Know that whereas the former reverend fathers in Christ of honoured memory, the bishops of St Andrews, have in times past have had in times past the great customs of their own goods and those of the men of the city of St Andrews and have been in full possession thereof hitherto, we, not desiring to lessen the liberty and possessions of the said bishops but rather more fully to increase the same, and considering the various works and heavy expenses incurred and laid out, as effectively and faithfully, by the reverend father in Christ William Laundelis by the grace of God now bishop of St Andrews in sundry ways for the benefit of us and the common weal (res publica), we have approved, ratified and for ever confirmed to him and to his successors the said customs in form, possession and effect, as the same have been used and enjoyed hitherto; and of new for us and our heirs, of certain knowledge and deliberate counsel have bestowed upon and given to him the said custom for the term of his life in … the form underwritten, that is to say, that his citizens of St Andrews shall be free to buy wool, skins and woolly hides wherever they wish, as well in the burgh of Cupar as within other parts of Fife and Fothryff and elsewhere, being within the lands of the said bishop, and that they shall not be compelled to pay the great custom arising therefrom save to the bishops and his officer …; notwithstanding our grants made to any persons or places, for it was not our intention that, on account of such concessions, the liberties and privileges of the said father in Christ and the citizens should anywise suffer; and that the said bishop and his successors may freely possess the great custom of all goods owing to their burgh of St Andrews coming from the port thereof, or being borne to their port of Edyn, together with the escheat of wool, hides and woolly hides if found in these parts not paying customs; and that the cocket of the said burgh of St Andrews shall be as freely received and accepted everywhere in our realm as our cocket is received and accepted. Wherefore we order all our ministers and faithful subjects to maintain the bishop and men and servants in all and sundry things affecting our confirmation and grant … and we prohibit anyone molesting, disturbing or hindering the bishop and his men against the tenor and form of this confirmation.
Given at Edinburgh 5th June 1363
[Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, i]

Inquest about the Men of Cupar and St Andrews (1370)
This inquest being made at Cupar on Friday the fifteenth day of the month of January in the year of our lord 1369 (1370) by the trusty men underwritten, namely, Thomas Monypenny, Philip of Lochore, Alexander Scheyn, Henry Swinton, Stephen of Kilpatrick, Gilbert of Dowrye, Andrew Ramsay of Rothie, John Dishington, John Kinnear, Andrew of Forret, Archibald Forsyth, Richard Inglis, John Brekmond, who being sworn affirm that the burgesses of Cupar, subsequent to the precept of the justiciar, have molested the burgesses of St Andrews.
[Calendar of St Andrews Charters, SAUL B65/22, no. 8]

Judicial proceeding: the presidents of parliament’s judgement in a dispute between St Andrews and Cupar
In the parliament held at Perth on 7 February (1370), the venerable father, the bishop of St Andrews, in his name and [in the name] of the city of St Andrews, and several of the citizens of the city of St Andrews, in their names and [in the names] of the other citizens of the same city, from one party, and Duncan Balfour, who calls himself alderman of Cupar, and three other burgesses of Cupar in Fife, calling themselves brothers of the guild within the said burgh, from the other, compearing in the said parliament, since after a substantial controversy has been moved and continued for a long time between the said parties, concerning the purchase of fleeces, pells and hides and other things which are known to pertain to the guild, within the said burgh of Cupar by the said citizens, our lord king, wishing finally to settle the said controversy, caused the said parties with due solemnity to be assembled and legitimately summoned to his said parliament, in order to have and receive full justice in that parliament concerning and upon the said controversy.
The said lord bishop [compeared], accompanied by certain citizens of the city of St Andrews as his assistants, in his name and [the name] of his church, and of them and of the others [mentioned] above, and said that, although he and his predecessors and the said citizens had been and were freely in possession of a kind of right of buying fleeces, hides and pells, and the other things [mentioned above], however great, pertaining to the guild, within the said burgh of Cupar, by the citizens and inhabitants and other subordinate people of the same city, from a time beyond the existence in men’s memories of a different situation, the burgesses of Cupar, notwithstanding that for the part of the said lord our king it had been prohibited for them by public proclamation to in any way presume to disturb or disquiet the aforesaid bishop or the citizens of his city violently in the matter of the aforesaid right except by the way and form of common justice, have presumed to violently and de facto and rashly to disturb and disquiet this bishop and his citizens of his citizens of his said city and their servants and households in his same right of selling fleeces, hides, pells and the other things which [were mentioned] above, to the grave prejudice and harm of him and his church and his citizens. And this he, being in the same place, affirmed by his pledge, and asked that he and his said citizens to be restored [and] returned to the pristine possession of their right, if and in as much as they were rashly and de facto disturbed by the said burgesses of Cupar, and amends are to be made concerning the harm and injury inflicted upon him and his, which harm is assessed at the amount of 1,000 merks sterling, and moreover the same burgesses of Cupar are to have silence imposed on them that they should not presume to trouble him or his said citizens further concerning this otherwise than by the way and form of common justice.
The said Duncan Balfour, calling himself alderman as above, and the other three burgesses, his assistants as aforementioned, denied similarly and expressly the pretended possession by the said bishop and citizens of St Andrews, asserting themselves and their fellow burgesses, brothers of the guild of Cupar, to have been and to be the solely and collectively in possession of the right to sell fleeces, pells and hides, and the other things which [were mentioned] above, for a great time past. And when they had been asked on the king’s behalf if the pledge against them was found by the bishop, the said alderman and burgesses would then wish to oppose [him] according to the laws and customs of the realm approved hitherto, [and] they have refused to do this, expressly claiming themselves not to be held for, etc, because they did not have a suitable day or place for showing their evidence to [enable them] to contradict the said pledge being thus found.
Which things thus having been done and both parties having withdrawn, and diligent deliberation and negotiation having been had concerning this by the presidents of this parliament in the king’s presence and having been found in writs that the said pledge was not opposed by the said burgesses, the parties were recalled and returned to the presence of the king and of those who were presiding for giving justice in the said parliament. It was decreed by the presidents of the same parliament and adjudged by way of sentence that the bishop of St Andrews and his said citizens in the name which [is stated] above, are to be returned and restored and they returned and restored them in so far as it was in their power to the possession of the said right. And the adverse party was to be held and ought to be held to make satisfaction to them concerning the harm and injury which can be justly proved in the presence of the king’s justiciar at the day and place to be assigned to them by the said justiciar concerning this. And silence was imposed upon the said burgesses of Cupar by the same presidents of the parliament that they would not presume to trouble the said bishop or his said citizens further concerning this other than by the way and in the form of law and according to the laws of the kingdom approved hitherto.
And the justiciar then being present and receiving mandate was commanded that at a certain place and day to be assigned to him by the king’s letters he should convoke and convene to that place in the presence of the burgesses of Cupar, whether being absent from the said parliament or the said four who were present in the same place, and that he should accuse each of them on the king’s behalf of violation of the king’s prohibition thus publicly proclaimed, as aforementioned, and of the presumptuous act attempted against his prohibition by them, assessing the harm and disparagement of the king against each of them concerning this at £100 sterling. It was also decreed by the same presidents of the parliament that the same justiciar [should require] certain and secure pledges from the same four burgesses of Cupar then present in the same place for compearing in his presence under certain penalties at the said day and place to be assigned as aforementioned and for standing to law in the same place, and that then the same justiciar should cause the said lord bishop and his men to be satisfied concerning whatsoever damages, injuries and harms inflicted on them as reason should demand and the order of justice should dictate.
Records of the Parliaments of Scotland [1370/2/41]

Charter by John Scrymgeour to William Balmyle rector of Benhame (1410)
Charter by John Scrymgeour, natural son of Sir James Scyrmgeour constable of Dundee, knight, and Marion wife of John, narrating that after the death of Alexander Scrymgeour of Aberbrothock, possessor of certain lands and rights underwritten in the city of St Andrews, William Scrymgeour cousin and heir possessed the same and after Sir James who had acquired the right thereto granted the same to the said John Scrymgeour and Marion then his future spouse, who now with the consent of the said Sir James and other friends of his and his wife, sell and dispone the same to Sir William of Balmyle rector of the church of Benhame, St Andrews diocese, for a certain sum of money:
Viz, an annual rent of five shillings due and payable from the lands of James Brabaner in Market Street of the said city on the north side between the lands of Rankiny Brabaner on the west and the land of Laurence Peebles on the east; an annual rent of four shillings due and payable from the lands of the said Rankiny Brabaner in Market Street of the said city on the north side between the lands of James Brabaner on the east and the land of John Bonar on the west; an annual rent of four shillings due and payable from the lands of Andrew of Dunbrek in Market Street of the said city on the south side between the lands of the deceased Thomas Tody on the east and the land of Richard Narn on the west; an annual rent of ten shillings due and payable from the lands of the John Duncan in vico Piscatorum (Fishers Street) on the west side between the lands of the heirs of the deceased John Cass on the north and the land of Gilbert Guthry on the south; an annual rent of four shillings due and payable from the lands of the deceased Galfrid Smith in North Street on the north side thereof between the land of John Scot the elder on the west …; an annual rent of four shillings due and payable from the lands of Robert Johnson lying in the North Street on the north side between the land of John Scot on the east and the tenement of Laurence Peebles on the west; an annual rent of three shillings due and payable from the land of the said William Raa lying on North Street of the said city on the north side between the lands of John Gled on the east and the land of Robert Smith on the west; an annual rent of thirteen shillings and four pence due and payable from certain land of the heirs of the deceased Thomas Tody in South Street of the said city on the north side between the land of John Bonar on the west and the land of the heirs of Thomas Tody on the east; an annual rent of nine shillings due and payable from the tenement of the said William Balmyle in South Street on the south side between the land of John Thomson on the east and the land of Robert Bower on the west; an annual rent of four shillings due and payable from the land of John Litstar in South Street on the north side between the land of Thomas Tailour on the west and the land of Duncan Robertson on the east; an annual rent of four shillings due and payable from the tenement of David Coinet in South Street on the north side between the land of Sir John Crab priest on the west and the land of John Wallace on the east; a certain waste land lying in South Street on the north side between the land of John Garden on the west and the heirs of the deceased Norman Gupylde on the east; an annual rent of two shillings due and payable from the land of Adam Ewinson in South Street on the north side between the land of Marion Bald on the east and another land of Adam on the west; an annual rent of four shillings from the land of John Frislay in Market Street on the south side between the land of Walter Spadebeard on the east and the land of John Bonar on the west; an annual rent of four shillings from the land of Alexander Lawson in Market Street on the south side between the land of Stephen Ferny on the west and David Baxster in the east; an annual rent of four shillings from the land of the prior and convent of the church of St Andrews in Market Street on the north side between the land of the heirs of the deceased David Chalmers on the east and the land of the prior and convent on the west; a certain waste land in North Street on the north side between the land of John Swan on the east and William Christison on the west; an annual rent of thirty pence from the land of William Christison in North Street on the north side between the land of William Balmyle on the east and William Millar on the west; an annual rent of two shillings from the land of William Millar in North Street on the north side between the land of William Christison on the east and another land of William Millar on the west; an annual rent of two shillings from the land of William Millar in North Street on the north side between the waste of Richard Purrock on the west and a land of William Millar on the east; two particates of land lying together in crofts on the north side of North Street between the land of John Stele on the east and Thomas Rogerson on the west; another particule of land lying in crofts between the land of John Michaelson in the west and Thomas Rogerson on the east; two particates of land in crofts on the south side of the common way of Galwhil between the land of Marion Hardgate to the east and John Stele to the west; an annual rent of sixteen shillings from four particules of the land of Stanycroft lying at the end of the lands of the heirs of the deceased Deky Thomson and master Robert Murehouse.
The which lands John and Marion have resigned into the hands of Roger Williamson bailie of St Andrews and other persons having an interest in the due and accustomed services.
Done in the Domus Urbi of St Andrews on Wednesday 2nd April 1410
Witnesses: Master Thomas Cairns official of St Andrews, Robert Butler alderman, Roger Williamson and John Smyth bailies, John Bonar, Duncan Mason, Laurence Narn and others, citizens and parishioners of St Andrews

Indenture concerning the construction of the new Parish Church of St Andrews (1410)
Instrument narrating that Sir William Lindsay lord of the Byres gave, granted and by his charter confirmed to God and Holy Mother Church in pure and perpetual alms for the safety of the souls of himself and Christian his deceased wife and his successors and all the faithful departed, all his lands lying in the city of St Andrews in South Street on the north side thereof between the lands of Rankin Brabonar on the west and the common vennel that leads to the market cross of the said city on the east, lately purchased and acquired by him from Thomas Butler and John Scissoris with pertinences, so that the Parish Church might be transferred for the betterment on to the said lands with the consent of Henry bishop of St Andrews and that the prior and convent of St Andrews as true patrons and rectors thereof and the citizens and parishioners of the said church might build and erect thereupon in honour of the Holy Trinity a church with a row of pillars on each side through the nave; Therefore the citizens and community considering the zeal and affection of the said Sir William to God and the Church and to the citizens and parishioners have granted and promised to Sir William to erect a chapel to be founded in honour of the Holy Trinity in the eastern bay in the row of pillars on the south side of the church and worthily to ceil and trellis the same with an altar and two windows each with three openings sufficiently glazed and adorned with the arms of the said Sir William, one on the east and the other on the south with frames; and if the said Sir William wishes any alteration made in position or size of the chapel such alteration is to be estimated for by skilled men mutually chosen by them and him, and he promises to pay therefore, while they build and maintain the same for ever, and if he or his heirs fail in payment, work shall stop until payment is made. Moreover it shall be lawful to the said William and his heirs to found and endow the said chapel as a college or otherwise, the presentation of chaplains being in his hands while collation shall belong to the bishop of St Andrews; and whosoever of them wishes to be buried in the said chapel shall have free sepulchre. The work is to be begun at Christmas next and to be performed with all speed, and after the death of the said Sir William his anniversary is to be celebrated for ever with the ringing of a bell through the streets of the city, and they likewise promise that chaplains of the Holy Rood and of Our Lady shall on feast days in their masses and prayers recommend the soul of Sir William with a special collect. Henry bishop of St Andrews and James prior of St Andrews and the chapter intimate their consent by attaching their seals.

[Calendar of St Andrews Charters, SAUL B65/22, no. 16]

Charter of Thomas Stewart esquire to James Haldenstone Prior of St Andrews
To all who see or hear this charter Thomas Stewart esquire, citizen of the city of St Andrews, gives greetings in the Lord. You should know that I with the consent, agreement and assent of my dearest lord and master, namely Thomas Stewart archdeacon of St Andrews, give, grant and specifically sell, also selling and alienating from me and my heirs in perpetuity and by this present charter confirming to the venerable father in Christ and lord, Lord James Haldenstone, by divine sanction prior of the cathedral church of St Andrews, all my lands with their appurtenances lying in the aforesaid city in the north street of the same, between the land of William Forsyth on the east side, and the common vennel which leads to the castle on the west side, for fifty-two merks of usual money, which the said lord prior paid in full. Concerning the which sum of money I hold myself well paid and content and hold the said prior and his heirs and assigns free of claim in perpetuity through these present letters. The said lord prior and his heirs hold and possess all the said lands with their appurtenances from me and my heirs in fee and heritage freely, quietly and well in perpetuity and peace, with all and each liberties and rights … through all their proper boundaries, as well in length as width without retention or contradiction. The said lord prior, his heirs or assignees rendering for this property to the lord bishop of St Andrews who was for that time, the rents and services by burgage tenure for as much as is owed and customary for these lands, paying to me and my heirs and my assignees five shillings of usual money in two terms of the year, namely Pentecost and Martinmas …
In testimony of the which, because I do not have my proper seal at present, I have borrowed the seal of my said lord archdeacon with the seal of the community of the city aforesaid attaching them to this my present charter, at St Andrews, the fourth day of the month of October A.D. 1422 before these witnesses, namely Master Thomas Stewart archdeacon of St Andrews, Thomas Ramsay, John Bawn and Thomas Williamson, for the time bailies of the said city, Thomas Wardlaw, Andrew Broun, John Fawhope, William Johnson, Richard Kyd, John Chalmers, James Lamby, John of Kenlochy and John Loch, citizens of the same city, and many others.

Charter of Laurence of Lindores to the Parish Church of St Andrews
Charter by Laurence of Lindores rector of Creich (diocese of St Andrews) and inquisitor of heretical pravity in the realm of Scotland, whereby having in honour of the Trinity, the Virgin Mary, Michael the Archangel and St Serf founded a new chaplainry in the new parish church of St Andrews at the altar of St Michael on the north side of the church near the column founded by John Carmichael, he, with the consent of Henry bishop of St Andrews grants and mortgages to God, the Virgin Mary, Michael the Archangel and St Serf and the chaplain serving the altar, for the health of the souls of Henry bishop of St Andrews, the granter’s father and mother, himself, his brother and sister and all the faithful, that the tenement belonging to him on the South Street, on the south side of the church of St Andrew between the land of Robert Skynnar on the west and the land of the deceased Sir John Menzies, knight, on the east; and thirty shillings annual rent from the tenement of Robert Skynnar on the said street, between David Broun on the west and his own on the east; five shillings from the tenement of William Smert in the said street between the land of Andrew Cameron on the east and the land of John Haldenstone on the west; paying for the granter’s tenants to the bishop of St Andrews an appropriate sum.
Done at St Andrews on the first of December (1434)
Witnesses: John Carmichael provost of St Andrew, Mr William Wishart chamberlain to the bishop of St Andrews, Mr Alexander of Casteltaris vicar of Forgan, Walter Monypenny of Kinkell, Thomas Arthur, William of Kinnaird, John Akeman, Duncan Gedy, John of Camroun and David Post – citizens of St Andrews

Charter to the Blackfriars of St Andrews
Charter by John Michaelson citizen of St Andrews giving and confirming to God and to the Virgin Mary and to the house of Friars Preacher and the friars thereof founded in the city of St Andrews, for the safety of the souls of himself and his wife Marjory, the annual rent of three shillings from certain lands with pertinences lying in the street which is called Argaile within the said city on the south side, between the lands of Adam Godherd on the west and that of the friars on the east. Done at St Andrews. The fourth day of August A.D. 1446.
[Calendar of St Andrews Charters, SAUL B65/22, no. 32]

Resignation to Blackfriars of St Andrews
John Alanson indweller of St Andrews resigns into the hands of Robert Arthur, one of the bailies thereof, with the consent of Thomas Peirson, an annual rent of six shillings and eight pence out of his yard, barn and threshing floor lying in South Street on the south side, between the yard or land of William Millar on the north and the lands of Thomas Rede on the east and the land of the heirs of the deceased Robert Wan on the west and the burn of the city on the south; the bailie gave sasine (possession) to Friar John Smyth, prior or custodian of the place of the Friars Preacher within the said city, for an anniversary with a requiem mass on the morning of the day of the said Thomas’ death. Done on the ground of the said yard. The fourteenth day of February, A.D. 1476 (1477).
[Calendar of St Andrews Charters, SAUL B65/22, no. 65]


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http://library.st-andrews.ac.uk/search~S5?/Yearly+records+of+the+university&searchscope=5&SORT=DZ/Yearly+records+of+the+university&searchscope=5&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=early+records+of+the+university/1%2C217%2C217%2CB/frameset&FF=Yearly+records+of+the+university&searchscope=5&SORT=DZ&2%2C2%2C]]> 1413
Oaths of the Bachelors
I swear that I shall be obedient to the faculty of arts and to the dean thereof in things lawful and proper: Also that I shall observe and cause to be observed the statutes and privileges of the faculty of arts, and shall defend them so far as I am able in whatever position I may attain to: Likewise I shall keep the secrets of the said faculty, nor shall I reveal them to any one to whom they ought not to be revealed.
Names of the Bachelors this year
In the first William Yhalulok, who paid 2 s this week.
Likewise lord Stephen [Kerr], who paid 2 s this week.
Likewise Thomas Graham, who paid 2 s this week.
Likewise Thomas Livingston, who paid 2 s this week.
Likewise Angus de Levynnochis, who paid 2 s this week.
Likewise John Homyll, who paid 2 s this week.
Likewise Andrew Maklauch, who paid 2 s this week. Although a determinant at Oxford he was nevertheless generously admitted by the faculty.
Likewise lord Robert Fabri, who paid 2 s this week.
Likewise John Henry, who paid nothing.
Likewise Alexander Methven, who paid nothing. Nevertheless, those two offered surety, the first by a sworn declaration, the second by a sponsor, that if they should come into easier circumstances they would satisfy the faculty like the others preceding.
Likewise lord Robert de Tynnyngame. Although made a bachelor at Oxford he was nevertheless admitted by the faculty. He contributed 5 s 6 d.

1414

Names of the Bachelors in the year of our Lord fourteen hundred and fourteen.

In the first Alan Fudes, who paid 20 d this week.
Lord Richard de Eddislav, who paid 2 s this week.
John Winton, who paid 22 d this week.
Thomas Ramsay, who paid 22 d this week
William White, who paid 22 d this week.
Henry Malwyne, who paid 22 d this week.
Thomas Edname, who paid 22 d this week.
Thomas Tulloch, who paid 2 s this week.
Moricius John, who paid 22 d this week.
William Lyell, who paid 19 d this week.
Richard Spalding, who paid 20 d this week.
Lord John Thom, who paid 2 s.
Robert Kastiltarris, who paid 2 s.

Names of the Masters the same year, that is fourteen hundred and fourteen.

In the first, Master William Zalulok.
Master Thomas de Livingston.
Master Robert Tynygame.
Master Andrew Makgillance.
Master Stephan Kerr.
Master John Hommyl.
Master John Henry.


1415

Names of the Bachelors in the year of our Lord fourteen hundred and fifteen

David Lauder, who paid 20 d.
Thomas Rate, who paid 20 d.
William Sperk, who paid 2 s.
Gilbert Heryne, who paid 2 s.
Bricius Laverok, who paid 2 s.
William Raderny, who paid 2 s.
Patrick M’Alwy, pauper.
Michael Cowtis, pauper.
Thomas M’Guffok, who paid 20 d.

1416

Names of the Bachelors in the year fourteen hundred and sixteen

Robert Stewart, paid 2 s.
James Brune, 2 s.
Phillip Pyle.
Thomas Cardenay, 20 d.
Peter de Dalkeith, 20 d.
Thomas Inchekok, 20 d.
Likewise Robert William, 20 d.
John Chamber, pauper.
Likewise, James de Douglas, who paid 2 s.
Henry de Douglas, who paid 2 s.
Likewise Robert de Cornton, who paid 20 d.
Likewise [blank] Allates, who paid 20 d.
Likewise [blank] Glenconwym.


1417

Names of the Bachelors in the year of our Lord fourteen hundred and seventeen

Andrew de Keith
George de Lauder
Gilbert Forestarii
John Petcarne
Patrick Leche
Edward Crawford
Simon Bower
John Bedas
John Days
William Thornton


1418

Names of the Bachelors in the year of our Lord fourteen hundred and eighteen

Determinants.
In the first lord Nicholaus Inglis
Alexander de Newton
Walter Stewart
John de Cornale
Thomas Purrock
Andrew Bell
Martin Makgillandris
Thomas de Tynygame
William Whitelaw
John de Atholl
Alexander Cragy

Names of the determinants in the year of our Lord fourteen hundred and eighteen

George Ramsay
Gilbert Hay
William Turnbull
John Innesche
Laurence Carruthers
Laurence Pyott


1419

Names of the Licentiates

Gilbert Heryng, Master.
Lord Nicholas Inglis, Master.
Walter Stewart, Master.
George de Lawater, Master.
Henry Malvyn, Master.
Bricius Laverok, Master.
Lord John Thom, Master.
Gilbert de Hay.
Phillip Pyle, Master.
William Lyall.
Peter William, Master.
Robert de Cornton, Master.
John de Chamber, Master, who swears poverty.
Robert William, Master.

Names of the Determinants in the year of our Lord fourteen hundred and nineteen

Nicholas de Otterburn


1420

Licentiates and Masters in the year of our Lord fourteen hundred and twenty

Nicholas Otterburn
Alexander de Newton
William Turnbull
Edward de Crawford


1421

Determinants in the year of our Lord one thousand fourteen hundred and twenty one

Robert Stewart, archdeacon
John Lychton
Tomas Currur
William Hawk


1422

Determinants in the year of our Lord one thousand fourteen hundred and twenty two

Robert Lawater
Robert Mofft
William Livingston
William Glendunwyn
Simon Wardlaw

1423

Determinants in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and twenty three

Alan Stewart, who was made Master this day by Robert Cornton

Walter Grereson
George Lermuth
Fynlaus Dempstar
Henry Arrot
Item Nicholaus Benachtyn
Patrick Hog
Thomas Bolton
Michael Gowanlok
Robert Leche
Thomas Douglas

Names of the Licentiates in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and twenty three

Andrew Keith
John Dais


1424

Determinants in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and twenty four

James Stewart
James Broys
Dominus John Chambers
Dominus Henry Rynde
Dominus Laurence Duncan
Andrew Tulcht, bedellus

Determinants of the same year

John Alemer
James Innes, Master John Thome and Robert William
David Covane, paid 7 s.
Dominus James Fermur
John Leonis
Simon Bane
John Spens
George Abernethy
Dominus John de Muskilburgh

1425

Licentiates in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and twenty five, fourteenth day of the month of July

Alan Stewart
John Innes
John Lichton
Robert Lawater
Robert Muffat
George Abernethy
William Glenunwyn

Bachelors

William Hay, who paid 2 s
William Curour, who paid 2 s
John Dunye, 2 s
Donaldus M’Mulron, 2 s


1426

Bachelors

Alan Cant
James Lindsay
Laurence Fawside
George Moray
William Bell
Maurice M’Nabe

Licentiates in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and twenty six

Robert Stewart, archdeacon
Nicholas Bannochtyn, Master
John Aylmare, Master
Robert Leche, Master
Simon Wardlaw, Master
Thomas Bolton, Master
George Lermont, Master
Finlay Dempster, Master


1427

Licentiates in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and twenty seven

James Bruce, Master
James Innes, Master
John Lioun, Master
William Hay, Master
Dominus John Chamber, Master
Dominus John Muskylburgh, Master
Dominus Henry Rynd, Master
Dominus Michael Gowanlok, Master
Dominus Laurence Duncan, Master
Dominus James Fermour, Master
John Spens, Master
John Dunnyn, Master
Patricius Hog, Master

1428

Determinants received by Master John Forester, Deacon of the faculty in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and twenty eight

Bachelors

Robert Fyfe
Duncan Campbell
Thomas Pendewen
Robert Scrimgeour
William Herys
David Thomson
James Ogilvy
William Ker
John Monypenny
Adam Montgomery
William Elphinstone

Licentiates in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and twenty eight

David Cerass
Archibald Laurence


1429

Licentiates in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and twenty nine

In the first James Kennedy, nephew of the King, subdeacon of Glasgow
Gilbert Forester, archdeacon of Brechin
James Lindsay, canon of the collegiate church of Dunbar

These are the names of the Bachelors created in the faculty of Arts in the year above, having sworn an oath to the lord deacon

In the first John Atholie
Dominus John Bendelo
Ercules Scrymiowr
John Russell
John Melrose
William Gordon


1430

Licentiates in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and thirty

Dominus Thomas Logy
Dominus William Bell
Adam Montgomery
William Heryss
Dominus Robert Scrymgeour
Dominus William de Elphinstone
Dominus John Bedas
Thomas Penwen
Alan Cant
Alan Clapame
Bachelors in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and thirty

In the first Henry Parcle
John Spalding

These were determinants in the same year and paid their fees to the faculty, but were not promoted to the degree of Bachelor on account of the plague, nor did they pay the portion due to the Rector

Archibald Crawford
Alexander Gordon
John Moray, not paid
William Semple,
John Winter, not paid
Dominus John Methven, Bachelor


1431

Licentiates on the eleventh day of April, the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and thirty one

In the first, Dominus, John Methven, Master
John of Atholl, Master of 33 years
John Monipenny
Dominus Thomas Marschal
George Murray
Ercules Schrymgeour, Master
Laurence of Fausyd, Master
Dominus John Beoton, Master
Dominus John of Lothian, Master
Dominus William Lychtoun, Master
Dominus Duncan Campbell, Master
William Stephen, Master
James of Dalrymple, Master
Dominuus David Tulch, Master

Determinantes in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and thirty one

Patrick Sandyland
John Clerici
James Schaw
Dominus Archibald William

These Bachelors did not pay the Rector’s portion at the time of determination, but in Lent at the time of Baccalaureation they paid it to Master Laurence of Lindores; likewise John of Moray, a bachelor of the previous year.


