church doors or in other places: Item all who put hand on father or mother with evil intent: Item all who put violent hands on priest, deacon, or clerk in holy orders: Item all who take thieves from church or church sanctuary deliberately: Item all guilty of infanticide: Item all who falsely impute a child to another: Item all who hold intercourse with an excommunicated person or wittingly help him: All who, knowing they are suspended, celebrate mass: All guilty of simony as principals or proxies: All who desecrate church or cemetery in consequence of which it requires to be reconciled: All who succour the Saracens in arms or otherwise against Christians: All who favour heretics and who receive schismatics wittingly: All who go about at night for the purpose of stealing: Item all who trouble the peace of the king and most of all the peace of the church with evil intent: Item all who fix false boundaries wittingly: Item, all who withdraw from the unity of holy mother church.

Of the reconciliation of a church
Furthermore, we decree that when a church or churchyard shall have been profaned by the shedding of blood or of sexual seed, if this church or churchyard have been profaned by the rector or the vicar or a parishioner of the said church, or by any other person whatsoever, he who profaned it, provided he be solvent, shall pay the dues in respect of reconciliation of this church or churchyard, But if either have been profaned by someone who has no wise compeared, or has perchance compeared but has been found to be non-solvent, the rector of this parish or his vicar, if there be both in the said parish, shall provide the dues in respect of the reconciliation in this connection, at their own and the parishioners’ expense in equal proportions, since it is their common interest, with reservation also to them of the right of raising an action against the desecrator. Now when there are a rector and a vicar in the same parish, the one half of the dues shall be paid by them in proportion to their respective incomes, and the other half shall be paid by the parishioners themselves, and if need be, they shall be compelled by ecclesiastical censure. Also we interdict, under pain of excommunication in force from this time forth, anyone from daring in the future to have dances, or to hold wrestling matches, or to hold or engage in any other kind of unseemly sports in churches or in churchyards at any festivals or seasons whatsoever, since the occasion of profaning churches or churchyards has been wont to arise from such causes.


[GENERAL STATUTES OF 1549]
The order to be followed in the lectures on grammar and logic
The synod wills and decrees that the rector of every university, not forgetting or overlooking the reasons moving thereto, have a care to admit no students to the classes of logic or of the arts save such as speak Latin, and that grammatically, and that those who wish to acquire the art of dialectic be examined before they are admitted to that study, and that none be admitted to the degree of bachelor or master until after strict examination they have been found qualified to receive it: otherwise let them be put back to the next lower class; and if this is not done, it shall be imputed as a fault to the rector. Item the archdeacon of St Andrews shall take care concerning the master of the grammar school in the city of St Andrews that he be versed in grammatical subjects, of good moral training, and amply competent in other respects to teach boys and such as do not know the simplest elements of grammar.

For the maintenance and the permanent establishment of preachers of the word of God wherein the Christian people are to be nurtured
For the permanent establishment of preachers throughout the province and their maintenance, that the said preachers may not want for food and other necessaries, the archbishop primate, the bishops ordinary, and the inferior clergy, representing in the present provincial council the general convention of bishops and clergy of the realm of Scotland, have, on behalf of themselves and others, respectively assigned to the preachers who shall undertake the preaching, in respect of each of the prelates within the district and among the people subject to his jurisdiction, the following benefices: and provision shall be made that the present possessors do not resign them to others to the detriment of the preachers, as is contained in the instruments drawn up thereanent.
Names of benefices allotted to preachers [St Andrews only]:
For the Archbishop of St Andrews, the rectory or church of Muckhart.
For the priory of St Andrews, the vicarage of Trinity Church at St Andrews

[MANDATE OF THE BISHOPS OF THE KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND – mid 13TH CENTURY]
To all the sons of the holy mother church who shall see or hear these presents, David and Albinus, by the grace of God bishops of St Andrews and Brechin, and Master Abel, chaplain of our lord the pope and Archdeacon of St Andrews, wish eternal wellbeing in the Lord. We have inspected a mandate of the bishops of the realm of Scotland to the following effect: To their most excellent Lord A[lexander III]., by the grace of God the illustrious king of Scotland: David, William, Peter, Clement, Albinus, Robert, William, ministers of the churches of St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Dunblane, Brechin, Ross, and Caithness, respectively send greeting and their ever faithful and devoted service. Although the rules ordained in the last council of the kingdom holden at Edinburgh in the presence of you and your magnates have not at all been reduced to writing, yet we cannot believe that these have escaped the memory of your councillors: Namely, that the churches and their prelates should enjoy the peaceful possession of all those rights and liberties which they have received in the time of King Alexander, your father, of happy memory, your royal right and possession being in all cases reserved. Yet now something new and from of old unheard of in the realm of Scotland has been brought in by your councillors: to wit, that ecclesiastical persons should, without the intervention of ay judicial cognition on the part of the prelates, be despoiled by laymen of the possessions bestowed on their churches in alms, as we understand has lately occurred in the case of the Prior of St Andrews. Now since these and the like of these attempts against God and the freedom of the church should not be allowed to take place without attention being called to them, we humbly and devotedly petition your excellency to revoke under the decision already come to whatever has irreverently and inconsiderately been done in the case of the goods of the Prior of St Andrews, and, if it please you, not to permit such things to be done in the future. Otherwise, we shall, at whatever risk to ourselves, rather denounce than be willing to endure what may hereafter turn out to be such an incalculable injury to the church. May your excellency ever prosper in the Lord! In witness whereof we have caused our seals to be affixed to the present document.