1432
Determinants in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and thirty two
Laurence Ramsay
William Brown
Andrew William
Matthew Geddes
John Sperman
John Martin


1433

Licentiates in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and thirty three

Patrick Sandiland, Master
Malcolm Loudian, Master
Archibald of Crawford, Master
James Shaw, Master
John Martin, Master
Maurice Macnab, Master
William Sympil, Master
Alexander Gordon, Master
Dominus Patrick Rede, Master


Determinants in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and thirty three

Dominus William Simonton
Robert Stewart
Edward Cockburn
John Farle
Thomas Wallace
Robert Halkerston

Determinants in the same year

Malcolm Forbace
Walter Stewart
Thomas Spens
Alexander Lumisdan
Patrick Hume
John Redhuch


Determinants in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and thirty three

John Montgomery
Thomas Bell
Alexander William
William Wardlaw
George Haliburton
Andrew Keith
Archibald od Mulbray
William Mudy
Patrick Nicholas
Thomas Atkinson
Thomas Dunyn


1434

Licentiates in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and thirty four

John Clark
John Spalding
John Murray
Dominus John Winter
Henry Parkle
Dominus Archibald William

Determinants in the year of our Lord one thousand four hundred and thirty four

Thomas Dysart
Thomas Leche
Dominus William Hogg
Dominus Andrew Myrtoun
John Hall
Dominus Alexander Schevas
Dominus Thomas Pottar

David Lindsay
Hugo Witherspoon
John Bawne
Roger Carruthers
Alexander Grynlaw
David Hutown
William Tobyname

David Stewart
William Lavadre
John Weddale
Henry Cruickshank
Donald Brown
David Bell
Thomas Brown, admitted free
Robert Chepman




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The Mace of the Faculty of Arts. See also:
http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/musa/see/starobjects/stsalvatorsmace/

A seal depicting the cathedral

The seal of the University of St Andrews

The university seal matrix

The Statutes of St Leonard's College:
https://pacific.st-andrews.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqPos=4&dsqSearch=%28%28text%29%3D%27uysl165%27%29

Summa Theologica of St Thomas Aquinas. Gifted to the town of St Andrews by the Blackfriars:
http://library.st-andrews.ac.uk/record=b1307346~S5]]> http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/collections/archives/]]> Title Pittance writ: Charter granting alms to the Church of St Andrew the Apostle
Date [1215]
Omnibus Sancte Matris Ecclesie filiis presens scriptum uisuris uel audituris Johannes filius mikaelis Clerici Salutem. Noveritis universitas uestra me divine caritatis intuitu dedisse concessisse et presenti mea Carta confirmasse deo et Ecclesie Beati Andree apostoli et Canonicis ibidem deo seruientibus et seruituris Dimidiam marcam argenti in puram et perpetuam elemosinam ad limunare Ecclesie pro fraternitate mea et pro animabus antecessorum et successorum meorum de Bracino meo de Morkambus singulis annis ad festum Sancti Andree percipiendam. Ita uidelicet ut quicumque de me et de heredibus meis predictum Bracinum cum terra eidem adiacente tenuerit predictam dimidiam marcam dictis Canonicis absque ulla contradicione seu molestia uel reclamacione Apud Sanctum andream predicto termino fideliter persolvat. Vt autem hec mea donatio et concessio rata et inconcussa in perpetuum permaneat tam presentis scripti munimine cum sigilli mei appositione roboraui. Hiis testibus Domino Willelmo de Wyvilli Domino Henrico de Abernith Domino Michaele filius de Malloch Domino Gilberto persona de Wemes Johanne filius Wynemi Ricardo Manipeni Johanne Pigate Mauricio de Methkil et multis aliis.
Reverse: Carta Domini Johannis filii Michaelis de dimidia marca argenti de Morkambus.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/5
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting alms to the church of St Andrew the Apostle
Date c.1240
Omnibus has litteras visuris vel audituris Hugo filius Hugi de Esidin salutem. Sciatis me dedisse concessisse et hac carta mea confirmasse deo et ecclesie beati Andrei apostoli in primam et perpetuam elimosinariam dimidiam peciam cere vel duos solidos in subsidium Luminaris ad missam beate marie percipiendam annuatim de terra Torbrete que est inter Clacchem et Blabloe scilicet ad festum Sancti Andree Quare volo ut dicta ecclesia dictam elemosinam habeat possideat et percipiat singulis annis de me et heredibus meis et de prenominata terra adeo libere quiete et plenarie sicut aliqua elemosina in toto Regno Scotie Liberius quiecius et plenius habetur et possidetur. Testibus domino nostro andrea capellano de Kilmane Domino Gerardo vicario Helmannus de ardist Gilberto de Kincapill Willelmo de Esidin fratre meo et multis aliis.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/6
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting land in St Andrews to Matthew de Cornel
Date 24 October 1344
Universis sancte matris Ecclesie filius presens scriptum visuris vel audituris Willemus permissione divina prior sancti Andree et eiusdem loci conventus salutem in domino sempiternam noverit universitas nostra nos audisse concessisse et hac presenti carta nostra confirmasse Matheo de Cornel cui civitatis Sancti Andree et heredibus suis ad feodam firmam totam terram nostram iacentem in vico boriali civitatis supradicte inter terram nostram assignatam vicario Ecclesie nostre parochialis predicte civitatis ex parte occidentali ex parte una et semitam illam que itur versus castrum et mare ex parte orientali ex parte altera tenendam et habendam dicto Matheo et heredibus suis in perpetuum de nobis et successoribus nostris adeo libere quiete plenarie honorifice et pacifice sicut nos unquam predictam terram tenuimus vel tenere debuimus Reddendo inde annuatim nobis ete successoribus nostris ad usum fabrice nostre sex solidos et octo denariorum sterlingorum ad duos annos terminos videlicet tres solidos et quatuor denarios ad festum pentecostes et tres solidos et quatuor denarios ad festum sancti martini in penie. Edisicia vero in dicta terra constructa sive construenda in dicto solo remanebunt perpetuo sine alienacione vel asportacione quacumque. Si vero dictus Matheus vel heredes sui predictam terram impignorare in feodum dare seu alicui tradere vel quoquo alio modo alienare pro eorum maiori utilitate voluerint nobis et successoribus nostris eandem terram sine fraude quam omni dolo prius offerent et nos congrue et oportune premunient. Et in casu quo nos vel successores nostri pro dicta terra dicto Matheo vel heredibus suis tantum dare recusavimus quantum alii sine fraude et dolo dare voluerint ex tunc predictus Matheus et heredes sui ut de dicta terra libere valeant disponere pro ut eis melius viderint expedire licenciam a nobis vel successoribus nostris petent et sine contradiccione vel impedimento aliquo optinebunt. In cuius rei testimonium sigillum commune capituli nostri una cum sigillo Reverendi in christo patris ac domini nostri domini Willemi de Lanudeles dei gratia Episcopi sancti Andree presenti carte nostre est appensum. Datum in capitulo nostro vicesimo quarto die mensis Octobris Anno domini Millesimo Trecentesimo quatragesimo quarto.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/115
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting land in St Andrews to John of Lindsay, lord of Balcrody
Date 30 July 1381
Omnibus Christo fidelibus hoc presens scriptum visuris vel audituris Stephanus permissione divina Prior Sancti Andree et eiusdem loci conventus eternam in domino salutem Noveritis universitas vestra nos dedisse concessisse et hac presenti carta nostra confirmasse nobili viro Johanni de Lyndisay domino de Balcrody et heredibus suis ad feodam firmam illam terram nostram iacentem in vico australi civitatis supradicte inter terram quondam Willelmi Lange ex parte orientali ex parte una et terram quondam Willelmi filii hugonis ex altera Tenendam et habendam in perpetuum predicto Johanni et heredibus suis de nobis et successoribus nostris adeo libere quiete et pacifice sicut nos dictam terram tenuimus vel tenere debimus Reddendo inde nobis et successoribus nostri annuatim ad petanciam nostram viginti solidos sterlingorum ad duos anni terminos videlicet decem solidos ad festum pentecostis et decem solidos ad festum beati martini in hyeme. Dicti vero Johannes et heredes sui in futurum subibunt omnia alia onera ad dictam terram spectantia Edificia vero in dicta terra constructa sive construenda in dicto solo perpetuo remanebunt sine alienatione vel asportatione qualicumque Nec licebit eidem Johanni nec suis heredibus dictam terram impignorare in feodum dare seu alicui tradere vel quoquo modo alienare sine nostra petita licentia et obtenta. Et si contingat dictos Johannes et heredes suos in solucione dicte firme per tres terminos continuos deficere volumus sine strepitu iudiciali dictam terram in manibus nostris capere in commodum nostrum de ea pro voluntate nostra perficere. In cuius Rei testimonium parti huius scripti ad modum cirograffi confecti penes dictos Johannem et heredes suos residenti sigillum commune capituli nostri appensimus parti vero penes nos residenti sigillum commune civitatis Sancti andree una cum sigillo predicti Johannis est appensum Acta et data in capitulo nostro penultimo die mensis Julii Anno domino millesimo tricentesimo octogesimo Primo.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/8
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting rights on property in St Andrews to St Andrews Priory
Date 16 January 1385 [1386]
Omnibus Christi fidelibus presentes literas inspecturi Adam Carpentarius civis sancti Andree salutem in omni salvatore Noverit universitas vestra quod cum elena uxor mea in sua viduitate existens mihi dederit et concesserit in liberum maritagium omnia bona sua mobilia et immobilia secundum mee voluntatis arbitrium disponenda prout in inde confectis literis continetur ego pro salute anime mee et in remissione peccaminum do et per presentes concedo deo beato andree apostolo et priori ac conventui sancti Andree omne ius quod habeo vel habere possum ex dicta concessione mihi facta in terra et habitacione quodam ade cissoris et uxoris mee predicte iacentis in vico australi civitatis eiusdem ex parte australi ipsius vici inter terram walteri aylbot ex parte occidentali et terram mathei de nofford ex parte orientali tenendum et possidendum libere in perpetuum sine aliquo retinemento cum suis commoditatibus libertatibus aysiamentis et iustis pertinenciis quibuscumque. Insuper eisdem priori et conventui pure remitto convencionem inter me et ipsos nuper factam pro meo servicio ad certos annos pro certis pecuniarum summis bona fide promittens quod ipsos numquam per me vel per alios super ipsa convencione inquietabo vel inquietari permittam. In cuius rei testimonium sigillum meum una cum sigillis andree pay aldermanni et willelmi falcard ballivi civitatis eiusdem willelmi de walchop et domini stephani cappellani presentibus est appensum apud sanctum andream XVI die januarii anno domini millesimo cccmo octuagesimo quinto.
Call Number UYSL110/PW/9
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting a tenement in St Andrews to Jonete de Douglas
Date 25 October 1404
Omnibus hoc scriptum visuris vel audituris Iacobus permissione divina prior cathedralis ecclesie Sancti Andree et eiusdem loci conventus salutem in domino sempiternam. Noveritis universitas vestra nos de communi consensu et assensu capituli nostri concessisse et ad feodi firmam dimisisse Jonete de Douglas uxori arnaldi patynmakar civis civitatis Sancti Andree quoddam tenementum nostrum cum pertinentis jacentes in baroniam Archidiaconatus Sancti Andree infra civitatem eiusdem inter tenementum mario de lani ex parte occidentali ex parte una et tenementum nostrum in quo habitat Willelmus filius Johannis cum uxore sua Christiana Mowat ex parte orientali ex parte altera. Tenendum et habendum dictum tenementum cum pertinentiis dicte Jonete pro toto tempore vite sue et post mortem ipsius Jonete Symoni de lystonum filio Jonete predicte et post eiusdem Simonis decessum uni dum taxat legitimo heredi dicte Jonete cuicumque sine pluri de nobis et ecclesia Sancti Andree in feodo et hereditate pro temporibus antedictis cum omnibus comoditatibus libertatibus et asiamentis ac iustis pertinentiis quibuscumque ad dictum tenementum spectantibus seu quovismodo spectare valentibus in futuro sine aliquo retenemento seu contradiccione quacumque libere quiete bene et in pace. Reddendo inde dicta Joneta et successores ac heredes sui supra talliati nobis et conventui Sancti Andree annuatim octo solidos monete currentis ad duos annos terminos videlicet ad festum sancti Martini in yeme et ad festum pentecostes proxima inde sequens per equales porciones. Et si contingat dictam Jonetam successores vel heredes sos supra talliatos in solucione trium terminorum in simul vel separatim deficere liceat nobis huiusmodi tenementum cum pertinentiis ad usus nostros appropiare et tenere et omnino ab eis recipere et cuicumque alteri pro nostra voluntate assedare presenti assedacione ex tunc vires nullatemis habitura Et nos predictum tenementum cum pertinentiis predicte Jonete et successoribus suis ac heredibus supratalliatis contra omnes mortales vero arantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus. In cuius rei testimonium quia dicta Joneta sigillum proprium non habuit sigillum venerabili magistri Thome Sanescalli Archidiaconi Sancti Andree presenti carte cum instancia apponi procuravit penes eosdem priorem et conventum perpetuo remansurum. Apud Sanctum Andream xxv die mensis octobris Anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo quarto parti vero remanenti penes dictam Jonetam sigillum commune capituli Sancti Andree est appensum anno die et mense quibus supra.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/10
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting a tenement in St Andrews to Joneta de Douglas
Date 25 January 1408 [1409]
Omnibus hoc scriptum visuris vel audituris Jacobus permissione divina prior cathedralis ecclesie Sancti Andree et eiusdem loci conventus salutem in domino sempiternam. Noverit universitas vestra nos de communi consensu et assensu capituli nostri concessisse et ad feodi firmam dimisisse Jonete de Douglas uxori Arnaldi patynmakar civis Sancti Andree quoddam tenementum nostrum cum pertinenciis iacens infra civitatem sancti andree predictam in vico australi eiusdem inter unum aliud tenementum nostrum vocatum smalmonthe ex parte orientali ex parte una et tenementum Johannis de Ruglen filii et heredis quondam Willelmi de ruglen ex parte occidentali ex parte altera. Tenendum eh habendum dictum tenementum cum pertinencii suis predicte jonete pro toto tempore vite sue et post eiusdem Jonete decessum Simoni de lystoun filio dicte Jonete et post eiusdem Simonis decessum Willelmo de lystoun filio dicti Simonis. Et si contingat dictum Willelmum ante obitum dicti Simonis patris sui decedere uni heredi dicti Simonis post eius decessum sine pluri de nobis et ecclesia Sancti Andree in feodo et hereditate pro temporibus antedictis cum omnibus et singulis commoditatatibus libertatibus et aysiamentis ac iustis pertinenciis suis quibuscumque ad dictum tenementum spectantibus seu quovismodo spectare valentibus in futurum sine aliquo retenemento seu contradictione quacumque libere quiete et in pace reddendo inde dicta Joneta et successores sui heredes supra talliati nobis et conventui sancti andree annuatim triginta tres solidos et quatuor denarios usualis monete currentis ad duos anni terminos videlicet ad festum sancti martini in yeme et ad festum pentecostes proxime inde sequens per equales porciones Et si contingat dictam jonetam et successores suos heredes supratalliatos in solucione trium terminorum insimul vel separatim deficere liceat nobis huiusmodi tenementum cum pertinenciis ad usus nostros appropiare et tenere et omnino ab eis recipere et cuicumque altri pro nostra voluntate assedare presenti assedatione extunc vires nullatenus habitura. In cuius rei testimonium parti huius indenture sive carte indentate penes nos et conventum Sancti Andree remansure quia dicta joneta sigillum non habuit sigillum nobilis viri thome monypeny scutiferi domini de kinkell cum instancia apponi procuravit apud Sanctum Andream die vicesima quinta mensis januarii anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo octavo coram hiis testibus Alexandro de fersyth et Roberto filio willelmi civibus civitatis Sancti Andree predicte ac multis aliis parti vero remansure penes dictam Jonetam et heredes suos supratalliatos sigillum commune capituli nostri est appensum anno die mense et loco supradictis.
Reverse: carta jonete de douglass super tenemento jacente infra ambitum elemosinarie juxsta portam superiorem abbacie.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/20
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting a tenement in St Andrews to John de le Hay
Date 2 August 1426
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Jacobus miseracione diuina prior ecclesie cathedralis sanctiandree eternam in domino salutem. Noueritis nos utilitate monasterii nostri diligenter pensata de communicato consilio consensu pariter et assensu capituli nostri assedasse et ad firmam dimisisse in feodo et hereditate ac presenti carta nostra confirmasse dilecto nostro domino Johanni de le hay Rectori ecclesie de Slanys et heredibus suis et suis assignatis nobis et successoribus nostris gratis et acceptis terram nostram ac tenementum cum pertinenciis que quidem terra siue quidem tenementum fuit aliquando Johannis Roberti iacens infra civitatem sanctiandree in vico australi eiusdem civitatis et ex parte australi eiusdem vici inter terram Willelmi Wricht ex parte orientali ex parte una et terram Johannis Roberti lathomi ex parte occidentali et ex parte altera quam quidem terram siue tenementum prefatus Johannes Roberti de nobis et monasterio nostro sanctiandree tenuit immediate et possedit et non vi aut metu ductus nec errore lapsus sed sua mera et spontanea voluntate per fustum et baculum in manibus nostris sursum reddidit pureque et simpliciter resignauit.Cuius quidem tenementum pars vel frons anterior extendit ad spacium vigintiseptem pedum versus boriam in latitudine et versus austrum ad murum orti elymosinarii ad quantitatem trigntaunius pedum etiam in latitudin. Tenendam et habendam predictam terram siue tenementum cum pertinenciis prout supradictum est predicto domino Johanni et heredibus suis et suis assignatis nobis et successoribus nostris gratis et acceptis de nobis et successoribus nostris nostroque monasterio Sanctiandree in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum cum omnibus et singulis eiusdem terre siue tenementi pertinenciis rectis divisis libertatibus commoditatibus et asiamentis ad dictam terram siue tenementum cum pertinenciis prout supra spectantibus seu quovismodo spectare valentibus in futurum adeo libere quiete honorifice bene et in pace sicut aliqua terra vel tenementum infra dictam Civitatem liberius quiecius et honorificencius teneri consueuit Reddendo inde annuatim predictus dominus Johannes et heredes sui vel sui assignati nobis et successoribus nostris vel elymosinario nostri monasterii qui pro tempore fuerit vel alteri canonico per nos ad hoc deputato quatuor solidos usualis monete Regni Scocie ad duos anni terminos usuales videlicet ad festa pentecostes et sancti Martini in hyeme per equales porciones sine ulteriore dilacione dolo fraude seu mali machinacione quacumque et faciendo pro dicta terra servicium debitum et consuetum ad curias nostras et elymosinarii nostri sicut alie terre vicine et contigue in dicta Civitate nobis vel elymosinario nostro in curiis nostris vel ipsius capitalibus facere consueverunt. Et si contingat dictum dominum Johannem vel heredes suos aut suos assignatos nobis et successoribus nostris gratos et acceptos in solucione dictarum pecuniarum firmalium in tribus terminis consuetis concurrentibus vel distantibus deficere quod absit wlt et concedit pro se heredibus suis et suis assignatis quod dictum tenementum cum omnibus suis pertinenciis ad monasterium Sanctiandree et elymosinarie eiusdem sine omni condicione vel retinemento quocunque omni processu juris consuetudinis siue constitucionum burgalium cessanti libere revertatur nisi iusta et racionabilis causa considerata solucionem ad terminos consuetos impediat supradictam. In cuius rei testimonium huius carte nostre indentate parti cum dicto domino Johanne remanenti sigillum commune capituli nostri est appensum parti vero nobiscum nostroque capitulo remanenti sigillum thome Arthuri Civis Civitatis Sanctiandree per dictum dominum Johannem procuratum est appensum apud Sanctumandream secundo die mensis Augusti Anno domini millesimo quadrigentesimo vicesimosexto presentibus Johanne de Carmychel Constabulario Sanctiandree Patricio de Ramesay Thoma Marschale et Willelmo tauerner Civibus Civitatis supradicte testibus cum multis aliis.
On the back: Carta tenementi quondam domini Johannis hay nunc vero mariorie lang.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/21
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting land in St Andrews to Thomas Laing
Date 4 September 1426
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel adituris Jacobus miseracione divina Prior ecclesie cathedralis sanctiandree eternam in domino salutem. Noveritis nos utilitate monasterii nostri diligenter pensata de comunicato consilio consensu pariter et assensu capituli nostri assedasse et ad firmam dimisisse in feodo et hereditate ac presenti carta nostra confirmasse dilecto nostro Thome Lange Civi Civitatis et heredibus suis et suis assignatis nobis et successoribus nostris gratis et acceptis terram nostram cum pertinenciis que quidem terra fuit aliquando Andree Goldsmyth jacentem infra Civitatem Sanctiandree in vico prioris eiusdem Civitatis et ex parte orientali eiusdem vici inter terram Andree Goldsmyth ex parte boriali ex parte una et terram Johannis Roberti ex parte australi et ex parte altera quam quidem terram prefatus Andreas Goldsmyth de nobis et monasterio nostro Sanctiandree tenuit immediate et possedit et non vi aut metu ductus nec errore lapsus sed sua mera et spontanea voluntate per fustum et baculum in manibus nostris sursum reddidit pureque et simpliciter resignavit Tenendam et habendam predictam terram cum pertinenciis prout supradictus est predicto Thome et heredibus suis et suis assignatis nobis et successoribus nostris gratis et acceptis de nobis et successoribus nostris nostroque monasterio Sanctiandree in feodo et hereditate imperpetuum cum omnibus et singulis eiusdem terre pertinenciis rectis et divisis liberatibus comoditatibus et asiamentis ad dictam terram cum pertinenciis prout supra spectantibus seu quovismodo spectare valentibus in futurum adeo libere quiete honorifice bene et in pace sicut aliqua terra infra dictam Civitatem liberius quiecius et honorificiencius teneri consuevit Reddendo inde annuatim predictus Thomas et heredes sui vel sui assegnati nobis et successoribus nostris vel elymosinario nostri monasterii qui pro tempore fuerit vel altero canonico per nos ad hoc deputato quinque solidos usualis monete Regni Scocie ad duos anni terminos usuales videlicet ad festum pentecostes et sancti Martini in hyeme per equales porciones sine ulteriore dilacione dolo fraude seu mali machinacione quacumque et facendo pro dicta terra servicium debitum et consuetum ad curias nostras et elymosinarii nostri sicut alie terre vicine et contigue in dicta Civitate nobis vel Elymosinario nostro in Curiis nostris vel ipsius capitalibus facere consueverunt. Et si contingat dictum Thomam vel heredes suos aut suos assignatos nobis et successoribus nostris gratos et acceptos in solucione dictarum pecuniarum firmalium in tribus terminis consuetis concurrentibus vel distantibus deficere quod absit Wlt et concedit pro se et heredibus suis et suis assignatis quod dictum tenementum cum omnibus suis pertinenciis ad monasterium Sanctiandree et elymosinarie eiusdem sine omni condicione vel retinemento quocumque omni processu iuris consuetudinis sive
constitucionem burgalium cessanti libere revertatur nisi iusta et racionabilis causa considerata solucionem ad terminos consuetos impediat supradictam. In cuius rei testimonium huius carte nostre indentate parti cum dicto Thoma remanenti siglillum commune capituli nostri est appensum parti vero nobiscum capituloque nostro remanenti sigillum Johannis de Camera ballivi Civitatis Sancti Andree per dictum Thomam procuratum est appensum apud Sanctum andream quarto die mensis septembris Anno domino millesimo quadringentesimo vicesimosexto presentibus Johanne de Cameron Nicholao Armourar Mauricio de Cameron et Johanne galychtly Civibus Civitatis sancti andree testibus cum multis aliis.
On the back: Carta facta Thome Lange de quadam terra in Sancto Andrea.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/117
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting land in St Andrews to John of Culross
Date 27 June 1427
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Jacobus permissione divina prior ecclesie cathedralis Sancti andree et eiusdem loci conventus salutem in domino sempiternam Sciatis nos assedasse et ad feodi firmam dimisisse dilecto nostro Johanni de Culros totam et integram terram nostram iacentem in vico piscatorum civitatis Sancti andree et ex parte orientali eiusdem vici eiusdem inter terram quondam Alexandri hardgate ex parte australi ex parte una et terram Andree Strang ex parte boriali ex parte altera Tenendam et habendam predictam terram cum pertinentiis dicto Johanni de culros et heredibus suis et suis assignatis de nobis et sucessoribus nostris in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum cum omnibus libertatibus commoditatibus et asiamentis ac iustis suis pertinenciis quibuscumque ad dictam terram spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus in futurum adeo libere plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace sicut nos vel predecessores nostri dictam terram cum pertinentiis tenuimus possedimus tenuerunt vel possiderunt temporibus retroactis Reddendo inde annuatim nobis et successoribus nostris duos solidos usualis monete scotie ad duos anni terminos festa videlicet pentecostes et sancti martini in hyeme per equales portiones necnon Willelmo cristun et heredibus suis quinque solidos ac patricio de Rynde et heredibus sex denarios et episcopo Sancti andree qui pro tempore fuerit quatuor denarios et servicium debitum et consuetum tantum pro omni alio onere exactione seu demanda que de dicta terra cum pertinentiis exigi poterunt quomodolibet vel requiri Et si contingat dictum Johannem de Culros heredes suos vel suos assignatos in solucionem dictorum duorum solidorum ad duos anni terminos simul concurrentes deficere volumus quod ipsa terra in tercio termino adveniente ad nos et dictum nostrum monasterium sine ulteriore strepitu iudicii eo ipso libere revertatur In cuius rei testimonium parti huius carte indentate penes dictum Johannem de Culros remansure sigillum commune capituli nostri est appensum parti vero penes nos et dictum nostrum monasterium remansure sigillum venerabilis viri domini Johannis de Scheves decretorum doctoris per dictum Johannem de Culros procuratum est carte appensum Apud Sanctum andream vicesimo septimo die mensis Junii anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo vicesimo septimo presentibus domino Roberto de Dryden domino Johanne Arowse Johanne de Setonn clerico et multis aliis.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/23
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting land in St Andrews to John Potter
Date 13 January 1429 [1430]
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Jacobus divina prior ecclesie cathedralis sancti andree salutem in domino sempiternam. Noveritis nos com communi consensu et assensu conventus nostri super hoc matura deliberacione in capitulo nostro prehabita assedase et ad feodi firmam dimisisse dilecto nostro et speciali Johanni pottare civi civitatis Sancti Andree quondam peciam terre cum pertinenciis volgariter nuncupate le Rude Croftis jacente in vico fori civitatis antedicte ex paret australi eiusdem vici inter terram Willelmi filii Roberti ex paret orientali ex paret una et quandam aliam terram nostram ex paret occidentali et ex paret altera Tenendam et habendam totam predictam terram cum pertinenciis predicto Johanni heredibus suis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum cum omnibus et singulis libertatibus commoditatibus aysiamentis ac justis pertinentiis quibuscumque ad dictam peciam terre spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus in futurum reddendo inde annuatim ad duos anni terminos consuetos festa videlicet pentecostes et sancti martini in hyene per equales porciones predictus Johannus heredes sui et assignati nobis et monasterio nostro sex solidos et octo denarios usualis monete scotie et domino nosrto episcopo Sancti andree qui pro tempore fuerit servicium pro dicta pecia terredebitum et consuetum tantum pro omni alio servicio exaccione sui demanda que de dicta pecia terre cum pertinenciis a quocumque exegi poterit seu requiri In cuius rei testimonium parti huius carte indentate penes dictum Johannem pottare remansure sigillum commune capituli nostri Sancti Andree est appensum parti vero penes nos et nostrum monasterium remansure sigillum dicti Johanni pottar est appensum apud Sanctum Andream decimo tercio die mensis januarii anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo vicesimo nono.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/24
Title Pittance writ: Notarised copy of charter granting income on a tenement in St Andrews to Jonete de Kinloch
Date 15 September 1429
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Johannes Ligiert perpetuus vicarius ecclesie de Dull ac civis Civitatis Sanctiandree salutem in domino sempiterman. Noveritis universitas vestra me cum consensu et assensu amicorum meorum dedisse concessisse et hac presenti carta mea confimasse dilectis meis et specialibus Jonete de Kindeloch Willelmo filio eius et filiis ac filiabus patris carnalis dicti Willelmi procreatis seu procreandis si contingat dominum Willelmum decedere absque pueris sic quod si unus absque pueris decedat altero sibi succedere valeat quemdam annuum redditum sexdecem solidorum de terra mea iacente infra Civitate Sanctiandree in vico boreali eiusdem et ex parte boriali dicti vici inter terram Johannis de pentland ex parte occidentali ex parte una et terram quondam mariorie smyth ex parte orientali et ex parte altera ac omne ius et clameum que ego dictus Johannes in dicto annuo redditu cum pertinenciis habeo habui seu habere potero in futurum per tradicione unius denarii in manibus Johannis galychty tunc ballivi super solum dicte terre resignasse ac statim post huiusmodi resignacione per dicti denarii tradicionem dictis Jonete willelmo et filiis ac filiabus patris carnalis dicti Willelmi procreatus seu procreandis si contingat dictum Willelmum absque pueris decedere saisinam hereditariam de predicto annuo redditu cum pertinenciis debite dare fecisse reservato tamen michi dicti annuo redditu quamdiu vitam duxero in humanis Tenendum et habendum predictum annuum redditum sexdecim solidorum cum pertinenciis predictis Jonete Willelmo et filiis ac filiabus patris carnalis dicti Willelmi procreate seu procreandis si contingat dictum Willelmum decedere absque pueris sic quod si unus decedat absque pueris alter sibi succedere valeat a me et heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum ita libere quiete pacifice bene et in pace sicut aliquis annuus redditus infra Regnum Scocie in burgo per quemcumque detinetur seu etiam possidetur. Ita quod nec ego dictus Johannes nec heredes mei aut aliquis nomine nostro in predicto annuo redditu vel in aliqua eius parte ius vel clameum aliquod exigere potero aut poterunt in futurum. Et si contingat dictam Jonetam et Willelmum filium eius mori dicto Willelmo nullum procreante puerum et patre carnali dicti Willelmi nullum procreante filium vel filiam ego dictus Johannes predictum annuum annuum cum pertinenciis omnibus et per omnia ut premittitur do concedo et presenti carta mea confirmo deo et ecclesie Sanctiandree ac canonicis regularibus ibidem servientibus in perpetuum et servituris in puram et perpetuam elimosinam pro salute anime mee dicte Jonete et filiorum ac filiarumeius et pro animabus patris et matris et omnem fidelium defunctorum Et ego vero predictus Johannes heredes mei predictum annuum redditum cum pertinenciis predictus Jonete Willelmo et omnibus aliis ut premittitur contra omnes homines et feminas mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus. In cuius rei testimonium quia sigillum proprium ad presens non habui sigillum honorabilis viri Roberti buctiller domini de Ramgally una cum sigillo communi Civitatis Sanctiandree per me cum instancia procuratum huic carte mee est appensum apud Sanctumandream decimoquinto die mensi septembris Anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo vicesimonono coram hiis testibus Thoma arthuri Willelmo byset David brounn Johanne de pentland Andrea bowar et Ricardo roberti bidellis Civitate Sanctiandree. - Notary's mark - Et ego Willelmus de Bonis Sancti andree diocesi almeque universitate eiusdem bedellus iuratus publicus imperiali auctoritate notarius premissis dacioni concessioni confirmacioni resignacioni saisineque dacioni necnon et resignacioni ceterisque omnibus et singulis dum sicut premittitur dicerentur et fierent una cum prenominatis testibus presens interfui eaque omnia et singula sic fieri et dici vidi et audivi ac in notam sumpsi ideoque hanc cartam manu mea propria scriptam signo et nomine meis solitis et consuetis ad instanciam dicte Jonete de Kyndeloch signavi rogatus et requisitus coram testibus supradictis in fidem et testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/25
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting land in St Andrews to Thomas Senescall
Date 20 July 1430
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris mariora littistar salutem in domino. Noveritis me non vi aut metu ductam nec errore lapsam sed ex mea mera et spontanea voluntate pure libere et simpliciter vendidisse ac titulo vendicionis alienasse et per presentes literas vendere et alienare venerabili meo domino Thome Senescalli archidiacono sancti andree quamdam terram meam cum pertinenciis iacentem in vico australi civitatis sanctiandree et ex parte australi eiusdem inter terram Johannis Rugillane ex parte orientali ex parte una et communem venellam qua iter ducit ad ecclesiam sancti leonardi ex parte occidentali ex parte altera per quadam certa summa pecunie michi in mea urgenti necessitate pre manibus per eundem dominum Thomam gratanter persoluta de qua quidem summa sic soluta teneo me bene contentum et pacatum ac omne ius et clameum que ego dicta mariora in dicta terra cum pertinenciis habeo habui seu quocumque titulo habere potero vel potui mediantibus meis procuratoribus videlicet Thoma Ramsay et Thoma Arthuri in manibus honesti mei Johannis de Haldarston ballivi prioris et conventus Sanctiandree in Regno Scocie per terre et lapidis tradicionem super solum dicte terre plenarie resignasse posteaque statim per retradicionem dicte terre ac lapidis saysinam hereditariam predicte terre cum pertinenciis predicto domino Thome heredibus suis et assignatis per eundem ballivum debite dari fecisse tenendam et habendam totam predictam terram cum pertinenciis predicto domino thome heredibus suis et assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum sine retenemento vel contradictione aliquali cum omnibus et singulis libertatibus commoditatibus aysiamentis ac iustis pertinenciis quibuscumque tam non nominatis quam nominatis tam subtus terram quam super terram tam procul quam prope ad predictam terram spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum ita libere quiete honorifice bene et in pace sicut ego dicta marioria aut antecessores mei predictam terram cum pertinenciis tenui vel possedi tenuerunt vel possiderunt temporibus retroactis reddendo inde annuatim predictus dominus Thomas heredes sui et assignati priori et conventui monasterii beati andree apostoli in regno scocie sexdecim solidos usualis monete scocie ad duos annni terminos usuales videlicet ad festum penthicostes et sancti martini in yeme per equales porciones ac eciam domino priori antedicto servicium pro dicta terra debitum et consuetum tantum pro omni exaccione seculari seu demanda que de dicta terra vel aliqua parte parte ipsius a quocumque exigi poterit vel requiri . Ita quod nec ego dicta marioria heredes mei aut assignati aut aliquis nomine nostro in dicta terra cum pertinenciis aut aliqua parte ipsius ius vel clameum possessionem aut proprietatem aliquo tempore in futurum potero vel poterint vindicare ded ab eadem simus penitus exclusi et absoluti in perpetuum per presentes. Et ego vero dicta marioria heredes mei at assignati totam predictam terram cum pertinenciis ac meam vendicionem et alienacionem sibi exinde facta predicto domino Thome heredibus suis et assignatis contra omnes mortales homines et feminas warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus. In cuius rei testimonium quia ego dicta marioria sigillum proprium non habui sigillum nobilis viri domini Andree Gray militis domini de fowlis per me cum instancia procuratum una cum appensione sigilli communis civitatis Sanctiandree presentibus est appensum vicesimo die mensis julii anno domini millesimo quadrengentesimo tricesimo coram istis testibus fratri Johanne de Anderston rectori de ketnes domino waltero scot vicario de fowlis willwlmo de kynard thoma arthuri Johanne de Camera johanne cameron johanne fawhope henrico brand ricardo kyd et Jacobo Lamby dicte civitatis civibus et multis aliis rogatis et requisitis in fidem et testimonium omnium premissorum.
On the back: Carta mariote littistar facta domino thome senescalli Carta Katrine Horsbruk tenementi iacenti prope venellam Sancti Leonardi.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/26
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting land in St Andrews to John Feldie
Date 8 August 1434
Omnibus hanc Cartam visuris vel audituris Willelmo Boware canonicus regularis cathedralis ecclesie Sanctiandree ac perpetuus vicarius civitatis eiusdem eternam in domino salutem Sciatis me dedisse concessisse et ad feodi firmam dimisisse ac presenti carta mea confirmasse dilecto nepoti meo honorabili viro domino Johanni feldew decretorum doctori vicario perpetuo parochialis ecclesie de Lithges totam illam terram meam iacentem in vico australi civitatis Sanctiandree ex parte australi eiusdem vici inter terram Johannis hakmam ex parte orientali ex parte una et terram thome perryn ex parte occidentali ex parte altera una cum annuo redditu sex denariorum predicte terre Thome perryn Tenendam et habendam predictam terram cum suis pertinentiis ac annuo redditu predicto prefato domino johanni heredibus suis et assignatis a meheredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum libere quiete plenarie honorifice bene et in pace cum omnibus suis commodatibus libertatibus et aysiamentis ac iustis suis pertinentiis quibuscumque ad dictam terram cum annuo redditu spectantibus seu quovismodo spectare valentibus in futurum adeo liberius quiecius et honorificencius sicut aliqua terra infra dictam civitatem per quemcumque tenetur seu possidetur et sicut ego dictam terram cum annuo redditu tenui et possedi temporibus retroactis Reddendo inde dictus dominus Johannes heredes sui et sui assignati michi heredibus meis et assignatis annuatim ad duos anni terminos usuales festa videlicet Sancti martini in hyeme et penticostes quadraginta solidos monete legalis Scotie nomine annui redditus et duncano archibaldi decem denarios et agnete ferflay decem denarios et thome de Steklaw decem denarios eorum heredibus et assignatis ad dictos terminos annuatim per equales porciones et domino nostro episcopo Sancti andree quatuor denarios pro firma burgali et servicium debitum et consuetum tantum pro omnibus aliis exaccionibus sive demandiis que de dicta terra cum annuo redditu quomodolibet exigi poterunt vel requiri. Et ego vero dictus Willelmus heredes mei et assignati predictam terram cum annuo redditu predicto in omnibus et per omnia prout supra dictum est prefato domino Johanni heredibus suis et suis assignatis warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus contra omnes mortals. In cuius rei testimonium presenti carte mee indentate ex parti remanenti apud dictum dominum Johannem sigillum meum una cum sigillo honorabilis viri Thome arthuri aldermanni dicte Civitatis parti vero remanenti apud me sigilla discretorum virorum Willelmi de kinnarde et Thome marschiale civitatis sepe dicte civium mutuo et vicissim procuravimus apponi coram hiis testibus videlicet Waltero gray et Johanne Cameron civibus eciam dicte Civitatis apud Sanctumandream octavo die mensis augusti Anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo tricesimoquarto.

Title Pittance writ: Charter granting funds for lighting in St Andrews Cathedral
Date 7 September 1443
Description Charter by William, Earl of Douglas and Avendale (Comes de Douglas et de Avendale), granting coin to support a lamp in St Andrews cathedral
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Willelmus Comes de Douglas et de Avendale et dominus Salwidie eternam in domino salutem Ex devoccione antecessorum nostrorum pie incitati ad illa mentis nostre desiderium convertimus perficienda que largiente omni conditori non in simplum sed in centuplum retribuuntur Igitur ad honorem dei omnipotentis et gloriose virginis Marie et Sancti Andree apostoli regno Scotie Patroni noveritis nos pro salute anime nostre antecessorum et successorum nostrorum dedisse et confirmasse ac presenti carta nostra dare et confirmare deo et Sancto Andree apostoli ac canonicis ecclesie eiusdem deo servientibus et in perpetuum servituris illas duas marcas legalis monete Scotie quas antecessores nostri recipere solebant annuatim de Chana terrarum nostrarum de Westir Cullessy infra vicecomitatum de fyffe in puram et perpetuam elimosinam ad sustentacionem luminaris coram ymagine Sancti Andree in Cathedrali ecclesia eiusdem ad magnum altare ubi collocatur ymago illa que wlgariter nuncupatur le douglas lady quamquidem elimosinam antecessores nostri fundaverunt concesserunt et donaverunt deo et Sancto Andree apostolo in perpetuum ab antiquo prout nos longevus usus et autentica scripta plene informarunt. Tenendas et habendas dictas duas marcas dictis canonicis Sancti Andree a nobis et nostris successoribus in perpetuum in puram et perpetuam elimosinam cum omnibus asiamentis ac iustis pertinenciis suis adeo libere quiete plenarie honorifice bene et in pace sicut antecessores nostri seu aliquis eorum illas tenuerunt et possederunt tenuit et possedit temporibus retroactis at sicut aliqua elimosina liberius quietius et honorificencius tenetur seu possedetur infra regnum Scotie. Volumus insuper pro nobis et successoribus nostris in perpetuum ac presenti carta nostra confirmamus quod tenentes nostri dictarum terrarum nostrarum de Westir Cullessy ad solvendum dictas duas marcas proporcionaliter ad duos anni terminos festa videlicet Pentecostes et Sancti Martini in hieme dictis cononicis stricte in perpetuum teneantur obligati eisque et eorum cuilibet sub debito fidelitatis et homagii pro nobis et successoribus nostris nichilominus iniungimus quatinus nullo alio mandato aut successorum nostrorum interveniente seu aliqualiter expectato dictam elimosinam nostram persolvant et persolvi faciant integre et cum effectu. De qua quidem solucione deo et Sancto Andree apostolo ut prefertur faciendam ex nobis et successoribus nostris in perpetuum tenemus nos contentos et pacatos et dictos nostros tenentes omnesque alios mortales temporibus pro futuris tenore presentis carte noste et confirmacionis quitos clamamus in perpetuum. In cuius rei testimonium sigillum nostrum presenti carte nostre ad perpetuam huius rei memoriam est appensum apud Sanctum Andream septimo die mensis septembris anno domini millesimo quadringentesimotercio Coram hiis testibus reverendo in Christo patre domino Jacobo Episcopo Sancti Andree domino Jacobo [ab]bate de [...] domino Johanne de [...] Officiali Sancti andree dominis Waltero Steuart de bincle et Jacobo de Achleck militibus cum multis aliis.
On the back: Carta regis et comitis de Douglas de annuo redditu de culessy cum confirmatione marka annui redditus de murkamby [Muircambus]
Call Number UYSL110/PW/118
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting land in St Andrews to John Portatyvis
Date 25 July 1450
Universis ad quos presentes littere pervenerint Jacobus miseratione divina Episcopus Sancti andree Salutem Noveritis nos unanimi consensu et assensu capituli nostri dedisse concessisse et hac presenti carta nostra confirmasse nostro servitori speciali et dilecto Johanni portatyvis pro suo bono et fideli servicio nobis sepius impenso et in posterum impendendo totam et integram terram illam cum pertinentiis iacentem in vico australi Civitatis nostre Sancti andree et ex parte australi vici eiusdem inter terram Johannis de Rugillane ad orientem ex parte una et communem venellam per quam itur ad ecclesiam sancti leonardi confessoris in longitudine in latitudine vero a via regia versus boriam usque ad ecclesiam Sancti leonardi antedicti versus austrum libero tenemento predicte terre cum pertinentiis Gefrido de pantre pro omnibus diebus sue vite tantummodo reservato Tenendam et habendam totam et integram predictam terram cum pertinentiis predicto Johanni Partatiwe heredibus suis et assignatis a nobis heredibus nostris successoribus et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum sine contradictione quacumque in omnibus et singulis metis suis marchiis et divisis libertatibus commoditatibus et aysiamentis ac iustis pertinentiis quibuscumque tam non nominatis quam nominatis ad predictam terram spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum adeo libere quiete plenarie honorifice bene et in pace sicut aliqua talis terra infra nostram civitatem conceditur seu donatur tenetur seu possidetur Reddendo inde predictus Johannes heredes sui et assignati magistro elimosine hospitalis sancti leonardi confessoris octodecem solidos usualis monete regni scocie annuatim ad duos anni terminos festa videlicet penthecostes et sancti martini in hyeme per equales medias porciones et priori et conventui monasterii beati Andree apostoli servicium pro dicta terra debitum et consuetum tantum pro omni alio onere exactione seu demanda que de dicta terra cum pertinentiis a quocumque exigi poterit seu requiri Et nos vero Jacobus Episcopus antedictus heredes nostri successores et assignati totam et integram predictam terram cum pertinentiis ac donaiionem et concessionem eiusdem in omnibus et per omnia ut prescritum est predicto Johanni Portatywe heredibus suis et assignatis contra omnes mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus Datum sub sigillo nostro unacum appensione sigilli capituli nostri antedicti Apud Sanctumandream vicesimo quinto die mensis Julii anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo quinquagesimo et nostre consecracionis anno undecimo.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/37
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting land in St Andrews to Mr Thomas de Logie
Date 24 May 1456
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Johannes Portatyffis salutem in domino Sciatis me pure et simpliciter vendidisse et alienasse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse provido viro magistro thome de logy Rectori ecclesie de kenbak quandam terram meam cum pertinenciis jacentem in vico australi civitatis Sancti andree ex parte australi vici eiusdem inter terram Johannis de Rugillan ex parte orientali et venellam sancti leonardi ex parte occidentali quam terram habui ex conquestu meo pro quadam summa pecunie michi per eundem magistrum thomam pre manibus gratanter persoluta de qua Summa teneo me bene contentum et pacatum Tenendam et habendam totam et intigram predictam terram cum pertinenciis predicto magistro thome heredibus suis et assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditatem in perpetuum sine contradiccione quacumque cum omnibus libertatibus commoditatibus et aisiamentis ac iustis pertinenciis quibuscumque ad dictam terram spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus in futurum quoquo modo libere quiete plenarie et honorifice bene et in pace sicut ego predictus johannes aut antecessores mei tenui vel possedi tenuerunt vel possiderunt temporibus retroactis Reddendo inde annuatim dictus magister thomas heredes sui et assignati priori et conventui monasterii sancti andree octodecim solidos usualis monete regni scocie ad duos anni terminos ad fessta videlicet penthecostes et sancti martini in hieme per equales medias porciones tantum pro omni onere exacione seu demanda que de dicta terra exigi poterit seu requiri Sic quod nec ego dictus Johannes heredes mei aut assignati aut aliquis nomine nostro in dicta terra cum pertinenciis jus vel clameum aliquod exigere potero seu poterint seu quovsimodo vindicare sed ab eadem simus penitus exclusi in perpetuum per presentes Et ego vero dictus Johannes heredes mei et assignati totam et intigram predictam terram cum pertinenciis predicto magistro thome de logy heredibus suis et assignatis in forma ut premittitur contra omnes mortales homines et feminas warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus In cuius Rei testimonium sigillum Alexandri kenady ballivi saisine dicte terre predicto magistro thome date una cum appensione sigilli communis civitatis sancti andree presentibus cum instancia apponi procuravi apud sanctum andream vicesimo quarto die mensis maii anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo quinquagesimo sexto coram istis testibus georgio martyn tunc predicte civitatis preposito Willelmo bonar Roberto Balmanow david fothringham magistro david monipeny Roberto scalpy thoma marschiale nicholaio Armorar Roberto akman Jacobo lamby et aliis diversis in testimonium requisitis.
On the back: Carta magistri Thome logye data per Johannem portatyss Carta Katrine horsbruk tenementi in vico australi.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/38
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting a tenement in St Andrews to John Sipse
Date 2 April 1460
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Andreas broun salutem in domino sempiternam. Noveritis non vi aut metu ductum nec errore lapsum aut fraude quovismodo circumventum sed mea pura et spontanea voluntate utilitate mea in hac parte diligenter prepensata et considerata pure libere et simpliciter vendidisse ac titulo vendicionis et alienacionis alienasse et per presentes litteras vendere et alienare Johanni Sipse civi civitatis Sancti andree quodam tenementum meum cum pertinenciis iacente in vico australi civitatis Sancti andree ex parte australi vici eiusdem inter terram johannis lany ex parte orientali ex parte una et terram Johannis bonar ex parte occidentali ex parte altera pro quadam certa summa pecunie michi per eundem Johannem in mea urgente necessitate pre manibus gratanter persoluta de qua summa teneo me bene contentum et pacatum et predictum Johannem heredes suos et assignatos quitum clamo seu quitos clamo per presentes in perpetuum Ac omne ius et clameum seu iuris et recti clameum que in vel ad dictum tenementum cum pertinenciis habeo habui seu quocumque titulo habere putui vel potero in futurum seu heredes mei et assignati in tenemento antedicto habent vel quocumque titulo habere poterint per tradicionem terre et lapidis super solum dicti tenementi in manibus honorabilis viri Alexandri Kenedy ballivi prioris et conventus sancti andree sponte resignasse posteaque statum per tradicionem dicte terre et lapidis saisinem hereditariam predicti tenementi cum pertinenciis predicto Johanni et heredibus suis et assignatis ut ordo iuris est in burgo plenarie et sine fraude per eundem ballivum debite dari fecisse ante cuius tenementi resignacionem dictus ballivus volens ad dictam saisinam rite procedere iuramentum a me recepit corporale quod in manibus suis tactis sacrosantis evangeliis prestiti cum effectu quod ad huiusmodi resignacionem faciendum non fui aut vi aut metu ductus nec errore lapsus set ex mea vera et libere voluntate et urgente necessitate huiusmodi tenementum vendidi et resignacionem eiusdem feci ex causa antedicta et nullomodo coactus et hoc idem iuramentum facio presentium litterarum per tenorem Tenendum et habendum totum predictum tenementum cum pertinenciis predicto Johanni heredibus suis et assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum sine retenemento vel contradiccione aliquali cum omnibus et singulis libertatibus commoditatibus et asiamentis iustis pertinentiis quibuscumque tam non nominatis quam nominatis tam subtus quam supra tam procul quam prope ad predictum tenementum spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus in futurum. Ita libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace sicut ego dictus Andreas aut antecessores mei predictum tenementum cum pertinenciis tenui vel possedi tenuerunt vel possederunt temporibus retroactis Reddendo inde annuatim predictus Johannes heredes sui et assignati priori et conventui beati Andree Apostoli duodecim solidos usualis monete Regni Scocie ad duos anni terminos usualis videlicet ad festum pentecostes et Sancti martini in yeme per equales porciones et servicium debitum et consuetum tantum pro omni exaccione onere vel demanda que de dicta terra cum pertinenciis a quocumque exegi poterit vel requiri. Et ego vero dictus Andreas broun heredes mei et assignati totum predictum tenementum cum pertinenciis predicto Johanni heredibus suis et suis assignatis in forma ut premittitur contra omnes mortales homines et feminas warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus In cuius rei testimonium quia ego Dictus Andreas sigillum proprium non habui Sigillum honorabilis viri alexandri Kennedy de Wruell ballivi saisinam dantis una cum sigillo Willelmi bonar prepositi civitatis Sancti andree presentibus cum instancia apponi procuravi apud Sanctum andream die secundo mensis Aprilis Anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo sexagesimo coram istis testibus venerabilibus et discretis viris magistris David Kay et Andrea Ramsay ecclesiarum parochialum de Idny et Achterdern rectoribus domino Johanne broun Roberto Arthur Thoma baxtar Jacobo bonar Roberto Akmann Wllelmo Zoull Alexandro bochcumwhann henrico de Kyngom Finlao hay thoma arthur et multis aliis in testimonium requisitis.
-Notary’s mark- Et ego Johannes Cameron clericus Sancti Andree diocesis publicus auctoritate Imperiali notarius predictis iuramenti exhibicioni resignacioni saisine tradicioni Sigillorum procuracioni ceterisque omnibus et singulis dum sic ut premittitur agerentur et fierent presens personaliter interfui eaque sic fieri vidi dici et audivi ac in notam sumpsi Eoque presens publicum instrumentum huius modi cartam saisinam et alia subscripta in se continen exinde confeci propria manu scripsi Signoque et nomine meis solitis et consuetis una cum appensione Sigilli predicti willelmi bonar prepositi civitatis predicte per Robertum Arthur assignationem se Curatorem et gubernatorem predicti Andree cum instancia coram testibus prescriptis procuratum ad maiorem huius rei evidenciam signavi et convenivi rogatus et requisitus in fidem et testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum Anno die mense subscriptis Indiccione octava pontificatus Sanctissimi in Christo patris et domini nostri pii divina providencia pape secundi anno secundo.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/41
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting the income on a tenement in St Andrews to William de Carmichael
Date 6 May 1462
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Gilbertus kenedy de kyrkmychale salutem in domino sempiternam Sciatis me dedisse concessisse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse honorabili armigero Wilelmo de Carmychale de medowflat fratri meo cordiali pro suo consilio michi impenso quendam annuum redditum quadraginta et quinque solidorum de quodam tenemento meo cum pertinenciis jacente infra Civitatem Sancti Andree in vico castri et ex latere australi vici eiusdem inter tenementum Wilelmi lorymer ex parte orientali ex parte una et quoddam tenementum pertinens ecclesie fratrum predicatorum ex parte occidentali ex parte altera usualis monete regni Scocie annuatim pro perpetuo per dictum Willelmum heredes suos et assignatos ad duos anni terminos usuales consuetos videlicet ad festa pentecostes et Sancti martini in yeme per equales medias porciones levandorum et percipiendorum Tenendum et habendum dictum annuum redditum quadraginta et quinque solidorum prefato Willelmo heredibus suis et assignatis de dicto meo tenemento cum pertinenciis annuatim pro perpetuo levandorum et percipiendorum Adeo libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace in omnibus et per omnia sicut aliquis annuus redditus infra dictam civitatem alicui datur conceditur aut posseditur sine contradictione revocatione aut obstaculo quibuscumque Et ego vero dictus Gilbertus heredes mei et assignati seu successores dictum annuum redditum quadraginta quinque solidorum prefato Wilelmo heredibus suis et assignatis in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est contra omnes homines et feminas mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et pro perpetuo fid[eli]ter defendemus In cuius rei testimonium silgillum meum huic presenti carte mee est appensum apud [Sanctum] andream sexto die mensis maii Anno Domini Millesimo quadringentesimo Sexagesimo Secund[o].