Letter of general caption of excommunicate persons
Robert [II], by grace of God king of Scots, to the justiciars, sheriffs, provosts and their bailies to whom the present letters shall come, greeting. We command and enjoin on you that ye compel, by the apprehension and incarceration of their bodies, to give satisfaction to God and the church, all these in your bailiaries or burghs who shall by the reverend father in Christ, William [Landels], bishop of St Andrews, or his officials, be certified to you to have contumaciously remained for forty days and more, in contempt of the keys of holy mother church, under sentence of major excommunication, and that with such expedition that we shall hear no further just complaint on that head as to your failing so to do. The presents to have no validity a year after date, etc.

Letter of caption of excommunicates when the bishop has by letters patent denounced them to the king.
Robert [II or III], by grace of God king of Scots, to the sheriff and his bailies, greeting. The venerable father in Christ, Walter [Trail], by grace of God Bishop of St Andrews, has by his letters patent invoking the secular arm of our royal dignity to the support of the holy mother church, certified us that A. has remained for forty days or more under sentence of excommunication, and so miserably contemning the keys of the church. Wherefore we command and enjoin on you that wherever in your bailiary the said A. shall be found, ye shall by the apprehension and incarceration of his person compel him to give satisfaction to God and the church; and that with such celerity that we may on that head hear no further just complaint of your failing to do so. The presents to have no validity a year after that date, etc.

Letter of procuration by the Abbot of Aberbrothock giving powers to appear for him in a cause concerning him in the Synod of the Archbishop of St Andrews.
Let it by the presents be patent to all men that we, David, by divine permission abbot of the monastery of St Thomas the Martyr of Aberbrothock, of the order of St Benedict and the convent of that place, by unanimous consent and assent of our chapter have made, constituted and appointed, and by the tenor of these presents do make, constitute and appoint these venerable men and brethren in religion: Alexander Masoun prior of Fyvie, Thomas Tullo sub-prior, Thomas Betgranger, John Dryburch cellarer, Robert Cuby, Richard Scot, James Lawsoun and Robert Gray and any one of them, as a body, jointly or singly, to be our true, lawful and undoubted procurators, agents, factors and managers of our affairs, and envoys, special and general: so that the specialty shall not derogate from the generality not contrariwise; and that there be no privileged character of priority amongst them, but what one has begun another of them shall be empowered to carry on, continue and complete, granting and conceding to these our procurators, and any one of them, our plenary powers and special and general mandate to appear for us and in our name, in all and several the causes and suits concerning us in the synod to be held on the twenty-third day of April in the metropolitan church of St Andrews, before the most reverend father in Christ and lord William, by grace of God and the Apostolic See Archbishop of St Andrews, and his vicars-general as his commissaries, one or more; as also all and several the other judges, ecclesiastical or secular within the realm of Scotland, wherever their own jurisdiction may lie: about and concerning all and several the affairs, rights, possessions, and the ecclesiastical actions and disputes which is moving or intending to move against and in opposition to us; and to take action and make defence on our behalf and in our name; to give and receive a libel or libels; to dispute; to dispute or cause to be disputed a plea or pleas; to make, depone and utter oath of calumny or fidelity; to produce and cause to be produced witnesses, letters, endorsements and all the other things proper to procurations; to oppose, reply to, accept or refute for a first, second, third or if need be fourth time the things produced against and contrary to us; to petition that sentences of whatsoever kind be issued, interlocutory or definitive; to appeal, give intimation, insist and prosecute the cause as against these sentences or against any injustice; to make composition, agreement, compromise; to conclude a compromise on faith and penalty, to substitute one or more procurators who should have the same or similar powers with themselves; and generally to do, perform and exercise all and several the other things which in the premises or as regards them may be necessary or even opportune; we holding and to hold as ratified and acceptable all and sundry that these our said procurators, or any one of them, or the substitute or substitutes appointed by them, or any one of them has or have duly and legally thought proper to do; such as we should ourselves do were we personally present and unanimous. Given under the common seal of our said monastery in our chapter house on the nineteenth day of the month of April Anno Domini 1487.
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