Call Number UYSL110/PW/42
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting a tenement in St Andrews to Gilbert Kennedy
Date 4 May 1462
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Wilelmus de Carmychale de medowflat Salutem in domino sempiternam Sciatis me dedisse concessisse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse honorabili armigero Gilberto Kenedy de Kirkmychale fratri meo cordiali pro suo consilio michi impenso totum et integrum tenementum meum cum pertinenciis jacens infra Civitatem Sanctiandree in vico castri et ex latere australi vici eiusdem inter tenementum Wilelmi lorymer ex parte orientali ex parte una et quoddam tenementum pertinens ecclesie fratrum predicatorum ex parte occidentali ex parte altera Tenendum et habendum dictum tenementum cum pertinenciis prefato Gilberto heredibus suis et assignatis a me et heredibus meis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum cum libero introitu et exitu prout iacet in longitudine et in latitudine in liberum burgagium Adeo libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace in omnibus et per omnia sicut aliquod tenementum infra dictam Civitatem alicui datur conceditur aut posseditur sine contradictione revocacione aut obstaculo quibuscumque Reddendo inde annuatim dictus gilbertus heredes sui et assignati firmam burgi debitam et consuetam tantum pro omni alio onere servicio seculari exactione seu demanda que de dicto tenemento cum pertinenciis per quoscumque exegi poterunt quomodolibet in futurum vel requiri Et ego vero dictus Wilelmus heredes mei et successores dictum tenementum cum pertinenciis prefato gilberto heredibus suis et assignatis in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est contra omnes homines et feminas mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et pro perpetuo fideliter defendemus In Cuius rei testimonium Sigillum meum huic presenti carte mee est appensum apud mortainhall quarto die mensis maii Anno Domini Millesimo quadringentesimo Sexagesimo Secundo.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/43
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting a tenement in St Andrews to Richard Young
Date 20 March 1463 [1464]
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris dominus hugo de levenay vicarius perpetuus de monymeli Salutem in domino [semp]iternam Noveritis non vi aut metu ductum nec errore lapsum aut dolo quovismodo circumventum sed ex mea certa sententia meaque mera et spontanea voluntate utilitateque mea previsa vendidisse ac a me et heredibus meis et assignatis titulo pure vendicionis pro perpetuo et invocabiliter alienasse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse discreto viro domino Ricardo zong rectori de lamyntoun unum tenementum Jacens infra civitatem Sancti andree super venellam communem extendentem ad castrum ex parte occidentali ab una et tenementum magistri Thome logy rectoris de Kenbak ex parte orientali ab altera pro quadam certa summa pecunie michi premanibus in mea necessitate per dictum dominum ricardum persoluta de qua quidem summa fateor me bene contentum et persolutum ac eiusdem heredes suos et assignatos pro me et heredibus meis de eadem pro perpetuo quitus calmo per presentes Tenendum et habendum dictum tenementum cum pertinentiis prefato domino Ricardo heredibus suis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum per omnes rectas metas suas antiquas et divisas tam in longitudine quam in latitudine tam in fronte quam in cauda tam subtus terra quam super terram procul et prope extendetes ad terram heredum quondam Johannis Flemynn Necnon cum omnibus aliis commoditatibus libertatibus proficius et asiamentis ac iustis suis pertinenciis quibuscumque ad dictum tenementum cum pertinenciis spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum libere quiete plenarie et integre honorifice bene et in pace sine aliquo retenemento vel contradictione qualicumque in futurum Reddendo inde dictus dominus Ricardus heredes sui et assignati domino de hoxmonth qui pro tempore fuerit sex denarios usualis monete regni scothie annuatim et sex solidos heredibus Georgii de Carmychael quondam civis dicte civitatis Necnon quinque solidos dicte monete Henrico Scheves civis prefati civitatis annuatim annui redditus ad duos anni terminos usuales videlicet festa pentecostes et Sancti martini in yeme per equales porciones tum pro omni alio onere servicio seculari exactione seu demanda que de dicto tenemento cum pertinenciis per quemcumque exigi poterunt vel requiri seu aliqualiter demandari Et ego vero dominus hugo heredes mei et assignati prefatum tenementum cum pertinenciis predicto domino Ricardo heredibus suis et assignatis in omnibus et per omnium ut premissum est contra omnes mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus In cuius rei testimonium sigillum meum una cum sigillo Johannis thome ballivorum dicte civitatis datoris sasine dicti tenementi prefato domino ricardo facti huic presente carte mee sunt appensa apud dictam civitatem vicesimo die mensis marcii Anno domini millesimo cccc sexagesimo tercio coram hiis testibus venerabilibus et providis viris Magistro Alexandro Zonq rectore ecclesiam de forther? domino duncano yalulok notario [publico] in donacione dicte sasine Nicholao plumbar Johannes Wallas et Johanne zoung cum diversis aliis.
Call Number UYSL110/PW/119
Title Pittance writ: Decreet concerning the building of a gable on a house in St Andrews
Date 4 September 1464
In dei nomine Amen per hoc presens publicum Instrumentum cunctis pateat evidenter quod anno ad incarnacione eiusdem millesimo quadringentesimo sexagesimo quarto mensis vero septembris die quarto Indictione duodecima pontificatus sanctissimi in Christo patris ac domini nostri domini pii divina providentia pape secundi anno septimo In mei notarii publici et testium subscriptorum presentia personaliter constituti honorabiles viri Johannes lany et Johannes sipseis cives civitatis sancti andree penes debatam sine controversia ortam inter eosdem super edificatione gabuli occidentalis anterioris tenementi dicti Johannis lany et illius occasione orta propter bonum pacis et concordie se ipsos submiserunt in alto et in basso lando ordinacione et decreto venerabilium et providorum virorum domini david kay decretorum doctoris Alexandri smaile Willelmi days et fynlai hay civium dicte civitatis et case discordie Jacobi Thomson superioris in hac parte unius ballivorum eiusdem civitatis dictique Johannes lany et Johannis sipseis se fidemedia obligarunt in notario publico infrascripto quod numquam ullis temporibus profuturis aliquo modo devenirent contra ordinacionem seu decretorum dictorum compromissariorum et amicabilium compositorum quo facta dicti compromissarii sive amicabiles compositorum quo facto dicti compromissarii sive amicabiles compositores huiusmodi omnes in se assumpserunt et auditis et intellectis singulis iuribus informacionibus aliis probatoribus quibus dicte partes uti intendebant in premissis suam sententiam in vulgari tulerunt sub hac forma // we david kay doctor in ye decretis Johannis thomson one of ye balzeis Alexander smaile fynlaw hay et wilzam days citineris of ye cete of Saintandrew amiabile compositouris and arbitratouris chosyn be ye consentis of John of lany on ye ta part and John sipseis on ye ta part anente ye controverse and debatis being betvex ye said partis because and thran reson of ye bygin of john of laneys wester gawill and yat occasion bayth ye partis beand obliset be ye trentht of yar bodyis to stand asaldly till our decret and ordinance forevermore in tym to cum avenire ye said debatis We ordand and discretis that Jhon sipseis sall pay and content in algudly hast till Jhon of lany to helpe to byg his gawill forsaid twenty shelyngs for ye quhilk twenty shelyngs ye said Jhoan sipseis sall haw all esyamentis in ye said gawill baytht rabat lyntall dormont towall to his thymnay and all other esyamentis And Jhon sipsis sall now quhes Jhon of lany bigis his gawill bryng his rabatis and festyn yaim in ye gawill and gif he has lyntalis reddy he sall put yaim in and gif he has yaim not reddy Jhon of lany sall lef him sufficient rownne in ye gawbill to put yaim in quhen it pless hym And for to pate the said Johannes sipsis on ye west side ye fannyn Jhon sipseis sall giff in mendment till Jhon of lany in maner as is befor said sex schelings and awtht penneis Johannes Sipseis lyntall of his yet and all other thingis standand is yai dide of befor Super quibus omnibus et singulis prefatus Johannes Sipseis a me notario publico sibi fieri peciit presens publicum instrumentum Acta fuerunt hec in domo habitacionis dicte Johannis lany sub anno indictione die mense et pontificatu quibus supra presentibus Ibidem dictis david doctor et aliis compromissariis testibus ad premissa vocatis specialiter et Rogatis

Call Number UYSL110/PW/44
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting a tenement in St Andrews to Thomas Logie
Date 1465
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Johannes Portatyffis salutem in domino Noveritis me non vi aut metu ductum nec errore lapsum sed ex mea mera et spontanea voluntate pure libere et simpliciter vendidisse ac titulo vendicionis alienasse et per presentes literas vendere et alienare discreto et circumspecto viro Magistro Thome Logy Rectori de Kenbak ac ecclesiarum collegiatarum Capelle Regie et Sancti salvatoris Infra civitatem Sanctiandree Canonico quondam terram meam cum pertinenciis iacentem in vico australi civitatis Sanctiandree et ex parte australi eiusdem inter terram Johannis Ruglen ex parte orientali ex parte una et communem venellam qua iter ducitur ad ecclesiam beati leonardi ex parte occidentali ex parte altera pro quadam certa summa pecunie michi in mea urgente necessitate pre manibus per eundem Magistrum thomam gratanter persoluta de qua quidem summa sic soluta teneo me bene contentum et pacatum ac eundem Magistrum thomam quietum clamo de predictam summam in perpetuum Tenendam et habendam totam predictam terram cum pertinenciis predicto Magistro thome heredibus suis et assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum sine retinemento vel contradictione aliquali cum omnibus et singulis libertatibus commoditatibus aysiamentis ac iustis suis pertinenciis quibuscumque tam non nominatis quam nominatis tam subtus terram quam supra terram procul quam prope ad predictam terram spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum ita libere quiete honorifice bene et in pace sicut ego dictus Johannes aut antecessores mei predictam terram cum pertinenciis tenui vel possedi tenuerunt vel possiderunt temporibus retroactis Reddendo inde annuatim predictus Magister Thomas heredes sui et assignati priori et conventui Monasterii Sanctiandree apostoli in Regno scocie Sexdecim solidos usualis monete regni scocie ad duos anni terminos videlicet ad festum pentecostes et Sancti martini in yeme per equales porciones Ac eciam domino priori antedicto servicium pro dicta terra debitum et consuetum tantum pro omni exactione seculari seu demanda que de dicta terra vel aliqua parte ipsius a quocumque exegi poterit vel requiri. Ita quod nec ego dictus Johannes heredes mei et assignati aut aliquis nomine nostro in dicta terra cum pertinenciis aut aliqua parte ipsius ius vel clameum possessionem aut proprietatem aliquo tempore in futurum potero vel poterint vendicare sed ab eadem simus penitus exclusi et absoluti in perpetuum per presentes. Et ego vero dictus Johannes heredes mei et assignati totam predictam terram cum pertinenciis ac meam vendicionem et alienacionem sibi ex inde factam predicto Magistro thome heredibus suis et assignatis contra omnes mortales homines et feminas Warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus. In cuius rei testimonium quia ego dictus Johannis Sigillum proprium non habui Sigillum venerabilis et circumspecti viri Alexandri Kennydy de urvell Capitani castri Sancti andree ac ballivi dicti domini prioris et dictam saisinam dantis presentibus apponi cum instancia procuravi Coram hiis testibus venerabili in Christo patre Colino Abbate de Corsreguel Domino Johanne thome Camerario Henrico mailveil domino de carnbe Henrico Wardelaw domino de torry Johanne ferny eiusdem domino et Johanne Rollok capellano Anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo sexagesimo quinto.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/45
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting land in St Andrews to Katherine Horsburgh
Date 1467
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Thomas Logy arcium Magister ac in sacra theologia Licenciatus necnon ecclesiarum collegiatarum capelle Regie et Sancti salvatoris canonicus Salutem in domino. Noveritis me non vi aut metu ductum nec errore lapsum Sed ex mea mera et spontanea voluntate pure libere et simpliciter dedisse et alienasse ac dare et alienare dictamque donacionem et alienacionem confirmare per presentes discrete muliere katerine horsbruk quandam terram meam cum pertinenciis iacentem in vico australi civitatis Sanctiandree ex parte australi eiusdem inter terram Johannis Ruglen ex parte orientali ex parte una et communem venellam qua iter ducitur ad ecclesiam beati leonardi ex parte occidentali ex parte altera Tenendam et habendam totam predictam terram cum pertinenciis predicte katerine pro toto tempore vite sue heredibus suis et assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum sine retenemento vel contradictione aliquali cum omnibus et singulis libertatibus commoditatibus asyamentis ac iustis suis pertinenciis quibuscumque tam non nominatis quam nominatis tam subtus terram quam supra terram tam procul quam prope ad predictam terram spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum. Ita libere quiete honorifice bene et in pace sicut ego dictus Magister thomas aut antecessores mei predictam terram cum pertinenciis tenui vel possedi tenuerunt vel possiderunt temporibus retroactis Reddendo inde annuatim predictua katerina heredes sui et assignati priori et conventui monasterii Sancti andree apostoli in Regno Scotie Sexdecim solidos usualis monete Scocie ad duos anni terminos videlicet ad festum pentecostes et Sancti martini in yeme per equales porciones ac eciam domino priori antedicto servicium pro dicta terra debitum et consuetum tantum pro omni exactione seculari seu demanda que de dicta terra vel aliqua parte ipsius a quocumque exegi poterit vel requiri. Ita quod nec ego dictus Magister thomas heredes mei et assignati aut aliquis nomine nostro in dicta terra cum pertinenciis aut aliqua parte ipsius ius vel clameum possessionem aut proprietatem aliquo tempore in futurum potero vel poterint vindicare sed ab eadem simus penitus exclusi et absoluti in perpetuum per presentes. Ita tamen quod liberum tenmentum pro toto tempore vite mee michi reservo sine contradictione qualecumque. Et ego vero dictus Magister thomas heredes mei et assignati totam predictam terram cum pertinenciis ac meam donacionem et alienacionem sibi ex inde factam predicte katerine heredibus suis et assignatis contra omnes mortales homines et feminas warandizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus. In cuius rei testimonium Sigillum meum presentibus est affixum Anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo Sexagesimo Septimo etc.
Call Number UYSL110/PW/120
Title Pittance writ: Deed given by Robert Hemmarss
Date 2 October 1475
In nomine domini Amen Per hoc presens publicum Instrumentum cunctis pateat Evidenter quod Anno incarnacionis Dominice millesimo quadringentesimo Septuagesimo quinto mensis vero Octobris die secunda indictione nona Pontificatus Sanctissimi in Christo patris et domini nostri domini Sexti divina providencia pape quarto anno quinto In mei notarii publici et testium subscriptorum presentia personaliter constitutus venerabilis et Religiosus vir frater Robertus Hemmarss in sacra theologia licenciatus Subprior monasterii Sancti andree coram presentibus viris henrico Schewes de qilquhowss preposito petro monypenny et Johanne Ramsay ballivis Civitatis Sancti andree in curia capituli dicte civitatis tenta in pretorio per eosdem comparuit idem subprior in dicta curia pro parte dicti monasterii et ibidem presentavit petram et terram in quodam panno clauso sub sigillo unius ballivorum dicte civitatis cartas de quodam tenemento iacente in vico boriali dicte civitatis et ex parte boriali eiusdem vici inter terram Walterii Zoung ad orientem et terram quondam magistri Thome logy ad occidentem tamquam ad tertiam Curiam capitalem et hoc ex eo quod dictum tenementum non fuit distringibile pro summa quadraginta octo solidorum et quatuor denariorum annui Redditus debiti dicto monasterio de prefato tenemento de terminis elapsis quod probatum fuit legittime per sufficientes testes de dicta curia ad prefatum tenementum transmissos et iterum regressos Unde dictus dominus subprior asseruit et exposuit quod in tribus curiis capitalibus dicte civiatatis tunc et antea primitus in dicto preterio tentis similiter apperuit et presentari fecit petram et terram qualibet curia captas de dicto tenemento ex eo ut prefertur quod dictum tenementum distringibile pro dicto annuo Redditu minime reperiebatur prefato monasterio annuatim debito Et dicta assercio sic exposito per prefatum dominum subpriorem in toto vera fuit quod clare constat per acta in libro communi dicte civitatis inserta prout eadem clare patent intuenti hiis visis et intellectis Idem dominus subprior Requisivit ballivos prefatos quod sibi ex parte dicti monasterii possessionem dicti tenementi ad iudicare vellent unde prefato domino subpriore de dicta curia remoto et postea rei iurato dictaque curia mature avisata ipsius requisitionem fore iustam et Rationi consonna intellexit ac decrevit propertea per eos Thome blak demptatoris dicte curie possessio dicti tenementi cum pertinentiis antedicto monasterio adiudicata fuit in Signum cuius possessionis prefatas petram et terram subpriori in testimonium vere possessionis tradidit petrus monypenny ballivus antedictus Sic quod nisi heredes quondam domini Ricardi de norchberwyk prefatum tenementum infra annum et diem immediate sequentem legittime recuperarent proprietas dicti tenementi anno et die predictis elapsis ad iudicanda dicto monasterio esset pro perpetuo De et super quibus omnibus et singulis antedictus dominus subprior pro parte prelibati monasterii a me notario publico subscripto sibi fieri peciit unum vel plura publicum seu publica instrumentum seu instrumenta Acta erant hec in dicto pretorio hora undecima ante meridiem vel eocirca presentibus ibidem honorabilibus et providis viris Alexandro Kennydy de Wrwail Willelmo bonar de Rossy Alexandro lammy Alexandro hay Roberto arthur Johanne gib Johanne symsonn cum diversis aliis testibus ad premissa vocatis specialiter et Rogatis Anno die mense indictione et pontificatu quibus supra unacum appensione sigilli petri monypenny ballivi antedicti.
-Notary’s mark- Et ego Georgius monypenny artium magister clericus Sancti andree diocesis publicus imperiali et Regali auctoritatibus notarius publicus quia premissis testium missioni lapidis et terre presentacione requisitione possessionis donacioni indicii prolatione ceterique omnibus aliis et singulis dum sic ut premittitur agerentur et fierent una cum prenominatis testibus presens interfui eaque omnia et singula antedicta sic fieri vidi scivi et audivi ac in notam cepi ideoque hoc presens publicum instrumentum manu mea propria fideliter scriptum exinde confeci et in hanc publicam formam redegi Signoque et nomine meis solitis et consuetis signavi rogatus et Requisitus In fidem et testimonium veritatis ac omnium Singulorum premissorum.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/47
Title Pittance writ: Charter of sale granting land in St Andrews to Thomas Arthur
Date 15 July 1477
Be it maid kend til al men be yir present letters me John Jakson citiner of ye cite of Saint Andrews to be bund and oblist and be yir present letters lelely and treuly be ye saith in me body bundis and oblisis me my aires and my assignais till my weilbelonect Thomas Arthour his airis and assignais yat quhen or quhat tyme ye said Thomas his airis or his assignais pays to me my airis or my assignais ye soum of aucht merks of usual mone of Scotland toggider upon one day betuex ye soum rising and ye ganging to of yat ilk in ye parish kirk of ye said cite upon Saint mychael altar situat within ye said kirk than I my airis or my assignais forsaid sal frely upgif and resign to ye said Thomas his airis or assignais forsaid al ryt and clamen of ryt that I my airis or assignais has or may haf in tym to cum to ye third part of Lambyis croftis lyand in ye wyndmyhill betuex ye comoun pastour of ye said cite upon ye west part and ye comoun kingisgate upon ye est part and to ane crost lyand betuex bedelamen and ye houss of ye airis of umquhil Richart mouss and betuex ye crost of Alexander Jakson upon ye est part and ye crost of Alexander Jakson upon ye west part of ye third part of ane crost lyand at ye tail of bedelamen betuex ye land of me ye said John on ye est part and ye crost of Alexander Hay upon ye west part togidder with all charter and all vyer writtis maid be me to ye said Thomas yarupon And swabe that I my airis or my assignais be warnyt be ye said Thoams his airis or assignais forsaid upon fyvetene days precedend ye day of ye resate of ye said soum upon one sounday witin ye solemnyte of ye mess done in ye said parish kirk and gif it sal happin me my airis or my assignais fraude fully till absent ws fra ye resate of ye said soum and our gevin of ye saidis crostis and ye third part of crosstis with yar pertinens warnyng being maid efter in manner forsaid I grant for me my airis and my assignais to ye said Thomas his airis and his assignais free ingress to ye saidis crostis and third part of crostis with yar pertinens and yain pessably til ioiss and bruck ay and quhil I my airis or my assignais cum mekly to ye resat of ye said soum and our gevin of ye said crostis and third part of crostis with yain pertinens all fraude and gile away put and setludyt In witnes of ye quhill thing to yer my present letters my sele is to hongin at Saint Andrews ye fyveten of ye month of July ye yern of God a Thowsand four hundreth sevynty and sevyn yeris before yis witness John Ramsay Clerk Andrews Thanson John Brand Fynlao Gardenar and Robert Mac Swail with vyer diverss.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/48
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting a tenement in St Andrews to John Learmonth
Date 8 June 1487
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel Audituris Georgius Symson civis civitatis Sancti Andree Salutem in domino sempiternam Noveritis me dedisse concessisse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse honorabili viro Johanni leyrmmonth illud tenementum meum cum pertinenciis jacens in le prioris wynd et ex parte orientali eiusdem inter tenementum heredum quondam Jhoannis currour ad austrum et tenementum Laurencii Symson ad boream pro suis consiliis et auxiliis per eundem Johannem Leymonth michi prius multiplicer et gratanter impensis Tenendum et habendum dictum tenementum cum pertinenciis prefato Joahnni leyrmmonth heredibus suis et assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum per omnes suas rectas metas antiquas et divisas tam in longitudine quam in latitudine tam in fronte quam in cauda tam prope quam procul cum omnibus commoditatibus libertatibus et asiamentis ac iustis suis pertinentiis quibuscumque ad dictum tenementum cum pertinentiis spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum Adeo libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace sicut ego aut aliquis antecessorum meorum dictum tenementum cum pertinenciis liberius quiecius plenarius integrius honorificencius melis et pacificencius ante huiusmodi dacionem et concessionem dicti tenementi cum pertinenciis tenui seu possedi tenui seu possedit Reddendo inde annuatim dictus Johannes leyrmmonth heredes sui et assignati capellano deo servienti apud altare sancti minani in ecclesiam parrochiali octo solidos ad servicium prius exinde debitum et consuetum tantum pro omni alio onere servicio seculari exactione seu demanda que de dicto tenemento cum pertinenciis per quemcumque exegi poterint vel requiri seu aliqualiter demandari. Et ego vero dictus Georgius heredes mei et assignati prescriptum tenementum premissum est contra omnes mortales varantizabimus acquietabimus et pro perpetuum defendemus In cuius rei testimonium huic presenti carte mee sigillum meum est Appensum apud Sanctum Andream die octavo mensis juni Anno Domini Millesimo quadringentesimo octuagesimo septimo coram hiis testibus magistro Roberto strang Andrea pade georgio hoge Johanne costhorphyn et Roberto gilzan cum diversis aliis.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/49
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting income on land in St Andrews to Richard Young
Date 19 December 1481
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Alizona Crannogh relicta quondam Thome Crannogh civis civitatis Sancti Andree Salutem in domino sempiternam Sciatis me non vi aut metu ductam nec in errore lapsam sed mea mera et spontanea voluntate in omnibus previsa pensata et considerata cum consensu et assensu delicti filii mei Georgi Cramnogh vendisse alienasse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse dicreto viro domino Ricardo Zovng Rectori de llammyntown quendam anuum redditum decem solidorum annuatim percipiendorum et levandorum de tota et integra terra mea cum pertinenciis jacente infra dictam civitatem in vico australi et ex parte boreali vici eiusdem iter terram Johannis Davidsonn et heredes quondam Johannis bard ex parte occidentali ex parte una et tenementum ecclesie parochiali dicte civitatis et communem venellam ex parte orientali ex parte altera et terram Alexandri Hay ad boream pro quadam certa summa pecunie michi per eundem dominum Ricardum in mea magna et urgenti necessitate pre manibus gratanter persoluta de quaquidem summa pecunie teneo me bene contentam pacatam et integre cum effectu persolutam dictumque dominum Ricardum heredes suos esecutores assignatos per me heredibus meis executoribus et assignatis quitum et quitos clamo de eadem in perpetuum per presentes.Tenendum et habendum prefatum annuum redditum cum pertinenciis prefato domino Ricardo et suis assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum cum omnibus et singulis libertatibus commoditatibus aysiamentis ac iustis pertinenciis quibuscumque ad dictum annuum redditum cum pertinenciis spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum Adeo libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace sicut aliquis anuus redditus infra regum scotie alicui per aliquem datur venditur seu possedetur seu dari vendi vel possideri poterit in futurum sine revocacione vel contradiccione aliquali Et ego vero dicta Alisona heredes mei et assignati totum et integrum prefatum annuum redditum decem solidorum cum pertinenciis ac meas vendicionem et alienacionem per me ex inde sic factas in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est prefato domino Ricardo et suis assignatis contra omnes mortales Warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus In cuius Rei testimonium quia nos Alisona et Georgius antedicti nullum habuimus procuravimus pro nobis sigillum providi viri Georgi broun unius ballivorum dicte civitatis datoris saisine prefati annui redditus cum pertinenciis debita cum instancia huic presenti carta appendi apud Sanctum andream die decimonono mensis decembris Anno domino millesimo cccc octuogesimo primo Coram hiis testibus magistro Roberto lennax vicario de marchynnch Johanne Nicholsonn Johanne Androsonn Willelmo Calwart notario publico roberto ayukart textori et Jacobo Smyth sergeando cum diversis aliis.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/50
Title Pittance writ: Inquisition by Archbishop William Scheves into the ownership of land in St Andrews
Date 4 October 1482
Hec inquisitio facta apud civitatem Sancti andree in domo magistri david monipenne infra baroniam prioris et conventus Sancti Andree per dunkanum ramsay ballivum dictorum prioris et conventus ex preceptum reverendissimi patris Willelmi miseracione divina archiepiscopi Sancti Andree quarto die mensis octobris anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo octuagesimo secundo per hos subscriptos iuratos videlicet david disthintonn alexandrum cetonn Johannem Stewart henricum cameron Thomam rede Gilbertum brownn Alexandrum barbour Thomam Walker robertum armorar alexandrum alan andream malvyn andream pade Thomam sypseis Willelmum forgond et laurencium bell Qui iurant dicunt quod quondam magister nycholaus monipenne frater johannis monipenne latoris predictus Johannis ultro vestitus et saisitus ad pacem et fidem domini nostri regis De quadam terra iacente infra civitatem Sancti Andree infra baroniam prioris et conventus antedictorum in vico boreali dicte civitatis et ex parte australi eiusdem inter terram rechardi sclater ad orientem et terram hugonis gray ad occidentem tenendo sic ad vicum fori dicte civitatis et quia dictus Johannes lator predictus est legitimus propinquor heres eiusdem quondam magistri nicholaii fratris de dicta terra cum pertinenciis et quia est legitimi etatis et quod dictam terram valet nunc per annuum tredecim solidos et valuit tempore pacis quinque solidos et quod tenetur de domino priori et conventui Sancti Andree per servicium debitum et consuetum reddendo dicto domino priori et conventui Sancti andree unam libram piperis et sex denarios annuatim necnon sectam curie et quia existit in manibus dicti domini prioris ut dominus superior eiusdem per decessum dicti quondam magistri nicholaii ab defectum veri heredis ius suum huchusque non prosequentis per spacium sex ebdomidarum vel eocirca In cuius rei testimonium sigillum dicti ballivi una cum sigillo quorumdem eorumque qui dictam inquisissionem intenerant faciundum est apponit in aula magistri davidi monipenne vero inquisissio facta fuerat anno die mense quibus supra.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/51
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting a tenement in St Andrews to James Fuslaw and his wife
Date 16 April 1482
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris dominus henricus fowlis presbyter et joneta Crawford salutem in domino sempiternam Noveritis nos una cum consensu et assensu non vi ductos aut metu aut errore lapsos sed nostris liberis et spontaneis voluntatibus et utilitatibus undeque previsis et pensatis ac pro certa summa pecunie nobis in nostra urgente necessitate pre manibus gratanter persoluta vendidisse excessisse et hac presenti carta nostra confirmasse Jacobo fuslaw et agneti sue sponse quoddam tenementum nostrum cum pertinenciis iacens in vico australi civitatis Sancti andree inter terram Willelmi kenzow ad orientem et terram magistri Roberti butercasy ad occidentem Tenendum et habendum dictum tenementum cum pertinentiis prefatis Jacobo et agneti heredibus suis et assignatis a nobis herdibus nostris et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum per omnes suas rectas metas antiquas et divisas tam in longitudine quam in latitudine tam in fronte quam in cauda tam prope quam ac cum omnibus et singulis commoditatibus libertatibus et asiamentis ac iustis suis pertinentibus quibuscumque tam subtus terra quam supra terram tam non nominatis quam nominatis et cum omnibus et singulis commoditatibus libertatibus et asiamentis ac suis pertinentibus quibuscumque ad dictum tenementum cum pertinenciis spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum libere quiete plenarie bene et in pace sine aliquo retinemento aut contradictione qualicumque Reddendo inde annuatim dicti Jacobus et Agnes eorumve heredes aut assignati monasterii Sancti Andree tres solidos altari Sancti bartholomei in ecclesiam parochiali Sancti andree situato et capillano eiusdem quatuor solidos et sex denarios heredibus magistri Johannes schenes tres solidos altari Sancti miniani in dictam ecclesiam parrochiali fundati duodecim denarios et Roberto tatis quatuor solidos monete currenti Scocie Necnon servicium exinde prius debitum consuetum tantum pro omni alio onere servicio seculari exactione seu demanda que de dicto tenemento cum pertinenciis per quemcumque exigi poterunt seu Requiri seu aliqualiter demandari Et nos vero dicti Henrici et Joneta heredes nostri et assignati prefatum tenementum cum pertinenciis prefatis Jacobo et agneti heredibusque suis et assignatis in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est contra omnes mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus In cuius Rei testimonium huic presenti carte nostre quia sigilla propria ad presens non habuimus sigillum honorabilis viri duncani Ramsay ballivi prioris et conventus monasterii Sancti andree datoris sasine dicti tenementi cum instrumento appendi procuravimus apud Sanctum andream die decimo sexto mensis Aprilis Anno Domini millesimo quadringentesimo octuagesimo secundo coram hiis testibus domino Willelmo perth Willelmo Stewysonn henrico Ramsay Andream cithely donaldo makalexsonn Johanne writh et Johanne carstarris cum diversis aliis.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/52
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting income on land in St Andrews to Richard Young
Date 4 April 1482
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris petrus monypenny civis civitatis Sancti andree Salutem in domino sempiternam Noveritis me cum pleno consensu et assensu delicte sponse mee Cristiane vendisse alienasse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse dicreto viro domino Ricardo Zoung rectori de lamyntonn unum anuum redditum duodecim solidorum annuatim michi debitorum de quadam terra domini Johannis Rogersonn capellani jacente infra dictam civitatem in venella nuncupata le ratounraw ex parte orientali eiusdem inter terram Andree gardenar ex parte australi ex parte una et terram heredem quondam Cutberti baxtar ax parte boreali ex parte altera pro quadam certa summa pecunie michi per eundem dominum Ricardum in mea magna necessitate pre manibus gratanter persoluta de quaquidem summa pecunie teneo me bene contentum pacatum et integre cum effectu persolutum dictumque dominum Ricardum heredes suos esecutores et assignatos per me heredibus meis executoribus et assignatis quitum et quitos clamo de eadem in perpetuum per presentes Tenendum et habendum totum et integrum prefatum annuum redditum duodecim solidorum cum pertinenciis prefato domino Ricardo et suis assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum cum omnibus et singulis libertatibus commoditatibus aisiamentis ac iustis suis pertinenciis quibuscumque ad dictum annuum redditum cum pertinenciis spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum Adeo libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace sicut ego aut antecessores mei prefatum anuuu redditum cum pertinentiis tenui vel possedi tenuerunt vel possiderunt temporibus retroactis sine revocacione vel contradictione aliquali Sic quod ego heredes mei et assignati nec aliquis nomine nostrum nullum ius clameum possessionem seu proprietatem in et ad prefatum annuum redditum cum pertinenciis vendicare poterimus seu poterit in futurum Sed ab omni iuris clameo tam petitorio quam possessorio dicti annui redditus duodecim solidorum cum pertinentiis simus de cetero penitus et omnino exclusi in perpetuum per presentes Et ego vero dictus petrus heredes mei et assignati cum consensu et assensu dicte sponse mee totum et integrum prefatum annuum redditum duodecim solidorum cum pertinenciis ac meas vendicionem et alienacionem per me exinde sic factas in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est prefato domino Ricardo et suis assignatis contra omnes mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus In cuius Rei testimonium huic presenti carte mee Sigillum meum est appensum cum appensione Sigilli providi viri Alexandri hay unius ballivorum dicte civitatis datoris saisine prefati annui redditus cum pertinenciis per me debita cum instancia in evidencius testimonium premissorum procurati Et quia ego Cristiana nullum habui sigillum procuravi pro mea ratihabicione in premissis Sigillum dicti ballivi huic presenti carte eciam pro me appendi cum instancia prenotata apud Sanctumandream die quarto mensis aprilis Anno domini millesimo cccc octuagesimo secundo coram hiis testibus Johanne Wrytht Nicholaio plumar domino Thoma Wilsonne capellano et Willelmo Calwart notario publico cum diversis aliis.
Call Number UYSL110/PW/121
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting the income on land in St Andrews to Richard Youn rector of Lamintown
Date 23 January 1482 [1483]
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Hugo Robertsonn filius et heredes quondam Jacobi Robertsonn eternam in domino Salutem Sciatis me non vi aut metu ductum nec errore lapsum sed mea mera et spontanea voluntate in omnibus previsa pensata et considerata cum consensu et assensu margarete matris mee vendidisse alienasse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse discreto viro domino Ricardo Zoung rectoris de Wammynton duodecim solidos annui redditus annuatim percipiendum et levandum de quodam terra mea cum pertinenciis iacente infra Civitatem Sancti andree in venella nuncupata le buklaris wynde ex parte occidentali eiusdem inter terram Alexandri Walcar ad boream et terram Andree kid ad austrum pro quadam certa summa pecunie michi per eundem dominum Ricardum in mea magna et urgenti necessitate et signanter propter carentiam estulendam et protulendam ac vestimenti pre manibus gratanter persoluta de quaquidem summa pecunie teneo me bene contentum pacatum et integre cum effectu persolutum dictumque dominum Ricardum heredes suos executores et assignatos per me heredibus meis executoribus et assegnatis quitum et quitosclamo de eadem in perpetuum Tenendum et habendum prefatum annuum redditum cum pertinenciis prefato domino Ricardo et suis assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum per Cum omnibus et singulis libertatibus commoditatibus et aisiamentis ac iustis suis pertinenciis quibuscumque ad dictum annuum redditum spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum Adeo libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace sicut aliquis annuus redditus infra regnum scotie alicui per aliquem datur venditur seu possidetur seu dari vendi vel possederi poterit in futurum sine revocatione vel contradictione aliquali Sic quod ego heredes mei et assignati nullum ius clameum possessionem seu proprietatem in et ad prefatum annum redditum cum pertinentiis vendicare poterimus in futurum Sed ab omni iuris clameo tam petitorio quam possessorio dicti annui redditus simus de cetero penitus et omnino exclusi in perpetuum Et ego vero dictus hugo heredes mei et assignati totum et integrum prefatum annuum redditum duodecim solidorum cum pertinenciis in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est prefato domino Ricardo et suis assignatis contra omnes mortales varantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus In cuius Rei testimonium quia sigillum proprium non habui Sigillum providi viri Willelmi Scot dicte civitatis cum ballivi datoris saisine predicti annui redditus unacum appensione sigilli providi henrici Urchart dicte civitatis civis in eundem cuius testimoni premissorum debita cum instancia procurati huic presenti carte mee appendi procuravi apud Sanctum Andream die vicesimo tercio mensis Januarii Anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo octuagesimo secundo coram hiis testibus Johanne wilsonn georgio Akman Thoma zoung capellano Andrea lorymar et Johanne gray sergeando cum multis aliis.
- Notary’s mark – Et ego Willelmus Calwart clericus Sancti Andree diocesis publicus imperiali et Regali auctoritatibus notarius anno die mense et loco quibus supra indictione prima pontificatus Sanctissimi domini nostri pape sexti quarti anno duodecimo premissis omnibus et singulis dum sic ut premittitur dicerentur agerentur et fierent unacum prenominatis testibus presens interfui eaque sic scivi vidi et audivi ac in notam sumpsi Ideoque presentem cartam manu propria scripsi hic me etiam subscribentem signoque et nomine meis solitis et consuetis unacum appensione sigillorum predictorum signavi Rogatus et requisitus in fidem et testimonium veritatis omnium premissorum verum etiam dictus hugo dilectus per me notarius publicus suprascriptus interrogatus si ad vendicationem dicti annui redditus fuissem per quemcumque compulsus qui reddebat magno iuramento quod nam me fuisse compulsus ad huius vendicacionem consenciens sed quod ipse fecit ex sua spontanea voluntate quam numquam revocarem iuratis prestito prelibato tactis dei ewangeliis.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/54
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting income on land in St Andrews to Richard Young
Date 4 July 1483
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris petrus monypenny civis civitatis Sancti Andree salutem in domino sempiternam Sciatis me cum consensu et assensu Cristine sponse mee vendisse alienasse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse dicreto viro domino Ricardo Young rectori de llamyntonn unum anuum redditum duodecem solidorum annuatim michi debitorum de quadam terra domini Johannis Rogerson cum pertinenciis jacente infra dictam civitatem in venella nuncupata le Ratounraw ex parte orientali eiusdem inter terram heredi quondam Cutberti baxtar ad boream et terram Andree gardenar ad austrum ab una et altera partibus pro quadam certa summa pecunie michi per eundem dominum Ricardum in mea necessitate fideliter pre manibus gratanter persoluta de quaquidem summa pecunie teneo me bene contentum et integre cum effectum persolutum dictumque dominum Ricardum heredes suos executores et assignatos pro me heredibus meis executoribus et assignatis quitum et quitos clamo de eadem in perpetuum Tenendum et habendum prefatum annuum redditum duodecim solidorum prefato domino Ricardo et suis assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum cum omnibus et singulis libertatibus commoditatibus et aisiamentis ac iustis suis pertinenciis quibuscumque ad dictum annuum redditum spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum Adeo libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace sicut aliquis annuus redditus infra regnum scocie alicui per aliquem liberius quiecius plenarius integrius datur venditur seu posseditur seu dari vendi vel possideri poterit in futurum sine revocacione vel contradiccione aliquali Sic quod ego heredes mei et assignati nullum ius clameum possessionem seu proprietatem in et ad prefatum annuum redditum vendicare poterimus seu poterit in futurum Sed ab omni iuris clameo tam petitorio quam possessorio dicti annui redditus simus de cetero penitus et omnino exclusi in perpetuum per presentes Et ego vero dictus petrus heredes mei et assignati mee totum et integrum prefatum annuum redditum duodecim solidorum cum pertinenciis ac meas vendicionem et alienacionem per me exinde sic factas cum consensu et assensu prefate Cristine sponse mee in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est prefato domino Ricardo et suis assignatis contra omnes mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et In perpetuum defendemus In Cuius Rei testimonium huic presenti carte mee sigillum meum est appensu cum appensione Sigilli providi viri Roberti lermonth unius ballivorum dicte civitatis datoris saisine prefati annui redditus per me et dictam sponsam meam debita cum instancia in evidencius testimonium premissorum procurati apud Sanctum andream die quarto mensis Julii Anno domini Millesimo quadringentesimo octuagesimo tercio coram hiis testibus Thoma Reid Roberto meffan domino Thoma wilsonn capellano Andrea Scalpy et Willelmo Calwart notario publico cum diversis aliis ad premissa vocatis.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/57
Title Pittance writ: Deed given by George Simson
Date 8 June 1487
In dei Nomine Amen per hoc presens publicum instrumentum cunctis pateat evidenter quod Anno incarnacionis Dominice millesimo quadringentesimo octuagesimo septimo mensis vero Junii die octava indiccione quinta pontificatus sanctissimi in Christo patris domini nostri domini Innocentii divina providencia pape octavi anno tertio In mei notarii publici et testium subscriptorum presencia personaliter constitutus Georgius Symson civis civitatis Sancti Andree in manibus honorabilis viri Willelmi lundy ballivi venerabilium et Religiosorum virorum dominorum prioris et conventus Sancti andree illud tenementum suum cum pertinenciis jacens in le prioris wynd et ex parte orientali eiusdem inter tenementum heredum quondam Johannis Currour ad austrum ab una et tenementum laurencii Symson ad boream per terre et lapidis tradicionem sursum Reddidit pureque simpliciter resignavit Tandem dictus ballivus honorabili viro Johanni leyrmounth de prefato tenemento cum pertinenciis per huiusmodi terre et lapidis tradicionem saisinam hereditariam contulit et donavit sibique heredibus suis et assignatis pro perpetuo Remansuris Necnon dictum Johannem in actualem corporalem et Realem possessionem dicti tenementi cum pertinenciis iuris auctoritate in hiis fieri consueta usitata et solempnizata induxit et investivit salvo iure cuiuslibet super quibus omnibus et singulis supradictis prefatus Johannes leyrmoncth a me notario publico infrascripto sibi fieri peciit unum seu plura publicum seu publica instrumentum seu instrumenta Acta erant hec infra ortum dicti tenementi hora novena ante meridiem sub Anno mense die indiccione et pontificatu supradictis Presentibus ibidem discretis viris magistro Roberto Strang Andrea pade Georgio Hog Johanne corstorphyn et Roberto gilzan cum diversis aliis testibus ad premissa vocatis pariter et Rogatis.
-Notary’s mark- Et ego Simon Campion clericus Sancti andree diocesis publicus auctoritatibus imperiali et Regali notarius premissis omnibus et singulis dum sic ut premittitur dicerentur agerentur et fierent una cum prenominatis testibus presens interfui aque sic fieri scivi vidi et Audivi ac in notam cepi Ideoque hoc presens publicum instrumentum manu propria scriptum exinde confeci subscripsi et publicavi signoque et nomine meis solitis et consuetis una cum appensione Sigilli dicti ballivi signavi Rogatus et Requisitus in fidem et testimonium veritatis omnium et singulorum premissorum.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/58
Title Pittance writ: Deed given by William Scheves, Archbishop of St Andrews
Date 12 November 1488
In dei Nomine Amen Per hoc presens publicum Instrumentum cunctis pateat evidenter quod Anno Incarnacionis dominice millesimo quadringentesimo octuagesimo octavo mensis vero Novembris die duodecima Indiccione Septima pontificatus sanctissimi in Christo patris domini nostri domini Innocentii divina providencia pape octavi anno quinto In mei notarii publici et testium subscriptorum presencia personaliter Constitutus providus vir Andreas kid unius ballivorum civitatis sancti andree iuxta tenorem cuiusdem precepti Reverendissimi in Christo patris ac domini domini Willelmi miseracione divina archiepiscopi Sancti Andree cuius precepti tenor sequitur in hec verba Willelmus miseracione divina Sancti andree archiepiscopus primas et legatus in dilectis viris ballivis civitatis nostre Sancti andree salutem Quia dedimus concessimus et donavimus ac tenore presenti damus concedimus et donamus hereditarie carissimo fratri nostro henrico Schenes de kylqwyr omnes et singulos annuos redditus infrascriptos videlicet omnium Redditum vigintitrium solidos de terra quondam Alexandri yhoung iacens in via boreali civitatis nostre predicte inter terram henrici Schenes fratri nostri predicti ex parte orientali et communem venellam vulgariter nuncupatam le fyschargait ex parte altera Idem unum annuum redditum Novem solidorum de terra Walteri Sawar iacente in le fyrschargait et contiguam terram dicti quondam magistri alexandri ex parte boreali ab una et terram quondam Cuthberti baxtar ex parte australi ab altera Item unum annuum Redditum septem solidorum de terra dicti quondam Cutheberti baxtar in le fyschargait inter terram Walteri Sawar ex parte boreali et terram domini Johannis Rogeri ex parte australi Insuper unum annuum Redditum undecim solidorum de terra Willelmi lundy iacente in via boreali ex parte australi inter terram Alexandri Home ex parte occidentali et venellam vocatam le fyschargait ex parte orientali ab altera vobis percipimus et mandamus quantum est statum saisinam et possessionem hereditariam dictorum annuorum reddituum et cuiuslibet ipsorum prefato henrico fratri nostro de prefatis terris faciatis et conservatis ut moris est in burgo tantum inde faciendum quam inde iustam querimoniam non audiamus sub omni pena que incumbit in hac parte datum sub nostro signeto apud castrum nostrum sancti andree XI novembris Anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo octuagesimo octavo et consecracionis nostre decimo Ad quod faciendum vobis seu alteri vestrum nostram plenariam committimus pietatem Quiquidem ballivus accessit ad tenementa suprascripta et ibidem per denarii tradicionem diversis temporum interstitiis statum saisinam et possessionem hereditarios de eiusdem annuis redditibus cum pertinenciis per huiusmodi denarii tradicionem tradidit contulit et donavit Ac eundem henricum in actualem corporalem et Realem possessionem eorumde cum pertinenciis prefato henrico heredibus suis et assignatis pro perpetuo remansuris Idem dominus ballivus iuris auctoritate in hiis fieri consueta usitata et solempnizata induxit et investivit salvo iure cuiuslibet Super quibus omnibus et singulis supradictis prefatus henricus a me notario publico subscripto sibi fieri peciit instrumentum seu instrumenta Acta erant hec super solum huiusmodi tenementorum diversis temporis interstitiis hora decima ante meridiem vel eocirca sub Anno mense die Indiccione et pontificatu supradictis Presentibus ibidem discretis viris magistro Johanne dovery Andrea Sclattar Roberto Wilkynstonne Willelmo lony Thoma broiss Johanne dugud et Andrea greyn cum diversis aliis testibus ad premissa vocatis pariter et rogatis
-Notary’s mark- Et ego Simon Campion clericus Sancti andree diocesis publicus auctoritatibus imperiali Regali notarius premissis omnibus et singulis dum sic ut premittitur dicerentur agerentur et fierent una cum prenominatis testibus presens interfui eaque sic fieri scivi vidi et Audivi ac in notam cepi Ideoque hoc presens publicum instrumentum manu propria scriptum exinde confeci subscripsi et publicavi signoque et nomine meis solitis et consuetis una cum appensione sigilli dicti ballivi signavi Rogatus et Requisitus in testimonium omnium premissorum.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/59
Title Pittance writ: Deed given by David Lorimer
Date 24 May 1488
In dei nomine Amen per hoc presens publicum instrumentum cunctis pateat evidenter quod Anno incarnacionis dominice millesimo quadringentesimo octuagesimo octavo mensis vero maii die vicesima quarta indiccione sexta pontificatus sanctissimi in Christo patris domini nostri domini Innocentii divina providencia pape octavi anno quarto in mei notarii publici et testium subscriptorum presencia personaliter constitutus David lorimar frater ac heres magistri roberti lorimar capellani non vi aut metu ductus nec errore lapsus ut asseruit sed sua libera voluntate in manibus venerabilis viri Vilhelmi lundi filli et apparentis heredis nobilis viri domini Johannis lundi de eodem militis et ballivi prioris et conventus Sancti andree ut in notario subscripto luculenter constabat illum tenementum suum anteriuscum pertinenciis iacentein vico australi civitatis Sancti andree ex parte australi eiusdem vici inter terram Vilhelmi Saiss ad orientem et terram henrici Wrquhart ad occidentem ac omne ius et clameum quod habuit seu habere potuit in eodem tenemento cum pertinenciis in futurum per terre et lapidis tradicionem ut moris est in burgo seu civitate sursum reddidit pure simpliciterque resignavit sic que liberet dicto ballivo ad sue voluntatis arbitrium de prefato tenemento anteriori cum pertinenciis licite et libere cuicumque voluerit disponere post cuius quidem dicti tenementi anterioris cum pertinenciis resignacionem ut premissum est factam dictuus ballivus discreto viro magistro Vilhelmo lindissay fratri germano nobilis et prepotentis domini david domini de lindissay de birris dicti tenementi anterioris cum pertinenciis per terre et lapidis tradicionem saisinam hereditariam contulit et donavit Ac eundem magistrum Vilhelmum in actualem realem et corporalem possessionem dicti tenementi anterioris cum pertinenciis sibique magistro Vilhelmo heredibus suis et assignatis pro perpetuo remansuris iuris auctoritate in hiis fieri consueta usitata et solempnizata prefatus dominus ballivus induxit investivit qui dictus magister Vlhelmus huic Instrumento apponi procuravit debita cum instancia Sigillum dicti ballivi saisine sepe dicti tenementi anterioris datoris Sigillum prefati david lorimar ipsiustenementi resignatoris qui sua Sigilla concesserunt huic instrumento appendi Super quibus omnibus et singulis dictus magister Vilhelmus a me notario publico sibi fieri petiit unum seu plura publicum ve publica instrumentum aut instrumenta Acta erant hec super fundum seu solum dicti tenementi anterioris hora novena vel eocirca ante meridiem sub anno die mense indiccione et pontificatu quibus supra Presentibus ibidem discretis viris magistro Roberto Strang dominus laurentio lansonn Johanne lemmen capellanis Johanne Dugud et Georgeo hogis cum diversis ad premissa vocatis pariter et rogatis
-Notary’s mark- Et ego Johannes Seqait artium magister presbyter sancti andree diocesis publicus imperiali et regali auctoritatibus notarius supra dicti tenementi saissine datori ceterisque premissis omnibus et singulis dum sic ut premittitur agerentur dicerentur et fierent una cum prenominatis testibus presens personaliter interfui eaque sic fieri vidi scivi et audivi ac in notam cepi ideoque hoc presens publicum instrumentum aliena manu fideliter scriptum exinde confeci subscripsi et publicavi signoque nomine et subscriptione meis solitis et consuetis una cum appensionibus sigillorum dictorum Willelmi ballivi et david signavi requisitus in fidem et testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/60
Title Pittance writ: Deed given by Walter Clark and Nichola his spouse
Date 8 April 1491
In dei nomine Amen per hoc presens publicum instrumentum cunctis pateat evidenter quod Anno incarnacionis dominice millesimo quadringentesimo nonagesimo primo mensis vero aprilis die octava indiccione nona pontificatus sanctissimi in Christo patris ac domini nostri domini Innocentii divina providencia pape octavi anno septimo In mei notarii publici testium subscriptorum presencia personaliter Constituti discrete persone Walterus clerk civis civitatis Sancti andree et nocholaia eius sponsa quiecium in manibus providi viri Andree kid unius ballivorum Civitatis Sancti andree unum annuum Redditum duorum solidorum de tenemento eorumde cum pertinenciis iacente in vico piscatoris in le see gait inter tenementum sancti laurentii ad occidentem et tenementum Georgii kenlochquhy ad orientem per denarii tradicionem sursum Reddiderunt pureque simpliciter resignaverunt Qua resignacione sic facta prefatus ballivus discreto viro domino Johanni Bride nomine et ex parte capellani et altaris Sancti marie de le pette fundatus in ecclesia parochiali Sancti andree per dominum Ricardum yhoung Rectore de wamyntonne et suis successoribus capellanis dicti altaris ad orandum pro animabus dictorum Walteri et nicholaie eius sponsis ac omnium fidelium defunctorum saisinam hereditariam contulit et donavit Ac eundem dominum Johannem bride nomine capellani dicti altaris in actualem corporalem et Realem possessionem dictorum duorum solidorum cum pertinenciis dicto capellano et suis successoribus pro perpetuo remansuris prefatus ballivus induxit et investivit salvo iure cuiuslibet Tandem dicta Nicholaia in absencia ipsius sponsi per me interrogata in huiusmodi modi Resigancione prescripti annui Redditus duorum solidorum cum pertinenciis sponte et inchoacte fecit que inchoacte iuramneto tactis libris Respondit quod huiusmodi Resignacioni dicti anuui Redditus sponte et inchoacte fecit ob utilitate aut sue et eius sponsis et omnium fidelium defunctorum et contra premissa nuncquam demandam respondit et se obligavit sub penis periurii infamie et inhabilitatis sue in perpetuum Reservato eis et eorum alteri diucius viventi libero tenemento dicti annui Redditus Super quibus omnibus et singulis supradictis prefatus dominus Johannes bridy nomine capellani dicti altaris a me notario publico sibi fieri petiit unum seu plura publicum seu publica instrumentum seu instrumenta Acta erant hec super solum dicti tenementi hora decima ante meridiem vel eocirca sub Anno mense die indiccione et pontificatu supradictis Presentibus ibidem providis viris Willelmo Wancht preposito dicte civitatis Johanne Monypenny Roberto Akman domino Johanne cuk et Johanne langton prioris cum diversis aliis testibus ad premissa vocatis pariter et Rogatis
-Notary’s mark- Et ego Simon Campion clericus Sancti andree diocesis publicus auctoritatibus Imperiali et Regali notarius premissis omnibus et singulis dum sic ut premittitur dicerentur agerentur et fierent una cum prenominatis testibus presens interfui eaque sic fieri vidi scivi et Audivi ac in notam cepi Ideoque hoc presens publicum instrumentum manu propria scriptum exinde confeci subscripsi et publicavi signoque et nomine meis solitis et consuetis signavi una cum appensione sigilli dicti ballivi Rogatus et Requisitus in fidem et testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/122
Title Pittance writ: Confirmation of a property grant to Richard Young, rector of Lamintown
Date 16 July 1495
Universis et singuli sancte matris ecclesie filiis presentes litteras inspecturis lecturis visuris pariter et audituris David meldrum canonicus dunkeldensis ac officialis sancti andree principalis salutem in domino sempiternam Noveritis quod nos ad instanciam discreti viri domini Thome vilson presbyteri capellani altaris beate marie virginis de le pety situati infra ecclesiam parochialem civitatis sancti andree omnes et singulos interesse habentes seu habere putantes et quos infrascriptum tangit negotium ad comperendum coram nobis certis die et loco sibi assignatis ad videndum et audiendum quandam cartam sub sigillo quondam domini hugonis levenay vicarii de monimeil super quadam terra cum pertinentiis iacente infra venellam extendentem ad castrum domino Ricardo zoung factam tum propter ipsius aliqualem vetustatem tum pro eo quam de amissione principalis carte timetur transumi copiari exemplari et in publicam transsumpti formam redigi decretumque et auctoritatem ut moris est interponi ad certum diem infernis designatum legittime et peremptorie per litteras nostras patentes In valuis ecclesiem metropolitane Sancti andree affixas citari fecimus Quo die adveniente comparuit dictus dominus Thomas et huiusmodi litteras nostras citatorias debite executas coram nobis iudicialiter produxit unde vocatis in eisdem contentis et minime comperantis ac contuancibus reputatis dictam cartam coram nobis iudicialiter exhibuit Qua per nos inspectam visamque et sanam ac itegram non rasam non obolitam non cancellatam nec in aliqua sui parte suspectam compertam transsumi copiari exemplari et in publicam transumpti formam redigi per nostrum presentem subscriptum curie nostre scribam et tabellionem mandavimus et ordinavimus ac nostrum decretum et auctoritatem ordinariam interpositum prout interponimus quod presenti transsumpto sive instrumento publico detur et adhibeatur plena fides in iudicio et extra ac ubique locorum ac qualis et quanta ipsum littere carte originali daretur et adhiberetur si immedium produceretur Sequitur tenor dicte carte de qua supra sit mentio Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris dominus Hugo de levenay vicarius perpetuus de Monymeil salutem in domino sempiternam Noveritis me non vi aut metu ductum nec errore lapsum aut dolo quovismodo circumventum sed mea certa scientia meaque et spontanea voluntate utilitate que mea previsa vendidisse ac a me et heredibus meis et assignatis titulo pure vendicionis pro perpetuo et irrevocabiliter alienasse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse discreto viro domino Richardo Zoung Rectori de Lammynton unum tenementum iacens infra civitatem Sancti andree super venellam communem extendentem ad castrum ex parte occidentali ab una et tenementum magistri Thome logy rectoris de kembak ex parte orientali ab altera pro quadam certa summa pecunie michi pre manibus in mea necessitate per dictum dominum Richardum persoluta de quaquidem summa fateor me bene contentum et persolutum ac eundem heredes suos et assignatos pro me et heredibus meis de eadem pro perpetuo quittosclamo per presentes Tenendum et habendum dictum tenementum cum pertinenciis prefato domino Richardo heredibus suis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum per omnes rectas metas suas antiquas et divisas tam in longitudine quam in latitudine tam in fronte quam in cauda tam subtus terra quam supra terram procul et prope extendentem ad terram heredum quondam Johannis Flemmynn Necnon cum omnibus aliis commoditatibus libertatibus proficuis et asiamentis ac iustis suis pertinenciis quibuscumque ad dictum tenementum cum pertinentiis spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum libere quiete plenarie et integre honorifice bene et in pace sine aliquo retenemento vel contradictione qualicumque in futurum Reddendo inde dictus dominus Richardus heredes sui et assignati domino de broxmont qui pro tempore fuerit sex denarios usualis monete Regni scocie annuatim et sex solidos heredibus georgei de carmichael quondam civis dicte civitatis Necnon quinque solidos dicte monete henrico scheness civi prefate civitatis annuatim annui redditus ad duos anni terminos usuales videlicet festa penthecostes et sancti martini in yeme per equales porciones tantum pro omni alio onere servicio seculari exactione seu demanda que de dicto tenemento cum pertinentiis per quemcumque exigi poterunt vel requiri seu aliqualiter demandari Et ego vero dominus hugo heredes mei et assignati prefatum tenementum cum pertinetiis predicto domino Richardo heredibus suis et assignatis in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est contra omnes mortales varantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus In cuius rei testimonium sigillum meum unacum sigillo Johannis thome unius ballivorum dicte civitatis datoris saisine dicti tenementi prefato domino Richardo facte huic presenti carte mee sunt appensa apud dictam civitatem vicesimo die mensis marcii Anno domini Millesimo quadringentesimo sexagesimo tertio coram hiis testibus venerabilibus et providis viris magistris Alexandro Zoung rectore ecclesie de forthir domino duncano zalulok notario publico in donacione dicte saisine Nicholao plumbar Johanne Vallas et Johanne zoung cum diversis aliis. In quorum omnium et singulorum fidem et testimonium premissorum presentes litteras sive presens publicum instrumentum exinde fieri et per notarium publicum subscriptum subscrivi et publicari mandavimus nostrum que sigilli officii quo utimur iussimus et fecimus appensione graviter datum et actum in ecclesiam fratrum predicatorum infra civitatem Sancti andree nobis inibi pro tribunali sedentis sub anno Ac nativitate domini Millesimo quadringentesimo nonagesimo quinto mensis vero Julii die decima sexta indictione decimatertia pontificatus Sanctissimi in Christo patris ac domini nostri domini Alexandri divina providentia pape sexti anno tertio Presentibus ibidem venerabilibus viris magistris Johanne Zoung canonico dunkeldensis Roberto levenay vicario de Markinch Thoma esplane Johanne Andree Andrea boyter et Willelmo colly artium magister clerico Sancti andree brethinensis et aberdonensis diocesis testibus ad premissa vocatis pariter et Rogatis.
- Notary’s mark – Et ego Johannes Bonar presbyter Sancti Andree diocesis publicus imperiali et Regali auctoritatibus notarius omnia dicte carte infra imperavi publicacioni et omnisque premissis omnibus et singulis dum sic ut premittitur agerentur et fierent unacum prenominatis testibus presens interfui Eaque omnia et singula sic fieri vidi et audivi ac in notam sumpsi Ideoque presentes litteras sive unum publicum instrumentum de mandato dicti domini officialis exinde confeci subscripsi et publicavi Signoque et nomine meis solitis et consuetis unacum appensione sigillum officii officialis Etc Signavi Rogatus et requisitus in fidem et testimonium veritatis omnium et singulorum premissorum.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/62
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting land in St Andrews to John Warden
Date 13 April 1495
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Laurencius Symsone civis civitatis Sancti andree salutem in domino sempiternam Sciatis me non vi aut metu ductum nec errore lapsum sed mea mera et spontanea voluntate in omnibus previsa pensata et considerata vendidisse alienasse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse Johanni Wardan civi dicte civitatis quandam terram meam cum pertinenciis iacens infra dictam civitatem in venella nuncupata le prioris Wynd ex parte orientali eiusdem inter terram Johannis leymonth ad austrum ab una et terram Johannis leyrmonnth ad austrum ab una et terram Johannis bosuel ad boream ab altera partibus pro quadam certa summa pecunie michi per eundem Johannem in mea magna et urgenti necessitate pro manibus gratanter persoluta de quaquidem summa pecunie teneo me bene contentum pacatum et persolutum dictumque Johannem heredes suos executores et assignatos pro me heredibus meis executoribus et assegnatis quitum et quitosclamo de eadem in perpetuum per presentes Tenendam et habendam totam et integram prefatam terram cum pertinenciis prefato Johanni heredibus suis et assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum per omnes Rectas metas suas antiquas et divisas Necnon cum omnibus aliis et singulis libertatibus commoditatibus asiamentis ac iustis suis pertinenciis quibuscumque dictam terram cum pertinentiis spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum Adeo libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace sicut ego aut antecessores mei prefatam terram cum pertinenciis tenui vel possedi tenuerunt vel possiderunt temporibus retroactis sine Revocatione vel contradiccione aliquali Reddendo inde annuatim dictus Johannes heredes sui et assignati domini Johanni gardyn capellano heredibus suis et assignatis tres decim solidos et quatuor denarios et heredibus et assignatis quondam magistri duncani yhalulok duos solidos annui Redditus ad duos anni terminos usuales festa videlicet pentecostes et Sancti martini in yeme per equales medias porciones ac servicium exinde debitum et consuetum tantum pro omne alio onere servicio seculari exactione seu demanda que de dicta terra cum pertinenciis per quemcumque exigi poterit seu Requiri vel aliqualiter demandari Et ego vero dictus laurencius heredes mei et assignati totam et integram prefatam terram cum pertinenciis in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est prefato Johanni heredibus suis et assignatis in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est contra omnes mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus In cuius Rei testimonium quia Sigillum proprium non habui Sigillum honorabilis viri Willelmi lundy ballivi dominorum prioris et conventus monasterii sancti Andree datoris saisine dicte terre cum pertinenciis debita cum instancia huic presenti carte mee appendi procuravi apud Sanctum andream die decimo tercio mensis aprilis Anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo nonogesimo quinto coram hiis testibus Johanne Smyth Andrea Pade Allano pacok thoma brownne Thoma Sipse Johanne Preston et Johanne brownn cum diversis aliis.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/63
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting various annual incomes to David Monypenny
Date 23 December 1496
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Johannes Shenes de dempstartonn civis civitatis Sancti andree ac filius et heres quondam henrici schenes de gylquhnsi et mariote Ramsay sponse eiusdem quondam henrici salutem in domino sempiternam Noveritis me non vi aut metu ductum nec errore lapsum sed mea mera et spontanea voluntate utilitateque mea undique premissa considerata et pensata vendidisse alienasse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse honorabili viro david monypenny filio domini de kinkel et suis assegnatis Singulos annuos Redditus subscriptos iacentes infra civitatem Sancti andree in diversis locis ut sequitur videlicet de terra Andree Ricardi iacente in vico australi civitatis Sancti Andree ex parte boreali inter terram petri Rekart ex orientali ab una et terram Johannis Goldsmyth ex parte occidentali ab altera quinquaginta tres solidos et quatuor denarios/ de terra Johannis Goldsmyth iacente in vico australi et ex parte boreali eiusdem inter terram Andree Richartson ex orientali ab una et terram Alexandri scot ad occidentem ab altera tres solidos et quatuor denarios/ de terra Alexandri scot iacente in vico australi et ex parte boreali eiusdem inter terram Johannis Goldsmith ex parte orientali ab una et terram Thome Arthur ex parte occidentali ab altera duodecim solidos /de terra Thome Arthur iacente in vico australi ex parte boreali eiusdem inter terram Alexandri Scot ex orientali parte ab una et terras quondam Alexandri Ramsay nunc ecclesie ex occidentali partibus ab altera decem solidos/ de terra quondam Alexandri Ramsay nunc ecclesie iacente in vico australi ex parte boreali eiusdem inter terram Thome Arthur ex parte orientali ab una et terram Walteri Arthur ex parte occidentali ab altera octo decem solidos/ de terra David monipenny iacente in vico australi et ex eadem parte inter terram Archbaldi Auchtlek ex parte orientali ab una et terram sancti michaelis ex parte occidentali ab altera quatuor solidos Item de terra heredis Willelmi surdschleppar iacente in vico australi ex parte boreali eiusdem inter terram quondam Willelmi boner et nunc heredis sui ex parte orientali ab una et terram quondam domini Johannis brownne ex parte occidentali ab altera sex solidos Item de terra que vulgariter nuncupatur logiys wynd iacente in vico australi ex parte boreali eiudem inter terram Johannis Davison ad occidentem ab una et le paryschkyrk ex parte orientali ab altera quatuor solidos/ de terra Walteri Sawar iacente in vico australi ex parte boreali eiusdem inter terram Thome bell ex parte occidentali ab una et terram Thome ferryis ex parte orientali ab altera Sex solidos/ de terra Willelmi moffat iacente in vico australi et ex parte boreali eiusdem inter terram Roberti meffan ex parte occidentali ab una et terram Thome bell ex parte orientali ab altera octodecem denarios Item de terra domini Gilberti haldan iacente in vico boreali ex parte australi eiusdem inter terram meam propriam ex parte orientali ab una et communem viam que discendit ad castrum ex parte occidentali vigentitres solidos Item de terra Walteri sawar iacente in vico que descendit ad castrum ex parte orientali eiusdem inter terram dicti quondam domini Gilberti haldan ex parte Boreali ab una et terram magistri Johannis bonar ex parte australi ab altera Sex solidos Item de terra magistri Johannis bonar iacente in dicta via ex parte orientali eiusdem inter terram dicti Walteri ex parte boreali ab una et terram Thome berkar ex parte australi ab altera Septem solidos Item de terra magistri andree martyn iacente in vico boreali ex parte eadem inter terram prioris conventus Sancti andree ex parte orientali ab una et terram domini Ricardi Yhoung ex parte occidentali ab altera quatuor solidos Item de terra Roberti Leyrmonncht iacente in le fischargait ex parte orientali eiusdem inter terram quondam david greyn ex parte australi ab una et terram Andree Richartson ex parte boreali ab altera tres solidos Item de terra Andree Richartson iacente ad portam castri inter terram Thome Arthur ex parte occidentali ab una et communem viam que dicitur le fyrschargait ab altera quinque solidos Et de terra Johannes Davison iacente in le fischargait ex parte occidentali eiusdem inter terram Johannis goldsmyth ex parte boreali ab una et terram Thome landalis ex parte australi ab altera quatuor solidos pro quadam certa summa pecunie michi per eundem david et nomine suo in mea urgenti necessitate pro manibus in pecunia mundata persoluta de quaquidem summa pecunie teneor me bene contentum pacatum et integre cum effectu persolutum dictumque david heredes suos executores et assignatos pro me heredibus meis executoribus et assignatis quietosclamo et exonero in perpetuum per presentes Renuntiando exceptione pecunie non numerate et pactum ulterius de non petendo expresse promittendo Tenendos et habendos dictos annuos Redditus cum pertinenciis prefato david et suis assignatis a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum per omnes suas Rectas metas antiquas et divisas cum omnibus commoditatibus libertatibus et asiamentis ac iustis suis pertinenciis quibuscumque ad dictos annuos Redditus cum pertinenciis annuatim spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace sicut aliqui annui Redditus infra Regnum Scotie cuicumque liberius quiecius plenarius integrius honorificentius melis et pacificentius per quemcumque datur conceditur venditur seu possidetur Ita quod non ego neque heredes mei seu assignati seu aliquis nomine nostro ius vel clameum aliquod proprietatem seu possessionem in dictis annuis Redditibus cum pertinenciis exigere seu vendicare potero seu poterint in futurum Sed de cetero a clameo eorundem annuorum Reddituum cum pertinenciis exclusi simus in perpetuum per presentem Et ego vero dictus Johannes schenes heredes mei et assignati omnes et singulos prefatos annuos redditus et quemlibet eorum ut suprascribuntur exeuntibus de huiusmodi tenementis cum pertinenciis prefato david monipenny et suis assignatis in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est contra omnes mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus In cuius rei testimonium Sigilum meum presentibus est appensum una cum appensionibus Sigillorum Johannes monypenny ballivi datoris saisine huiusmodi annuorum Reddituum et communis [sigillum?] dicte civitatis apud Sanctum andream die vicesima tertia mensis decembris Anno domini Millesimo quadringentesimo nonagesimo sexto coram hiis testibus dominis Roberto brandfut waltero ewyot presbyteris Willelmo Zoung Jacobo monipenni et Johannis Zoung cum diversis aliis.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/65
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting a tenement in St Andrews to William Lundie
Date 20 July 1496
Johannes permissione divina prior ecclesie metropolitane Sancti andree et conventus eiusdem honorabili viro Willelmo lundy de eodem nostro in hac parte ballivus specialiter constituto Salutem quia dedimus et concessimus hereditarie dilecto nostro Johanni lermonth Civi civitatis sancti Andree et marguerete eius sponse heredibus que suis et assignatis unum tenementum terre iacente in vico vulgariter prioris wynde nuncupato ex parte orientali eiusdem inter tenementum quondam heredum Johannis aysonne ad austrum ex una et tenementum laurentii simsomne ad boream partibus ab altera quod vero tenementum cum pertinentiis fuit ipsius Johannis lermonth et quod quidem tenementum cum pertinenciis Idem Johannes in manibus nostris per fustum et baculum libere sursum reddidit pureque et simpliciter Resignavit Quare vobis precipimus et mandamus quare visis presentibus statum saisinam et possessionem hereditariam dicti tenementi cum pertinenciis prefati Johanni lermonth et margarete sue sponse aut certo eorum auctoritate latori presentium secundum tenorem carte sue desuper confecte iuste deliberetis et habere faciatis sine dilatione vobis insuper dicto Willelmo ballivo nostro committimus nostramque plenariam proprietatem damus et concedimus ad recipiendam nomine nostro resignationem cuiusdem annui Redditus sex decem solidorum monete scotie de terra seu tenemento Ricardi Sclater iacente in vico boreali dicte civitatis ex parte australi eiusdem inter terram Willelmi lister ad orientem ab una et terram david disthintonne ad occidentem partibus ab altera per dictum Recardum seu quascumque alias personas in manibus vestris fiendam eademque resignatione sic facta et per vos nomine nostro admissa dictum annuum Redditum sexdecim solidorum discreto viro domino Johanni patensonne capellano servienti ad altare beati felan in ecclesiam parochiali Sancte trinitatis infra dictam civitatem et suis successoribus ad idem altare servientem et servituris dandum et contendendum in perpetuum necnon statum saisinam et possessionem realem dicti anuui redditus dicto domino Johanni pro se et suis successoribus antedictis aut suo certo actorniato ut premittitur latori presentium Iuste deliberandum et habere faciendum sine dilacione Ad que omnia et singula suprascripta faciendum et perimplendum nos Johanne prior et conventus antedicti vobis dicto Willelmo nostro in hac parte ballivo nostram tenore presencium plenariam committimus proprietatem irrevocabilem In cuius rei testimonium sigillum commune Capituli nostri presentibus est appensum apud monasterium Sancti andree vicesimo die mensis julii anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo nonagesimosexto.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/66
Title Pittance writ: Deed given by John Scheves
Date 21 July 1497
In dei Nomine Amen Per hoc presens publicum Instrumentum cunctis pateat Evidenter quod anno incarnacionis dominice Millesimo quadringentesimo nonagesimo septimo mensis vero Julii die vicesima prima Indiccione decima quinta pontificatus sanctissimi in Christo patris domini nostri domini Alexandri divina providencia pape sexto Anno quinto In mei notarii publici et testium subscriptorum presencia personaliter Constitutus Johannes fawsyd procurator et eo nomine honorabilis viri Johannes Schenes de dempstartonne de eius procurationis mandato michi notario publico subscripto constabat accessit ad tenementum quod fuit Johannes gray iacens in vico boreali dicte civitatis et ex parte boreali vici eiusdem inter tenementum quondam Johannis leis ad occidentem ab una et communem venellam vocatam le college wynd ad orientem ab altera et nomine quo supra unum annuum Redditum quatuor decem solidos in manibus providi viri thome motto unius ballivorum dicte civitatis per denarii tradicionem sursum reddidit pureque simpliciter Resignavit Qua resignacione sic facta ut moris est in civitate seu burgo et admissis prefatus ballivus david monipeni filio domini de kinkel de huiusmodi annuo reddituexeunte de dicto tenemento cum pertinenciis per huiusmodi denarii tradicionem statum saisinam et possessionem contulit dedit et donavit Necnon eundem david monipenny et suos assignatos in actualem corporalem et Realem possessionem dicti annui Redditus cum pertineciis sibique et suis assignatis pro perpetuo remansuris Idem dominus ballivus iuris auctoritate in hiis fieri consuetum usitatum et solempnizatum induxit et investivit iuxta tenorem carte dicti Johannis sibi desuper conficiendum Super quibus omnibus et singulis prefatus david a me notario publico subscripto sibi fieri petiit unum seu plura publicum seu publica instrumentum seu instrumenta Acta erant hec infra clausura dicti tenementi hora octava ante meridiem vel eocirca sub Anno mense die Indiccione et pontificatu quibus supra Presentibus ibidem venerabilis et discretis viris domino Waltero monipeni priori de portmook Roberto Symson georgio hag Johanne hew Willelmo zoung et Jacobo monipeni cum diversis aliis testibus ad premissa vocatis pariter et Rogatis
-Notary’s mark- Et ego Simon Campion clericus Sancti andree diocesis publicus auctoritatibus Imperiali et Regali notarius premissis omnibus et singulis dum sic ut premittitur dicerentur agerentur et fierent una cum prenominatis testibus presens interfui eaque sic fieri vidi scivi et audivi ac in notam cepi Ideoque hoc presens publicum instrumentum manu propria scriptum exinde confeci subscripsi et publicavi Signoque et nomine meis solitis et consuetis una cum appensione Sigilli ballivi datoris saisine dicti annui Redditus signavi Rogatus et Requisitus in fide et testimonium veritatis omnium et singulorum premissorum.

Call Number UYSL110/PW/68
Title Pittance writ: Charter granting the annual income on a tenement in St Andrews to Walter Eviot
Date 10 November 1500
Omnibus hanc cartam visuris vel audituris Henricus Anderson burgensis de dunde Salutem in domino Sempiternam Noveritis me non vi aut metu ductum nec errore lapsum sed mea mera et spontanea voluntate utilitateque mea undique previsa et considerata vendidisse alienasse et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse discreto viro domino Waltero ewyot capellano capellanie fundate in ecclesia parochiali Sancti leonardi infra civitatem Sancti andree per venerabilem priorem Walterum Monipeni priorem lacus de lewyn ad altare Sancti Johannis ewangeliste in eadem ecclesia ex parte australi dicte ecclesie et suis successoribus capellanis dicti altaris unum annuum Redditum quinque marcarum de tenementio Johannis michelson jacente in eadem Civitate in vico australi eiusdem et ex parte boreali dicti vici inter tenementum heredum quondam Andree Ricardi ad orientem et tenementum quondam Alexandri Scot alias Cuk ad occidente michi debitum pro quadam certa summa pecunie michi in mea magna et urgenti necessitate persoluta De quaquidem Summa pecunie teneor me bene contentum pacatum et integre in pecunia numerata persoluta Dictumque dominum Walterum et omnes alios heredes suos executores et assignatos pro me heredibus meis executoribus et assegnatis quietosclamo et exonero per presentes Renuntiando exceptione pecunie non numerate et pacate ulterius de non petendo expresse promittendo Tenendum et habendum dictum annum Redditum quinque marcarum cum pertinenciis prefato domino Waltero et suis successoribus capellanis dicti altaris a me heredibus meis et assignatis in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum per omnes suas Rectas metas antiquas et divisas cum omnibus commoditatibus libertatibus et asiamentis ac iustis suis pertinenciis quibuscumque ad dictum annuum Redditum quinque marcarum cum pertinentiis annuatim spectantibus seu iuste spectare valentibus quomodolibet in futurum libere quiete plenarie integre honorifice bene et in pace sicut aliqui annuus Redditus infra Regnum Scotie cuicumque datur conceditur venditur seu possidetur Ita quod nec ego neque heredes nei seu assignati seu aliquis nomine nostro ius vel clameum aliquod proprietatem seu possessionem in dicto annuo Redditu cum pertinenciis exigere seu vendicare potero seu poterunt in futurum Sed de cetero a clameo eiusdem in perpetuum exclusi simus per presentes Et ego vero dictus henricus heredes mei et assignati prefatum annuum Redditum quinque marcarum de huiusmodi tenemento cum pertinenciis prefato domino Waltero capellano altaris predicti et suis successoribus capellanis antedictis in omnibus et per omnia ut premissum est contra omnes mortales warantizabimus acquietabimus et in perpetuum defendemus Reservato dicto domino Waltero libero tenemento prefati annui redditus cum pertinenciis pro eius vita ad suum beneplacitum levandi In cuius Rei testimonium huic presenti carte mee sigillum meum proprium est appensum una cum Sigillo Andree kid ballivi datoris saisine dicti annui Redditus cum pertinenciis Apud Sanctum Andream die decimo mensis Novembris Anno domini Millesimo quingentesimo coram hiis testibus Roberto leyrmonth henrico barre Johanne Maluyn Willelmo Zoung David eliatsonne Johanne steil Jacobo monipenny Johanne Wardan et Johanne martyn cum diversis aliis.
]]> http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/collections/archives/]]> http://www.st-andrewslibrarytreasures.com/ This volume presents 50 selected items from across the collections, each accompanied by a short explanatory essay by an expert in the field. It also features an introductory essay outlining the history of St Andrews University Library from its beginnings in a few mediaeval cathedral book presses to the modern hub of learning within an institution of international academic reputation.]]> http://medsta.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/

The Medieval St Andrews app: http://medievalstandrews.org/

An interactive reconstruction of St Andrews cathedral by Open Virtual Worlds: http://blogs.cs.st-andrews.ac.uk/openvirtualworlds/reconstructions/st-andrews-cathedral/

The Institute of Scottish Historical Research: http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/ishr/

St Andrews University Library Special Collections: http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/

The Museum of the University of St Andrews: http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/musa/

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iOS: https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/mediaeval-st-andrews-app/id953459145?mt=8]]> [Stevenson, Documents Illustrative of the History of Scotland, ii, 280-1]

Boniface … to the dear son William Comyn our chaplain, provost of the church of Saint Mary in the city of St Andrews
Your petition shown to us stated that recently the church of St Andrews being vacant by reason of the death of William bishop of St Andrews and a day being set for the election of the next bishop, you, asserting that it was owed to you by reason of your provostship of the church of Saint Mary to have an interest in this election, sought to be admitted to the performance of this election. And because the chapter of the same church of St Andrews, in contempt of you, proceeding to the same election, elected our dear son master William de Lamberton chancellor of the church of Glasgow to the bishopric, you, appealing because of this to the apostolic see, finally after many disputes here and there at the said see, you, led greatly by our approach, agreed to renounce your appeal freely, so that the said church of St Andrews may not be subjected to misfortune for a long time by reason of its bereavement, saving the right which belongs to you and your successors as provosts of the same church of St Mary’s and to the church of St Mary’s itself, or which may then belong to them in the time of the election of a bishop of St Andrews to be conducted hereafter.
Because, we, to whom the care of all churches belongs in general, must therefore aid the same church of St Andrews, but we do not oppose the church of St Mary’s, even being inclined to your claim we wish and by the tenor of these present letters decree that, by the renunciation of these rights (as above) we do not prejudge them, indeed on the contrary you and your aforesaid successors may freely pursue and possess this right in seeking or in possessing as if the same had not be renounced.
Given at Rome, at Saint Peter’s, 7th May 1298

Letters of Pope Boniface VIII confirming the election of William Lamberton as Bishop of St Andrews (1298)
[Theiner, Veteri Monumenta, 165-6]

Boniface … to the venerable brother William de Lamberton bishop of St Andrews, greetings.
It is lawful that the care of the whole church from what belongs to the pastoral office belongs to our care, about this however, it is understood that we are more strongly concerned and we watch over with so much care those who are directly subjected to the Apostolic See, and bear more strongly the care of them, so that we think of their favourable state. Therefore they who lament the misfortune of bereavement arouse our special care so that suitable pastors of them are put first, so that by their efforts they light up spiritual things and are successful in increasing earthly ones.
For the church of St Andrews in Scotland being deprived of the solace of a pastor by the death of William Fraser of good memory, bishop of the same church, the dear sons of the chapter of the said church calling all who wished, ought and were able legitimately to take part, gathering in one body on the arranged day of election and deliberating concerning this on the way to proceed by the process of compromissus, they proposed unanimously and freely to provide in place of the church of the pastor full power to our dear sons John the Prior, John Mair and William Landon archdeacon, Adam the sub-prior, John Kayrer, Adam of Laurbeden and Thomas of Auchtermuchty, canons of the said church, appointing them to renew and retain their bishop and pastor that person whom they, or the greater part of them, appoint by election.
The same prior, archdeacon, sub-prior and canons, having received these powers, considering that since you, a man of great wisdom and discretion, and with knowledge of letters, being of honest life and commended by sober manners would be able to cause an increase in the honour of the said church, they appointed you, then the chancellor of the church of Glasgow, by their vote: And the said prior from the power resigned to him and the aforesaid archdeacon, sub-prior and canons by the chapter, elected you as bishop and pastor of St Andrews by the consent and commission of the said archdeacon, sub-prior and canons, and this election being solemnly announced by the said prior, the said chapter unanimously approved it.
And you, consenting to the said election in proper time, on account of this came to the Apostolic See, and both you in person and the aforesaid prior and chapter, through their specially appointed procurators and envoys, John called Rufus, Martin de Ketketon and Thomas of Auvhtermuchty, presenting us the election decree, beseeched us humbly that we might confirm this election.
We, therefore, having the proofs of this, had them diligently examined, and because we found the election to have been carried out canonically by suitable persons, by apostolic authority and with the brothers of our council we made this to be confirmed…
Given at Rome at St Peters, 15th Calends of July, the fourth year of our Pontificate (1298)

Extract from the articles propounded against the Bishop of Saint Andrews (August 1306)
Articles propounded against the bishop of St Andrews concerning the counsel, assent and adherence performed by him to Robert Bruce in his rebellion against the king of England.
Then after the bishop of St Andrews who then was had died and the people of the land of Scotland by the council and prompting of the prelates and clergy of the same land made to raise war with William Wallace, then rebel and enemy of our lord king and chieftain and governor of the people of Scotland who then were against our lord the king, their liege lord in whose homage and loyalty they had been bound by their letters and instruments public on these acts: there, where the chapter of St Andrews had elected master William Comyn, who the whole time held to the faith of our lord the king and of his friendship: William Wallace and his adherents and enemies of our lord king, to whom the said master William Lamberton had given his adherence against his oath and his allegiance: by force and constraint made them elect him bishop of St Andrews without licence sought and without the assent of our lord king as was appropriate behaviour from the right and according to the usage of the kingdom in prejudice of him and right of the crown and by such an election he was made bishop, entering and occupying the temporalities of the said bishopric and since then he has held them, from which many evils have happened.
Thus, when our lord king had discomfited his enemies so that all those of the said land of Scotland, who had been raised in war against him as aforesaid, were coming to him as their liege lord and rightful king of Scotland and had placed themselves high and low in his grace for their trespass aforesaid: then the said bishop of St Andrews came to Stirling willingly and of his free will (on) the 4th day of May the year of grace 1304 and of the king’s reign 32nd and asked him for his grace and received it kindly and thus the said bishop did another time swear fealty to the king of England aforesaid as to his liege lord and righful king and lord of all Scotland and the said bishop then swore on the body of Jesus Christ and on the Holy Evangelists and on the Cross Neith and the Black Rood of Scotland loyally to hold and keep his said faith from the hour forwards to our lord king and his heirs king of England as fully contained in letters and in instruments.
The day following this said fealty, when the said bishop of St Andrews was addressed by our lord king of England that he had occupied the said temporalities of his bishopric without licence and assent of him in great prejudice of the right of his crown as aforesaid and took from that time the issues and levies of the said bishopric, because he was not properly consecrated, recognised by mouth and by his writing sealed with his seal the said challenge of our lord the king to be true for which he put himself high and low at the will of our lord the king to answer to him for the said issues and levies and to be ready concerning this at his (the king’s) ordinance at whatever time that he (the king) wished to speak to him as stated by his said letters and public instruments done on this.
After this when the king had established all the lands of Scotland to peace, and had put and assigned certain justiciars and guardians to keep the peace, and had retained the bishop in his council and had made him chief of these guardians ... and Robert de Bruce was raising himself by treason against his sovereign lord the King of England ... and had murdered John Comyn lord of Badenoch ... because John would not assent to the treason which Robert planned against the King of England; to rise up and make himself King of Scotland by his power, and had taken the castle of Dumfries and imprisoned the king's justices and ministers, and from there went to Scone ..., then the said Bishop of St. Andrews knew all the plots of Robert Bruce, even on the day he was with the king's council at Berwick to give advice about the crime done by Robert Bruce, ... and on the king's business in Scotland. He left them at night to go to Scone and honour Robert on the day he was crowned and called King of Scots.
When the Bishop of Saint Andrews was going and holding with the Earl of Carrick, he saw the power which the king assembled in Scotland and, perceiving that the king's enemies would be unable to maintain their foolish and wicked enterprise long, he surrendered to Sir Aymer de Valence, the lieutenant of the king in those parts ... and asked that for certain business touching his church ... he be given leave to go and return after a short time. Sir Aymer, thinking that he would be loyal, suffered him to go, and the bishop, going to his men, men-at-arms as well as footmen, brought them to the Earl of Carrick to help him in battle with Sir Aymer.
And for this Most Holy Father, that the said bishop bears himself wickedly against our lord the king of England in many ways as said above and especially that he was sworn to be of the council of our lord the king and was made chief guardian of his land of Scotland.
Thus Holy Father at the time of the dismissal of the said bishop of St Andrews, master William Comyn brother of the earl of Buchan, who well and loyally holds to the faith of our lord king was elected by the chapter of the said church, and William Wallace who then was chieftain and governor of the people of Scotland who were rebels and enemies of our lord the king by force and against his will made William de Lamberton, then chancellor of Glasgow, to be elected as bishop of the said church … and if he would please you, in place of him, to make the said William Comyn bishop who has well and loyally held to the faith of our lord the king for which it is clear that he will be profitable for the estate of the church and the peace of the land also.

Summary of the Jurisdictions around St Andrews from the Sixteenth Century Black Book
Decision in the dispute between the Culdees and the Bishop concerning the Jurisdiction of land made through Thomas Randulph warden on this side of the Scottish Sea 1309
In the register of the Monastery of St Andrews were clauses concerning conferences held and concluded on a certain matter in dispute in which it was decided concerning the jurisdictions of the regality of the episcopate of St Andrews dated A.D. 1309
And it was found and in due and proper form made public that within the Boar’s Chase (Cursus Apri) there are but three baronies, to wit, the barony of the Lord Bishop of St Andrews, the barony of the Lord Prior of St Andrews, and the barony of the Culdees, which baronies with their inhabitants are held immediately of the Bishop of St Andrews and his Church, and of no other. Whence, by reason of the said holding, the foresaid baronies, as much by law as by established custom, are held bound to give suit and attendance at the Court of the said Lord Bishop and there to be concerned with … as well as the carrying out of other judicial acts concerning condemned persons.
Further it was found that if any judgement within the court of the lord provost of the Culdees or of any barony within the Boar’s Chase is challenged by anyone, the same is to be appealed to the court of the lord bishop, and there judgement is to be determined and declared.
Further it was found that if anyone inhabiting the said baronies has been seized outwith the Boar’s Chase either by bailies of the lord king or by others, he shall be claimed and repledged to the regality of St Andrews only by the justiciar of the Lord Bishop or his servants and not by any bailies of the said baronies.
Moreover it was found and in due and proper form on the said day proclaimed that the Lord Bishop or his justiciar has the power of making investigation in all pleas of the king’s crown and concerning life and limb in the Boar’s Chase and what is more, that out of a plenitude of kingly power the Lord Bishop may, within the Boar’s Chase, give life and limb to the condemned.
[Calendar of St Andrews Charters, SAUL B65/22, no. 4]

Letters of Visitation by William Bishop of St Andrews (1369)
Letters of visitation by William bishop of St Andrews to the abbot of Scone and to the prior and convent of the same, recording that on occasion of his visitation of their monastery made on the 23rd day of October in the year of our lord 1369 he has ordained as follows, viz:
That divine service should be daily and piously observed at regular and accustomed hours by night as well as well as by day and that the Prior and other monks appointed to discharge duty should be present at morning mass and other hours unless excusably prevented, also that all canons, priests should, as often as they can , perform their masses and if any of them should omit doing so for more than three days, enquiry should immediately be made by the Abbot or Prior as to the cause of their absence from mass so long.
Also that due silence in fitting times and places and other regular lawful and usual observances should be maintained.
Also that the Abbot should give up a Statement and Account within the next six weeks of his office of Treasurer from the time when he intromitted (entered office) and that within the same time all other monastic officials should render accounts of their offices as is the custom elsewhere.
Also that the Abbot should commit the office of Treasurer to any Canon who seems competent to discharge that office, but that he may nevertheless appoint as his assistant any canon, instructing and informing him as to the things pertaining to that office, so that the Abbot himself may to that extent be relieved of that burden, and have leisure to attend to the government of his monastery.
Also that a plurality of offices should not be conferred on any one person when one person is scarcely able to rightly fill one office, and especially that the office of victualler should be deputed to one who is able to give daily attention to it.
Also that order be taken regarding the fabric and repair of the church and buildings and that necessary artificers and workmen be employed for this purpose.
And finally in order to avoid scandal, that women stay not continuously within the walls of the monastery, and especially that they be removed and kept at a distance from the sick ward and surgical chamber so that the sick may be able to have their bed chamber, their usual recreations and their proper and accustomed comforts without suspicion of evil.
The forgoing ordinance for the improvement of divine worship and the amelioration of their own condition and that of the monastery he enjoins to be in all points implemented and firmly observed by the Abbot, the Prior and the Convent under canonical penalties, and that these letters should be presented to him at his next visitation.
Given under seal at the place and date foresaid.

[National Archives of Scotland, RH6/150]

Confirmation of a charter of Bishop Wardlaw to his constable
The king (James II) confirmed the charter of Henry Bishop of St Andrews which, with the consent of his chapter, granted to John Wemyss of Kilmany for his loyal council and help to the said bishop and performed and to be performed to the church of St Andrews by him and his successors in posterity, and to Janet Wardlaw his wife; the office of constable of the castle and city of St Andrews with the land of Muirton and Achokyre in the regality of St Andrews. Being held by the said John and Janet and the longer living of them and their legitimate heirs procreated between them, failing which the male heirs of the said John whoever, from the the said bishop and his successors. Making and upholding to the said bishop and his successors all the labours which are known to pertain to the said office, for all other services etc.
Witnessing the which (the bishop’s charter): Malcolm Fleming lord of Cumbernauld, Master John Scheves doctor of decreets and official general of the diocese of St Andrews, John Lumsden sheriff of Fife, John Carmichael nephew of the said bishop, Dominus William Wishart his chamberlain, Dominus William Cairns his chaplain and vicar of Glamis; with the seal of the bishop and with the seal of the said chapter.
[The king’s charter dated 10th August 1440]
Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, ii, no. 244

Charter confirming the ‘Golden Charter’ to the Bishops of St Andrews
The king (James III) confirmed the charter of King James II which with the consent of the three estates of his kingdom and on account of the deserving loyalty of James Kennedy bishop of St Andrews his cousin performed on many occasions, confirmed all earlier gifts made by his predecessors to the church of St Andrews and the bishop of the same church in perpetuity and gave the lands underwritten and others from his predecessors in free and special regality; viz – the lands of St Nicholas of Kinkell, Kingask, Byrehill, Fauside, Kilmonane, Kenlochquhy, Putky, Bonyngtoune, Balcaythly, Dunenoch, Stravethy, Balaly, Petarthy, Kynalldy-suthir, Kynaldy-northir, Gilmourtoune, Balrymont-Estyr, Carngoure, Lambeislethin, Priourislethin, Newgrange, Langraw, Balrymont-Westyr, Kylrynny, Invergelly, Invary, Kynlonchare, Balbuthy, Petcorthy, Murecambosse, Athirny, Lathame, Balgormo, Baldastard, Balmane, Scuny, Balbethe, Monfloure, Levynnis-brig, Methkyll, le Hache, Torre, Crannoch, Cavill, Bynnis, Urwell, Lathokir, Muretoune, Lathone, Raderny, Camerone, Fedynche, Keyrnis, Ballochin, Strakynnes, Wilkynston, Greigstone, Drumcarach, Lawdeddy, Kynninmonde, Baldunny, Arnydy, Claremounthe, Malgask-uvir, Malgask-nethir, Clattow, Balgrife, Stratirne, Kyncapill, Neutoune, Nydy-estyr, Nydy-westir, Kynnarde, Kenbak, Blabo, Myretoune, Deresy, Crag-fudy, Mydil-fudy, Westyr-fudy, Fengask, Burchle, Newmyll, Ballase, Kylmany, Freretoune, Kirkland of Luchris, Forgund, Priouris Kynmuck, Monymeyll, Lathane, Cunyochy, Muretoune-in-Luchris, Culluthy, Owthirmunsy, Berelais, Carny, Outhirrudirstudyr, Cragroyhill, Tarvat, Nethir-Tarvat, Gledny, Kyrkforthir, Balmalkyn, Balmungy and Machrise: furthermore it is granted to the said bishop and his heirs as he had, held and possessed his lands written here in special regality, viz the lands called Byschapis-schire, Muckart-schire, Scottis-crag and le Fery, Petcunty, Murefeld and the lands of the priory of Petynweme, viz Petynweme, Litill-Anstrudir, Fauside, Lyngow, Pettotyr, Crangbregis, Gradn-mure (sheriffdom of Fife) and the lands of Estir-Rynde and Westir-Rynde (sheriffdom of Perth); the which lands are incorporated into the regality of St Andrews. Being held in one special regality or regalia, called the regality of St Andrews in perpetuity with the four points and pleas of the crown; and furthermore the king willed that the tenants or renters of the said bishop and their goods dwelling between the waters of Forth and Tay should only be arrested in the ayres of justiciar and chamberlain in the courts of the bishop and in no way should they be brought together to pay royal taxation or tallage and he willed that the present donations should not be revoked by the king or his successors but they should defend the said powers and nothing else. (Owing) nothing except the saying of devotions and prayers for the king, his predecessors and successors
[King James II’s charter granted at Edinburgh, 14th June 1452]
Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, ii, no. 1444

Extracts from the Rental of the Archbishop of St Andrews (1543-1545)
Account of Master Bernard Bailie rector of Lamington and Chamberlain, rendered at St Andrews, Wednesday 13th May 1545; involving arrears of Master Alexander Kinninmonth’s account (6th March 1543) and his own receipts and expenses (1543-4)

Discharge
Cutting and winning hay of Radernie, £4; of Monimail, 20s; fermes of the ward of Inchmurdoch in the Cardinal’s hands, 13s 4d; repair of dykes thereof, 5s; …
Fee of the gardener of Monimail, 20s; also of the gardener of St Andrews Castle, 40s; of Ambrose Skyrling, janitor of the outer gate of the castle, 40s; of the watchman, 20s; of the sergeants or officers of Monimail, Scotscraig and Byrehills (40s each); also Byschopshire and Mukartschire (26s 8d each), Angus (£3 6s 8d), Keig and Monymusk (£3), Dairsie (50s), Stow (£3), Kyrkliston (53s 4d) – £17 3s 4d

(Fee) of the laird of Lochleven bailie of Byschopshire and Mukartschire, £10; of Alexander Jardine, head cook, £6 13s 4d; … Sir Henry Balfour, to pay a Frenchman for 73 beche schulis and 6 stones 13 pounds of towys (cordarum) for work at the castle (as per the precept, St Andrews, July 23 1544) £5 1d; Alexander Myllar, fishermen in Pittenweem, for freight thence to St Andrews of 20 chalders of lime for the castle (as per the quittance of Sir Henry Balfour, one of the masters of work, St Andrews, June 19, 1544), £6
Sir Henry Balfour, iron and other materials (£5 8s 9d) to Master Wolf, gunner, to make a moyane culverini, fee of Robert Smyth and two servitors (£3 6s) working for 3 weeks, and a payment to Balfour himself (44s), in the castle garden … £10 18s 9d
To Sir James Bickerton, master of work for the castle … £159 3s 6d …
To Sir Michael Hog, almoner, for the poor from 19 Dec 1543 to 19 Aug 1544 inclusive … £33 4s
To Archibald Campbell burgess of Dundee to buy certain puncheons of wine for the Cardinal’s use in St Andrews Castle … £110
Wages of household servitors of the Cardinal with their horses remaining outside the household from 9 Feb to end of that month 1543, from 10 March to 2 April 1544 and on to 8 … £336 18s
To Alan Couttis for the expenses of the Cardinal and household from 10 March 1543 to 19 July 1544 … £583 14s 3d
Fee of William Murray the household cook … 33s 4d
Fee of Robert Hall, cook serving in the Cardinal’s kitchen, 28s
To Alexander Gibsoun, cook and keeper of the capons and poultry, £3 6s 8d; Fee of Walter Hervey, keeper of the hall pewter, 20s; Of Rutlege and Troilles, kitchen boys, 30s
Alexander Naper, saddler in St Andrews by mandate of Robert Lindsay, master of the stable to purchase necessaries for the horses and stable … £32
Master Andrew Oliphant … purchase of 132 chalders of lime in June and July 1544 for the castle (bought in Wemyss, Crail and St Andrews) … £98 11s 10d
To Robert Hall in Kinghorn, 14 chalders of coal for the use of the Cardinal in the castle … £25 4s
To John Beton of Balfour, captain of the castle, for the fabric thereof … £325 15s
Andrew Moncrieff, the Cardinal’s servitor, sent from St Andrews to Stirling and Hamilton by mandate … 22s
Master John Meffen to wash the ornaments of the altar of the chapel of St Andrews, also for bread and wax candles … 24s
Robert Boswell for hire of horses to conduct Andrew Leslie son of the earl of Rothes from Edinburgh to St Andrews … 22s
Drinksilver to a servant of the provost of St Andrews presenting a horse to the Cardinal 22s
Robert Boswell for hire of a horse from Stirling to Castle Campbell and for expenses of conducting an Italian auditor to Lindores 44s
An indweller in Muckhart to lead the way to Kincardine with the Cardinal 10s
Two servants sent from Kincardine to Doune Castle to bring back two silver flasks of the Cardinal, 22s
Robert Boswell to hire horses to bring the coffers of the Cardinal from Kincardine to St Andrews, 12s
Freight of materials for Master Wolf engineer from Limekilns to St Andrews to make guns, 44s
For the gardener of St Andrews monastery (14 Aug 1544) presenting artichokes to the Cardinal, 22s
A man bringing iron bullets from Dunbar Castle to St Andrews Castle, 44s; culveriners who came to be hired by the cardinal, 22s; 21 barrels of ale received from John Dikesone for the Cardinal and household in Edinburgh, £28; John Pardovane, George Hepburn and Thomas Davidson servitors remaining in St Andrews Castle, 34s; David Smyth watchman of the castle (Martinmas 1543 – Whitsun 1544), £6 13s 4d
Master John Arnott for gunpowder bought by him for John Beaton of Balfour captain of the castle … £28 6s 8d
Metals and other necessaries for Master Wolf, engineer, to make a culverayne moyane £134 11s 7d
Petty expenses of of Sir Andrew Myll, by boat from Edinburgh to St Andrews with the Cardinal’s great tapestries, £4 11s 8d; Expenses of James Symsoun sent from St Andrews to Leith to receive the Cardinal’s wine

Account of Master Robert Auchmouty, granitarius, rendered at St Andrews Castle, Wednesday 16th Sept 1545 …
210 chalders of coal put in the castle for the Cardinal, the captain and their households, from May 1543 to August 1545 … £404 15s 1d; For carters of St Andrews taking the coals from the harbour to the castle … £21 11s 6d; Servitors carrying them into the coal-house … £7 6d
Part of the expenses of the Earl of Arran’s eldest son, John Beaton of Balfour the captain, servitors, household and guards in the Cardinal’s absence, paid by the accountant to William Patterson, provisor at the castle (April 1544-August 1545), £351 7d
To Sir James Bickerton, master of works at the castle, for the fabric at various times … £153 11s 8d
Clothes for the pages Claude and Guthrie, another little page named Prophet, and the servant of the Lord of Tullibardine detained captive in the castle for two years from 1 Nov 1543 … £35 5s 8d
26½ ells of white woollen cloth, coarse and broad, for 6 pairs of double blankets, and 52 ells of coarse linen for 6 pairs of sheets for the beds of the guards (castellanorum), delivered to John Beaton of Balfour … £7 7s 3d; 3 pairs of fine linen sheets delivered at Little Monimail when the Earl of Huntly was entertained there (which were not restored after his departure), 50s
Part payment to Robert Smyth in Argyle, working with Master Wolf the engineer, at the making of a gun in the castle … £3 6s

Rentale Sancti Andree 1538-1546, Scottish History Society (1913), 175-200
]]> Translated by Professor Dauvit Broun

Andrew, which according to Hebrew etymology is translated ‘beautiful’ or ‘responding’, is nonetheless translated ‘manly’, from ‘man’ in the Greek language. Brother of the blessed apostle Peter as far as the flesh is concerned, but his co-heir in grace; the first apostle chosen by Our Lord Jesus Christ according to John the Evangelist, but second according to Matthew and Mark; he received by lot as his mission the northern nations, that is the Scythians and Picts, finally the Achaians and the city called Patras where, furthermore, he was crucified on November 30th; and he was interred there. And there his bones were kept for a period of about 273 years until the time of Constantine the Great son of Helen and his sons, that is Constantius and Constantine with Constans. In their reign they were taken up and translated out of there in a marvellous and famous procession by the citizens of Constantinople, and re-interred there at Constantinople with great glory and the greatest honour; and they remained there throughout until the time of the Christian emperor Theodosiusthat is to say, for a period of 110 years. At that timenot by chance but by divine instigationa king of the Picts called Ungus son of Urguist, rising up with a great army, killing with the cruellest devastation the British nations living in the south part of this island, finally reached the plain of Mercia and wintered there. Then all the peoples of nearly the whole island, coming with a united force, surrounded him, intending to destroy him and his army completely. Next day, the aforementioned king went out for a walk with his seven most intimate companions, and a divine light shone around them, and they fell forward onto their faces, unable to bear it (the light). And lo, a voice was heard from heaven: ‘Ungus, Ungus, hear me, an apostle of Christ, Andrew by name, who am sent to defend and protect you. Get up, behold the image of the cross of Christ which stands in the sky and will go before you against your enemies: nevertheless, offer a tenth part of your inheritance in alms to God Almighty and in honour of St Andrew His apostle. Now on the third day, advised by the divine voice, he (Ungus) divided his army into thirteen troops, and the image of the cross went in front of each division, and a divine light shone from the top of each and every image. Thereupon they became victors. They gave thanks to God Almighty and St Andrew the apostle; and, arriving home unharmed, they willingly gave a tenth part of Ungus’ inheritance to God and to the venerable apostle St Andrew, fulfilling what is written: ‘give alms and, behold, all things are clean for you’. They were uncertain, however, in which place they might specially assign God’s tribute and the chief city of the apostle St Andrew. When they (the Picts) had taken counsel, fasted for periods of two, three and four days, and beseeched the mercy of Almighty God, one of the guardians of the body of St Andrew the apostle at Constantinople was admonished and instructed by a divine vision, saying: ‘go from your land and from your family and the house of your father, and make your way to the land I will have revealed to you’. Thereupon he came with an angel attending and guarding his way, [and] he arrived successfully at the top of the king’s hill, that is Rígmonaid. The same hour in which he had encamped there, tired, with his seven companions, a divine light shone around the king of the Picts who was coming with his army to a special place which is called Cartenan. And they fell on their faces, unable to bear the brightness. And the lame and blind were healed to the number of seven. And one of the blind, blind from birth, was able to see; and then he saw a place filled with a visitation of angels, and at once called out in a loud voice, saying: ‘behold, I see a place filled with a visitation of angels!’ Finally, according to God’s design, the king came with his army to the place which the Lord showed the blind man to whom He had given sight. Regulus, a monk from the city of Constantinople, indeed, met the king at the gate called Matha (that is Mordorus) with the relics of St Andrew the apostle which he had brought with him from there (i.e. Constantinople) to here. And citizens and foreigners exchanged greetings, and put up their tents there, where the king’s hall now is. King Ungus, indeed, gave this place and this city to Almighty God and to St Andrew the apostle in freedom for ever, that it might be the head and mother of all churches which are in the kingdom of the Scots. For pilgrims come together to this city, palmers from JerusalemRomans, Greeks, Armenians, Teutons, Germans, Saxons, Danes, Galicians, Gauls, English, Britons; men and women; rich and poor; the healthy and the sick; the lame and the blind; and the weak, brought here by horse and vehicle: and they are cured for all to see through the mercy of God, to the honour and glory of His own chief saint, Andrew the apostle. Through His own saint, Andrew the apostle, the Lord has performed, performs, and will for ever perform here miracles and signs and innumerable marvels which cannot be recorded here now. The monk Regulus, indeed, became abbot [and] lived the monastic life in this place, serving God by day and by night in holiness and justice all the days of his life with his own dear companions, whose bodies found rest here. They planted vegetable gardens where there is now the house of Master Samuel and his ancestors and successors. Moreover, working with their own hands they made a mill; and they built everything which belongs honourably and honestly to the monks. But Britain, the whole island, had been taught in Christianity before the Picts and Scots had entered it. But the greatest enlargement of faith was made for all faithful Christians of that island because the Lord deigned to send so distinguished and great a pastor to them, a preacher after the pattern of Andrew the apostle, first disciple of Our Lord Jesus Christ. And so the archepiscopacy of all Scotia ought to be [exercised] from this city, where the apostolic seat is. No bishop ought to be ordained in Scotia without the approval of the elders of this place. Indeed, in relation to the first Rome this is the second; this is a pre-eminent city of refuge; this is the city of cities of Scotia, to which Our Lord gave these columns as a support: that is, Archbishop Giric, Mac Bethad, and Gregoir, with other brothers of theirs. I beseech the Lord that I may always partake with them of the kingdom of heaven. Amen.

The St Andrews Foundation Legend B
Translated by Dr Simon Taylor
In the year of the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ 345 Constantius grandson of Constantine son of Helena gathered a great army to plunder the city of Patras in order to avenge the execution of the blessed Andrew the Apostle of Christ, and to remove from there his remains. But on the third night, before the emperor entered the city with his army, an angel of God descending from Heaven appeared to the holy men who were guarding the remains of St Andrew the Apostle, and ordered the holy bishop Regulus to go with his clerics to the sarcophagus, in which were deposited the bones of the blessed Andrew, and to take from there three fingers of his right hand, and the arm between the elbow and the shoulder, and the knee-cap from his knee, and one of his teeth. They took these parts of his remains, just as the angel had commanded them, and put them in a very secret place. The following day after these relics had been put away, Emperor Constantius came at dawn with his army and plundered both the city and the province; and took with him to Rome the casket in which he found the rest of the bones of the holy apostle had been placed. On his arrival there he ravaged the island of the Tiber, and the Colosseum, and took with him from there to Constantinople the bones of St Luke the Evangelist, and of Timothy the disciple of the blessed Paul the apostle, along with the remains of the blessed Andrew.
At that time Hungus son of Forso, the great king of the Picts, gathered his army against Athelstan the king of the Saxons, and pitched camp at the mouth of the river Tyne. That very night, before the two armies met, the blessed Andrew appeared to Hungus king of the Picts in his sleep, saying to him that the apostle himself would on the following day overcome the enemy army in such a way that Hungus would triumph fully over his enemies. To whom the king said; ‘Who are you? And where do you come from?’ The blessed Andrew replied saying, ‘I am Andrew, apostle of Christ, and now I have come from Heaven, sent by God, to reveal to you that tomorrow I will overcome your enemies, and subjugate them to you, and having obtained a happy victory you will return home unharmed with your army, and my remains will be brought into your kingdom, and the place to which they will be brought with all honour and veneration will be famous until the last day of time.’ With these words he vanished. So the king, on waking from his dream, told his men what the blessed Andrew had revealed to him while he slept. When they heard these things, the people of the Picts rejoiced and swore that they would with all diligence and for all time show veneration to the blessed Andrew, if those things which he had shown to their king were brought about. On the following day the Picts, made joyful by the Apostle's promise, prepared for battle; and having divided up the army they set seven ranks around their king. The Saxons divided up their army and took up a close formation around their king Athelstan in fourteen ranks. When battle was joined the Saxons, immediately deprived of all courage, by God’s will, and with the holy apostle Andrew intervening on the side of the Picts, turned in flight. The head of Athelstan, king of the Saxons, was cut off, and countless Saxons were slaughtered. And King Hungus, possessed of victory, returning with no small army to his own land, ordered Athelstan's head to be brought with him and he had it fixed on a wooden stake in the place which is called Ardchinnechena within the harbour now called Queen’s Ferry. After this victory obtained by heavenly means the Saxons never dared attack the Picts.
After a few days had passed after the happy victory of this war, the angel of God again came from Heaven to the blessed bishop Regulus, whom he addressed thus: ‘By command of God on high do not delay to go to northern parts, towards the rising sun, with the remains of Andrew the disciple of Christ which at our warning you recently kept back; and in whatever place the ship which will carry you and your company across the sea is wrecked, with no danger to you or your companions, there you will lay the foundations of a church in the name of the Lord and of his Apostle Andrew. For that place will be for you and your companions your resting place forever, and there will be your resurrection on the day of the last judgment.’ And Bishop Regulus, according to the precept of the angel, accompanied by holy men, with the remains of the holy apostle, sailed towards the north, and for the space of one and a half years, driven by many violent storm winds, founded an oratory in honour of St Andrew wherever throughout the islands of the sea of Greece he was brought to land. And so the holy men, having suffered innumerable toils along the sea coasts, with God as their guide, directed their sail towards the north, and landed on the night of St Michael in the land of the Picts, at a place which had been called Muckros, but is now called Kilrymonth. Muckros means ‘wood of pigs’. After the ship in which they were sailing had been wrecked on the rocks, they pitched tents for themselves there and fixed in the ground a cross which they had brought with them from Patras as a sign of the sacred things which they had brought, and as a protection against the snares of demons. And there they remained for 7 days and as many nights. And leaving the older men there, St. Damian and his brother Merinach, to guard the place, Regulus and the other men went to Forteviot with the relics of the most holy apostle Andrew, and there they found the three sons of King Hungus, Eoganán and Nechtan and Finguine Garb, and because their father was at that time on an expedition in Argyll, for whose life the sons were much concerned, they gave a tenth part of the city of Forteviot to God and St Andrew. Having erected a cross there the holy men blessed the place and those who dwelt there, the sons of the king.
Then they went to Monethatha, which is now called Mondynes, and there the queen Finchem gave birth to a daughter to King Hungus, who was called Mouren. The body of the virgin Mouren is buried at Kilrymonth, and no-one was buried there before her. Queen Finchem gave the house in which she had given birth to her daughter Mouren to God and St Andrew, and all the royal enclosure for ever. And having erected a cross there, they blessed the queen and that place. Then they crossed the mountains, i.e. the Mounth, and came to a place which was called Doldauha but now called Kindrochit-Alian. There the great king Hungus, on his way back from his expedition, met the holy men, and prostrated himself with all humility and reverence in front of the relics of St Andrew the Apostle when they were shown to him; and all the noble Picts who were with him prostrated themselves in front of the relics like their humble king. And the king gave to God and the holy apostle Andrew that place i.e. Doldauha, and built a church on the spot where the bare relics had been shown him. Then the king with the holy men crossed the mountains i.e. the Mounth and came to Mondynes. And there he built a church in honour of God and the blessed Apostle. And so the king with his holy men came to Forteviot, and there he built a basilica to God and the Apostle. Afterwards King Hungus, with the holy men, came to Kilrymonth, and, going round the big site of the place, offered it to God and to Saint Andrew the Apostle to build there basilicas and oratories.
Out of great devotion King Hungus and Bishop Regulus himself, and the other men went seven times round that very place, marked out by a clear sign. Having thus carried out the seven-fold circuit and perambulation, Bishop Regulus processed carrying above his head the relics of the holy apostle with all veneration, with his holy company following the bishop with songs and hymns. And the devout King Hungus followed them on foot, very devoutly pouring out profound prayers and thanks to God. And the most noble aristocrats of all the realm followed the king. Thus they commended that place to God, and fortified it with royal permission <on the 6 February>. As a sign of royal favour, the holy men erected 12 stone crosses at intervals around the circumference of the place; and they humbly begged God of heaven, that all who pray in that place with a devout mind and pure intention may obtain the fulfilment of their petition.
Afterwards King Hungus gave to the church of the holy apostle as a parochia whatever land is between the sea which is called the Firth of Forth, as far as the sea which is called Firth of Tay; and in the adjacent province along its bounds from Largo, as far as Ceres <of the Dogs or of the Cains?>; and from Ceres as far as Naughton MacIrb (Hyhatnachten Machehirb), which land is now called Naughton. And the king gave this place, that is Kilrymont, to God and St Andrew his apostle, with waters, with fields, with meadows, with pastures, with muirs, with woods in alms for ever; and he endowed that place with such liberty that its inhabitants will always be free and quit of hosting, and of castle- and bridge-work, and of the trouble of all secular exactions.
Bishop Regulus sang the prayer Alleluia so that God might forever protect that place given in alms, and guard it in honour of the apostle. As a reminder of the liberty granted King Hungus seized a divot and in front of his Pictish nobles bore it as far as the altar of St Andrew, and on it he placed that same divot as an offering. This was done in the presence of these witnesses: Talorc son of Iarnbodb, Nechtan son of Chelturan, Gartnait son of Dubnach, Drust son of Wythrossi, Nacthaleth son of Gigherti, Shinach son of Litheren, Oengus son of Foichele, Feradach son of Finlaech Phihacnanfin son of Bolg, Gilunineruh son of Taran, Demene son of Chinganena, Duptalarch son of Bargoit. Those witnesses are born of royal stock.
Afterwards in Kilrymont the holy men built seven churches. One in honour of St Regulus; the second in honour of St Aneglas {the deacon}; the third in honour of St Michael the Archangel; the fourth in honour of St Mary virgin; the fifth in honour of the honourable St Damian the elder; the sixth in honour of St Brigid virgin; the seventh in honour of a certain Mouren virgin, and in that church were 50 virgins born of royal stock, all dedicated to God, having taken the veil at eleven years of age, and all buried in the eastern part of that church.
These are the names of those men who brought the holy relics of St Andrew the apostle to Scotland: Bishop Regulus, Gelasius the deacon, Matheus the hermit, St Damian the priest and Merinachus his brother, Nermus and Chusemus from the island of Crete. Mirenus and Chubaculus the deacon, Natchabeus and Silicius his brother, seven hermits from the island of Tiber(is), Felix, Saranus, Mauritius, Madianus, Philipphus, Eugenius, Lucius; and three virgins from Collossia, viz Triduana, Potentia, Omeria. These virgins are buried in the church of St Anaglas.
Cano son of Dubabrach wrote this record for King Uurad son of Bargoit in the estate of Meigle.

The Augustinian’s Account
Translated by Dr Simon Taylor
These things, as we have said before, we have transcribed just as we found written in old books of the Picts. Most Scots affirm that the blessed Apostle Andrew was here alive in the flesh; taking as proof of their assertion the fact that he got as his lot the land of the Picts, that is Scythia, to preach in; and for this reason he held this place dear above all places; and what he did not fulfil while alive, he might fulfil after he had been released from the flesh. Because we have not found this written down, we are strongly inclined neither to deny or to affirm it. But since mention has been made of the miracles and wonders which God through His holy apostle has done and is doing, and since an occasion has offered itself to write some of these things, we have determined to write, by God's gift, the things that we have either found written down or have heard from trustworthy informers or have even observed for ourselves; and this the brothers have asked us to do. In the meantime, however, we have put this off until we may finish what has been begun.
So when the kingdom of the Picts had been completely destroyed, and had been seized by the Scots, the property and estates of the church [at St Andrews] waxed or waned in turn in proportion to the devotion kings and princes had for the holy apostle. About which things it must not be told individually, but only those things which relate to us are to be dealt with in abridged form. There was a royal city called Rymont, royal hill, which the above-mentioned King Hungus gave to God and the holy apostle. And when the saints whom we have mentioned above, who had arrived with the relics of the blessed apostle, had been removed from their present life, along with their disciples and imitators, religious worship died out there as it was a barbarous and uncouth people. But there continued in the church of St Andrew, such as it was then, by carnal succession thirteen whom they call Culdees, who were living more according to their own estimation and human tradition, than according to the statutes of the holy fathers. Indeed they still live like this; and they have certain things in common which are less in amount and value, while they have as their own the things which are greater in amount and value, as each of them is able to acquire gifts, either from friends who are united to them by some personal tie, such as kindred or connection, or from those whose anmcharait, that is soul-friends, they [the Culdees] are, or in whatever other ways. After they are made Culdees, they are not allowed to keep their wives in their houses, nor any other women from whom evil suspicion may arise.
Moreover, there were seven persons, who divided among themselves the offerings of the altar; of which seven portions the bishop used to enjoy only one, and the hospital another; the remaining five were apportioned to the other five, who performed no duty whatsoever to the altar or the church, except that they provided, according to their custom, hospitality for pilgrims and strangers, when more than six arrived, determining by lot whom or how many each of them was to receive. Indeed the hospital had continual accommodation for a number not exceeding six; but from the time that, by God's gift, it came into the possession of the canons, till the present it has received all who come to it. The canons have also determined that if anyone should arrive who is sick, or who falls ill there, his care is to be undertaken in all necessities according to the resources of the house, until he recovers his health or dies. But if he has any property, let him do what he wants with it and let him dispose of it as he will since in that house nothing will be demanded of him. Also a chaplain has been appointed by the canons to look after both the sick and the dying, and two brothers, who look after the house, receive strangers, and minister to the sick; but who do not eat or drink there, nor do they receive their clothing there. Moreover the canons have granted for this purpose the tenths of their own labours, and the remains of their food. If there is anything necessary in their cellar for either the healthy or the sick which cannot be had from the hospital, let it be given without objection. The above-mentioned persons also had their own revenues and possessions; which, when they died, their wives, whom they openly kept, and their sons and daughters, their relatives or their sons-in-law, divided amongst themselves, even the very offerings of the altar at which they did not serve; it would be shameful to speak of this were it not for the fact that they had been allowed to do it. Nor could so great an evil be removed until the time of King Alexander of happy memory, a special friend of the holy church of God; who magnified the church of the blessed apostle Andrew with estates and revenues, loaded it with many and valuable gifts, and endowed it with liberties and customs which were of his royal gift, to be held as royal possessions. Also the land which is called The Boar's Raik, which King Hungus, whom we mentioned above, had given to God and the holy apostle Andrew when the relics of the blessed apostle Andrew had been brought, and which had afterwards been taken away, he also established to its pristine condition [ or ‘anew’]; with the specific purpose and on condition that the religious life should be established in that church for the maintenance of divine worship. For there was no-one who served the altar of the blessed apostle, nor was mass celebrated there, except when the king or the bishop came there, which happened rarely. For the Culdees celebrated their office after their own fashion in a corner of the church, which [church] was very small. Of which royal donation there are many witnesses still living, and this donation his brother Earl David also confirmed, whom the king had constituted his heir and successor in the kingdom, as he is today. As a royal record of his gift the king ordered to be led to the altar an Arab steed, with its own bridle, saddle, shield and silver lance, and covered with a large, precious cloth; and he ordered the church to be invested with all the aforementioned royal gifts, liberties and customs; he also gave Turkish arms of a different kind, which are still kept in the church of St Andrew, along with its [the steed’s] shield and saddle as a memorial of royal munificence. They are shown to people coming from all the airts, so that what is so frequently brought to mind will not be forgotten in any way. It was of course in the days of this king Alexander, near the end of his earthly life, that sir Robert the first prior of the church of Scone, which the same king had also given to the canons and had enriched with many gifts and estates, was elected bishop of the Scots. Indeed from ancient times they have been called the bishops of St Andrew, and in both ancient and modern writings they are found called ‘High Archbishops’ or ‘High Bishops of the Scots’. Which is why Bishop Fothad, a man of the greatest authority, caused to be written on the cover of a gospel-book these lines:
Fothad, who is the High Bishop to the Scots,
made this cover for an ancestral gospel-book.

So now in ordinary and common speech they are called Escop Alban, that is ‘Bishops of Albany’. And they have been called, and are (still) called this on account of their pre-eminence by all the bishops of the Scots, who are called after the places over which they preside.
But before the consecration of that (bishop-)elect the said King Alexander, having died, left his brother King David, who was the only one of the brothers still alive, and who is still alive, heir not so much to the kingdom as to his devotion towards the church of God and towards the protection of the poor. For he is, and will remain, fully occupied in bringing to a conclusion with God's help what his brother the often mentioned king had begun. He founded very many churches and monasteries of both monks and canons as well as of nuns; and conferred upon them many benefices. Moreover he has done many works of mercy towards the servants and hand-maidens of Christ, which it is not within our ability to narrate. He brought it about that the head of the church of St Andrew the aforementioned sir Robert be consecrated by Thurstan archbishop of York of blessed memory, without profession, or any exaction whatsoever, saving only the dignity of both churches, and the authority of the holy and apostolic see. Therefore, once the bishop had been ordained and had returned to his own see, he applied himself zealously to accomplish what he cherished in his heart, namely the work of enlarging the church and dedicating it to divine worship. But both before and after his ordination Satan opposed him in many things; he sustained many injuries and insults, according to what the apostle said: ‘all who want to live piously in Christ suffer persecution’. He spent the seventh small portion of the altar, which was due to him, and which he took away from his own uses, on work on the church. But since the outlay was small, the building was also being constructed in a small way, until, with God's help and next after God with King David’s assent, offerings were recovered for the uses of the church, extracted from the hands of lay people, both men and women. Thereafter the more that he might have to hand to give, the faster the work went.
Therefore, having begun the foundations of the church, and now having completed the greater part, and having started some houses, and having finished some with a cloister so that now inhabitants might be able to be introduced who might not ask for too much, and who in the meantime might wait with patience, he [Bishop Robert] asked sir Athelwold bishop of Carlisle by letters and by messengers, as well as by the personal intervention of King David, to grant him from the church of St Oswald, of which the bishop himself was head by right of prior, a person with whom he might share his work, and whom he might set up as prior for the canons whom he was arranging to establish in the church of St Andrew. Since it seemed to him more intimate and sweeter to receive a person from that church where he had devoted himself to God and had taken the habit of the religion life, also whence as the first prior he had been sent to the church of Scone; from which, as we have said above, he had been elected and taken as bishop, than to receive a person from elsewhere. But he did not ask for just any person, but for brother Robert, not indeed well known by renown or way of life but only by name, whom those who knew him considered suitable for this work according to what [the Bishop had heard] from his friends and members of his household. Therefore he asked for him and he received him, nor from that church could anything be denied him or should be denied him that he might reasonably request.
The above-mentioned brother Robert by order of the lord bishop dwelt at St Andrew’s for some considerable time, and without any canons, but not without clerks, with the lord bishop providing the necessaries for him and his men. He had no power over the church, nor did he want any, until the Lord would give him what he desired, a community for the service of God. But he did not trust in himself in any way, but putting himself entirely into the hands of God, and submitting himself to His ordinance, he assiduously beseeched God that He would deign to visit and console him, and to grant him to lay a foundation for the religious life such that the building built upon it should be strong and abiding, just as he had decreed in his heart. He did not want in any way to enter into the work of outsiders (which might perhaps have been easy for him), to gather to himself brothers from other and diverse churches, lest different brothers, taking different views, wishing to appear to be a somebody, should not coalesce into unity and thus the fabric of the building should suffer harm before the foundation was laid. If, however, God should send him any persons who were prepared to live in the way in which he himself was minded to live, he would receive them warmly.
Meanwhile with Brother Robert staying there by order of the bishop, as has been said, but with the lord bishop carrying out somewhat sluggishly the business which he had begun, the king came to St Andrew’s, along with his son Earl Henry the king designate to pray, and with them many of the earls and potentates of the land. The next day, having heard mass and having observed the customary hours and made the customary offering, the king coming into the cloister, such as it was then, along with those who had come with him, and once everyone had settled down, he explained to them firstly many things of little importance, then finally the main reason why he had come. He therefore arraigned the bishop since he had not hastened on the work and service of God in establishing the religious life in the church of the blessed Andrew, even though the bishop had declared himself minded to do so, and as King Alexander had decreed. And when after many disputes the lord bishop argued that he was not permitted either to diminish or disperse the property of the bishop, lest perchance what had been conferred on the servants of God by him should be taken away from them by his successor, the king replies saying that from the land called the Boar’s Raik, which was not the bishopric’s, which King Alexander his brother had dedicated to God and to St Andrew for that very purpose, namely that in his (St Andrew’s) church the religious life might be established, he (the bishop) should endow them sufficiently, and both he and his son would confirm [it] and would help towards stocking the land; which they in fact did, and compelled certain others by oath to help. Then the lord bishop, as if of his own free will but in fact under constraint, by the advice and consent of the king and his son and of the other barons who were present, transferred into the hands of brother Robert some portion [or ‘a portion at his (the bishop’s) choice’ AAMD] of the lands of the personae which had come into his (the bishop’s) hands on their deaths, from which the brothers who came there to serve God ought to have been maintained in the meantime. Nor however did he act more sluggishly regarding the work on the church, but he busied himself in every way so that he might complete the work more swiftly. On that day Robert the priest, of pious memory, the uterine brother of the lord Bishop, renouncing the world with heart, voice and deed in order to serve God in the church of the blessed Andrew following the canonical rule of our holy father Augustine, gave himself into the hands of Brother Robert the prior, with his church of Tyningham, with the agreement of the lord bishop, so completely that the canons should have either that church or fifty shillings per year.

From Bower’s Scotichronicon, Book VI, 24
Translated by D.E.R. Watt et al.
In 1122 [1124] Robert prior of Scone was elected to the see on the urging of King Alexander. He [the king] restored in its entirety the land called the Boar’s Chase, which had been taken away from the church of St Andrew, on condition that a religious community was established there, as had been previously arranged by King Alexander [in a ceremony involving] the king’s Arabian steed with its special harness and saddle, covered with a voluminous and precious caparison, along with a shield and silver lance (which now forms the shaft of a cross) – all these things the king in the presence of the magnates of the land had brought up to the altar, and he had the church invested with, and given sasine of, the said liberties and royal customs. David his brother, then an earl, was present there and confirmed this gift.
]]> The inclusion of new parliaments and conventions of estates, committee records, parliamentary minutes and additional material makes the online edition the most comprehensive record of Scottish parliamentary proceedings ever available. All the sources which make up the proceedings of the pre-1707 Scottish parliament are fully cited and an extensive editorial apparatus included, enabling for the first time a proper understanding of the many and varied sources which make up Scotland’s parliamentary record. A parallel translation of the original Latin, French and Scots text into English and the standardisation of place and personal names, where identifiable, enables keyword searches on an infinite number of subjects, with direct links from the modern translation to the original manuscript record.’

All entries can be found at http://www.rps.ac.uk/
]]> Proceeding: summons to parliament
The king to Sir Nicholas de la Hay, greeting. We command you, strictly enjoining you, by the faith which you owe us, to be at our parliament in the town of St Andrews this next Monday in mid-Lent, by all means.
Wemyss, 5 March [1304]
[1309/1]
Letters: by the magnates of Scotland to Philip IV, king of France
To the most Christian and triumphant prince and reverend lord the lord Philip [IV] by the grace of God illustrious king of the French, William, earl of Ross, Malcolm, earl of Lennox, William, [earl of Suther]land, and the communities of the earldoms of Fife, Menteith, Mar, Buchan and Caithness, the heirs of which are in ward, likewise the communities of all the other earldoms of the kingdom of Scotland [except] [D]unbar; Edward de Bruce, lord of Galloway, James the steward of Scotland, Alexander de Argyll, Donald de Islay, John de Menteith, Hugh, the son and heir of the earl [of Ross], Gilbert de Hay, constable of Scotland, Robert de Keith, marischal of Scotland, Thomas Randolph, lord of Nithsdale, James, lord of Douglas, Alexander de Lindsay, Alexander de [Fraser], [William] Wiseman, David de Barclay, Robert Boyd, barons; and also all of Argyll and the Hebrides and the inhabitants of all the kingdom of Scotland recognising the fealty of the lord Robert by the grace of God king of Scotland, all [... ... ....] Your credence having been revealed to us in writing, and having been fully understood [by us], in the full parliament of our lord the king solemnly held not long ago at the city of St Andrews, impressed upon our minds the joyfulness of [your] devot[ion] [... ... ....] For we conclude that your majesty’s mind is devoutly disposed to take on the business of the Holy Land, to prosecute which all followers of the Christian faith justly ought to strive and with humble devotion incline their hearts [... ... ...,] we saw that it was contained [in your letter] that your royal grace considers and calls to mind the treaties between the kingdoms of France and Scotland, made long ago and confirmed; also the losses, harms and injuries which the inhabitants of the kingdom [... ... ...] have suffered in many ways hitherto. The particular and special affection which, in that credence, you say you have towards the person of our lord Robert by the grace of God king [of Scots ... ...] [whom] justice and truth and the grace of the King of Kings has raised up as our prince and leader, cheers our hearts above all else. We therefore noting, with heartfelt feelings, the aforesaid, as we are bound in duty to do [... ... ...] [?commend] your right royal devotion towards the business of the Holy Land, and for the affection which you have towards our lord the king, and we return thanks as best we can to your majesty for restoring the liberties and rights of the kingdom of Scotland, praying to God that ‘by the bowels of mercy of Jesus Christ’ that you may bring to fulfilment the devout purpose which you have conceived in your mind, trough our Lord’s inspiration in relation to the aforesaid, with holy desire, and efficacious eagerness and a safe outcome. May your royal majesty deign to take note, with pious mind, that in the exaltation of Christian princes the name of Christ is extolled and the Catholic faith strengthened. If, therefore, the standing of our lord [the king whom] we say unanimously is [... ... ...], is exalted and the kingdom of Scotland returns to its former free condition, the tempests of war having been quelled and secure peace having been granted, then your royal highness will be able to have as supporters to achieve the end of your desire, the service of God, and to come to your help, not only our lord the king aforesaid, but also the inhabitants of his kingdom as best they are able. And as [evidence of] the aforesaid things [... ...] clearly these letters sealed by our seals were commanded to be sent patent to your highness. Written and given at the city of St Andrews in Scotland 16 March 1308 [1309] and in the third year of our lord King Robert’s [reign].
• [Named Tags and Seals]
• [Tag 1]
• The seal of William, earl of Ross
• William Wiseman; David de Barclay.
• [Tag 2]
• The seal of Malcolm, earl of Lennox.
• [Tag 3 blank]
• [Tag 4]
• The seal of James the steward of Scotland.
• [Tag 5]
• The seals of John de Menteith; Donald and Nigel Campbell, brothers.
• [Tag 6]
• The seal of Gilbert de Hay.
• [Tag 7]
• The seals of Robert de Keith; Edward de Keith.
• [Tag 8]
• The seal of Hugh de Ross.
• [Tag 9 missing]
• [Tag 10]
• The seal of Sir Thomas Randolph.
• The seal of Gillespie MacLauchlan.
• [Tag 11]
• The seal of William de.
• [Tag 12]
• The seal of Alexander Fraser.
• [Tag 13]
• The seal of Thomas Campbell.

[1309/2]
Letters: ‘The Declaration of the Clergy’
To all Christ’s faithful to whose notice the present writing shall come, the bishops, abbots, priors and others of the clergy located in the kingdom of Scotland give greeting in the [name of] the author of salvation. Be it know to all of you that when an occasion of dispute arose between the lord John de Balliol, formerly king of Scotland established de facto by the king of England, and the late lord Robert de Bruce [earl of Carrick] grandfather of the present King Robert, namely which of them was nearer by right of blood to governing over the Scottish people, the faithful people without doubt always held, as it had understood and believed to be true from their ancestors and forefathers, that the said Lord Robert, the grandfather, was the true heir after the death of King Alexander [III] and his granddaughter, [Margaret,] daughter of the king of Norway, and [was] to be given preference before all others for the government of the kingdom. Yet, as the enemy of the human race sowed tares, by the various tricks and stratagems of rivals which would be long to narrate individually, the matter was turned in the opposite direction, by reason of which reversal and deprivation of the royal dignity grave harm has since occurred to the kingdom of Scotland and the inhabitants of the same, as experience of events, the mistress of circumstances often repeated hitherto, has manifestly revealed. Therefore, the common folk and people of the aforesaid kingdom of Scotland, worn out as it is by the stings of many tribulations, seeing that the said John had been captured and incarcerated by the king of England for various reasons, and, because his sins demanded this, had been deprived of people and kingdom, and the kingdom of Scotland had been betrayed and reduced to slavery by him, laid waste by a vast plundering, imbued by the anguish of constant sorrow, made desolate for the default of right governance, exposed to every danger and given to the occupier; and the people despoiled of their goods, tortured by war, made captive, bound and incarcerated, oppressed, overthrown and enslaved by the slaughter of immeasurable innocents and by continual burnings, and near to perpetual ruin unless speedy repair should be brought by divine counsel concerning such a disfigured and desolated kingdom and its governance; by the providence of the King most high under whose authority kings rule and princes govern, unable to bear any longer such numerous, great [and] heavy injuries, more bitter than death, often befalling their affairs and bodies for default of a captain and faithful leader, they agreed on the said Lord Robert, the present king, in whom the rights of his father and grandfather to the aforesaid kingdom still reside and thrive incorrupted in the judgement of the people, by authority of the Lord. And by the knowledge and consent of the same people he was received as king so he might restore the defects of the kingdom and correct things needing to be corrected, and might steer those that lacked guidance. And by their authority the aforesaid king of Scots was solemnly endowed with the kingdom, with whom the faithful people of the kingdom wish to live and die as with he who, by the right of blood and the other cardinal virtues, is fit, [as] aforesaid, to govern, and is worthy of the name of king and the honour of the kingdom, because, by the grace of the Saviour, he has repaired such a damaged and forsaken kingdom by repelling injury with the sword, just as many previous princes and kings of Scots repaired, gained and held the kingdom, formerly often forsaken, by the sword in former times, as is more plainly contained in the magnificent ancient records of the deeds of the Scots, and as the warlike efforts of the Picts against the Britons and the Scots against the Picts, [who were] driven out of the kingdom, with many others [who were] long ago forced to flee, conquered and expelled by the sword, manifestly bear witness. And if anyone, to the contrary, should claim right in the aforesaid kingdom by letters sealed in the past containing the consent of the people and common folk, you should know that all this arose de facto by force and violence which it was not then possible to resist, and amid numerous fears, tortures of bodies [and] various terrors which could well have disturbed the senses and minds of perfect men and destroyed steadfast people. Therefore we, the bishops, abbots, priors and other clergy, knowing the firm truth of the foregoing things from previous assessment, and heartily approving them, have made due fealties to the said lord Robert, our illustrious king of Scotland, and which we recognise and declare by the tenor of the present [letters] will be done to him and his heirs by our successors in the future. And in sign of the testimony and approval of all the aforesaid things, not compelled by force nor induced by deceit or by lapse of error, but by a pure, perpetual and spontaneous wish, we caused our seals to be appended to this writing. Given in the parliament held at St Andrews in Scotland on 17 March in the year of grace 1308 [1309].



[1370/2/40]
Enrolment between the bishop of St Andrews and the burgh of Cupar
And because a great controversy had been moved between the lord [William de Landels], bishop of St Andrews, and his citizens and inhabitants of the city of St Andrews on the one part, and those who called themselves the guild brethren within the burgh of Cupar on the other, because the said persons of Cupar, claiming to be infeft by the king concerning the said guild, were unwilling to permit the men or inhabitants of the said city of St Andrews to hold a market in their town for selling wool, pells and hides and other things which, as they claimed, ought to pertain to their guild alone, the said lord bishop with his said men alleging the contrary; and asking our lord king time and again, and with great insistence, to see that what was right and proper should be done for them, our lord king himself assigned to both the said parties a day on which to compear in the present parliament to receive a decree concerning the said controversy. Wherefore on Saturday, the sixth day of parliament, the said lord bishop compearing with his advocates related that he was unjustly disturbed, harmed and perturbed by the burgesses of Cupar, who called themselves guild brethren, in his possession, which he and his predecessors had, by reason of the church of St Andrews, from a time from beyond memory, for carrying out merchandise through his men, namely of the city of St Andrews, for wool, hides and other such things to be sold in the market square of the burgh of Cupar. And they had influenced on him the aforesaid perturbation, disturbance and harm for a long period, and likewise after the king’s inhibition thereupon made to them duly and legally and publicly proclaimed; and this he confirmed by offering his pledge, by which he asked to be restored to his pristine possession and for amends to be made of the damage and harm having been inflicted on him and his, which damage and harm he assessed at the sum of 1,000 merks. And the burgesses of Cupar compearing there, namely Duncan de Balfour, calling himself an alderman, and three others, all the others being absent, denied [the case] plainly and simply [by claiming] the said lord bishop was not in such possession, but that they [were] from a long time ago. And it was asked of them both if they wished in their and the community’s name to gainsay the said pledge found by the said bishop against them, and they refused to do this, claiming themselves not to have a day or place then for the exhibition of any of their evidence. And thus the court having consulted decreed that the bishop ought to be restored to his possession, reparation to be made to him of the damage and harm which he shall justly be able to prove in the presence of the justiciar. And the justiciar was expressly given commands in that place that, on the day to be assigned to him in the king’s letters to be directed to him, he should make the burgesses of Cupar compear in his presence and make accusation of each of them on the king’s behalf, namely as much of those who were absent as the four previously named persons, assessing the king’s harm for the breaking of his inhibition proclaimed for each person at £100; and that the said four who compeared should immediately be placed under certain pledges and sureties and under certain penalties to compear in his presence at the said day and place to be assigned and to stand to law in that place; and that until then, concerning all these things, satisfaction should be done to the said lord bishop and his men of the wrongful damage and whatsoever harms inflicted upon them, as reason shall demand and the order of law shall dictate.

[1370/2/41]
Judicial proceeding: the presidents of parliament’s judgement in a dispute between St Andrews and Cupar
In the parliament held at Perth on 7 February, the venerable father [William de Landels], the bishop of St Andrews, in his name and [in the name] of the city of St Andrews, and several of the citizens of the city of St Andrews, in their names and [in the names] of the other citizens of the same city, from one party, and Duncan Balfour, who calls himself alderman of Cupar, and three other burgesses of Cupar in Fife, calling themselves brothers of the guild within the said burgh, from the other, compearing in the said parliament, since after a substantial controversy has been moved and continued for a long time between the said parties, concerning the purchase of fleeces, pells and hides and other things which are known to pertain to the guild, within the said burgh of Cupar by the said citizens, our lord king, wishing finally to settle the said controversy, caused the said parties with due solemnity to be assembled and legitimately summoned to his said parliament, in order to have and receive full justice in that parliament concerning and upon the said controversy. The said lord bishop [compeared], accompanied by certain citizens of the city of St Andrews as his assistants, in his name and [the name] of his church, and of them and of the others [mentioned] above, and said that, although he and his predecessors and the said citizens had been and were freely in possession of a kind of right of buying fleeces, hides and pells, and the other things [mentioned above], however great, pertaining to the guild, within the said burgh of Cupar, by the citizens and inhabitants and other subordinate people of the same city, from a time beyond the existence in men’s memories of a different situation, the burgesses of Cupar, notwithstanding that for the part of the said lord our king it had been prohibited for them by public proclamation to in any way presume to disturb or disquiet the aforesaid bishop or the citizens of his city violently in the matter of the aforesaid right except by the way and form of common justice, have presumed to violently and de facto and rashly to disturb and disquiet this bishop and his citizens of his citizens of his said city and their servants and households in his same right of selling fleeces, hides, pells and the other things which [were mentioned] above, to the grave prejudice and harm of him and his church and his citizens. And this he, being in the same place, affirmed by his pledge, and asked that he and his said citizens to be restored [and] returned to the pristine possession of their right, if and in as much as they were rashly and de facto disturbed by the said burgesses of Cupar, and amends is to be made concerning the harm and injury inflicted upon him and his, which harm is assessed at the amount of 1,000 merks sterling, and moreover the same burgesses of Cupar are to have silence imposed on them that they should not presume to trouble him or his said citizens further concerning this otherwise than by the way and form of common justice. The said Duncan Balfour, calling himself alderman as above, and the other three burgesses, his assistants as aforementioned, denied similarly and expressly the pretended possession by the said bishop and citizens of St Andrews, asserting themselves and their fellow burgesses, brothers of the guild of Cupar, to have been and to be the solely and collectively in possession of the right to sell fleeces, pells and hides, and the other things which [were mentioned] above, for a great time past. And when they had been asked on the king’s behalf if the pledge against them was found by the bishop, the said alderman and burgesses would then wish to oppose [him] according to the laws and customs of the realm approved hitherto, [and] they have refused to do this, expressly claiming themselves not to be held for, etc, because they did not have a suitable day or place for showing their evidence to [enable them] to contradict the said pledge being thus found. Which things thus having been done and both parties having withdrawn, and diligent deliberation and negotiation having been had concerning this by the presidents of this parliament in the king’s presence and having been found in writs that the said pledge was not opposed by the said burgesses, the parties were recalled and returned to the presence of the king and of those who were presiding for giving justice in the said parliament. It was decreed by the presidents of the same parliament and adjudged by way of sentence that the bishop of St Andrews and his said citizens in the name which [is stated] above, are to be returned and restored and they returned and restored them in so far as it was in their power to the possession of the said right. And the adverse party was to be held and ought to be held to make satisfaction to them concerning the harm and injury which can be justly proved in the presence of the king’s justiciar at the day and place to be assigned to them by the said justiciar concerning this. And silence was imposed upon the said burgesses of Cupar by the same presidents of the parliament that they would not presume to trouble the said bishop or his said citizens further concerning this other than by the way and in the form of law and according to the laws of the kingdom approved hitherto. And the justiciar then being present and receiving mandate was commanded that at a certain place and day to be assigned to him by the king’s letters he should convoke and convene to that place in the presence of the burgesses of Cupar, whether being absent from the said parliament or the said four who were present in the same place, and that he should accuse each of them on the king’s behalf of violation of the king’s prohibition thus publicly proclaimed, as aforementioned, and of the presumptuous act attempted against his prohibition by them, assessing the harm and disparagement of the king against each of them concerning this at £100 sterling. It was also decreed by the same presidents of the parliament that the same justiciar [should require] certain and secure pledges from the same four burgesses of Cupar then present in the same place for compearing in his presence under certain penalties at the said day and place to be assigned as aforementioned and for standing to law in the same place, and that then the same justiciar should cause the said lord bishop and his men to be satisfied concerning whatsoever damages, injuries and harms inflicted on them as reason should demand and the order of justice should dictate.


[1402/5/1]
Letters: narrating the inquest into the death of David Stewart, duke of Rothesay and the role of Robert Stewart, duke of Albany, and Archibald Douglas, earl of Douglas
Robert, by the grace of God king of Scots, to all to whose notice the present letters shall come, greeting. Whereas recently, our most beloved Robert [Stewart, 1st] duke of Albany, earl of Fife and Menteith, our brother german, and Archibald [Douglas, 4th] earl of Douglas and lord of Galloway, our son according to law by reason of our daughter who he took as wife, caused our very beloved firstborn son the late David [Stewart, 1st] duke of Rothesay and earl of Fife and Atholl, to be captured and personally arrested, and first to be guarded in St Andrews castle and then to be detained in keeping at Falkland, where, by divine providence and not otherwise, it is discerned that he departed from this life; they, compearing in our presence in our general council begun at Edinburgh on 16 May 1402 and continued for several days, and interrogated or accused upon this by our royal office of the capture, arrest, death as is expressed above etc., in this manner, confessing everything that followed thereafter, they set out in our presence the very causes that moved them to this action, which, as they asserted, constrained them [to act] for the public good, which we considered should not be imputed as a crime to the present persons and [are] outside the case; [then] when diligent enquiry had been made into this, when all and singular matters which should be considered in a case of this kind and which touch on this case had been considered and discussed by prior and mature consideration of our council, we consider as excused the aforementioned Robert, our brother german, and Archibald, our son according to the laws, and anyone who took part in this affair with them, that is any who arrested, detained, guarded, gave them advice, and all others who gave them counsel, help or support, or executed their order or command in any way whatsoever, and in our said council we openly and publicly declared, pronounced and determined definitively and by the tenor of this our present document declare, pronounce, and by this definitive sentence judge them and each of them to be innocent, harmless, blameless, quit, free and immune completely in all respects from the charge of lese majesty against us, or any other crime, misdemeanour, wrongdoing, rancour and offence which could be charged against them on the occasion of the aforesaid. And if we have conceived any indignation, anger, rancour or offence against them or any of then, or any person or people participating with or adhering to them in any way, we now annul, remove and wish those things to be considered as nothing in perpetuity, by our own volition, from a certain knowledge, and from the deliberation of our said council. Wherefore we strictly order and command all and singular our subjects, of whatever standing or condition they be, that they do not slander the said Robert and Archibald and their participants, accomplices or adherents in this deed, as aforesaid, by word or action, nor murmur against them in any way whereby their good reputation is hurt or any prejudice is generated, under all penalty which may be applicable hereafter in any way by law. Given under testimony of our great seal in our monastery of Holyrood at Edinburgh on 20 May 1402 in the thirteenth year of our reign.

Legislation
[1431/10/2]
On which day, the twentieth day of the beforesaid month, for the resistance of the king's rebels in the north land and the costage to be made thereupon, it is fully consented by the three estates, ordained and concluded, that there be lifted and raised a contribution, that is to say in all lands of the realm where the yield of two pennies was raised, there now be ten pennies raised. And where the two pennies was not raised there now be raised twelve pennies of each pound. And that this contribution be taken through all the realm from all mails of lands and rents of holy kirk, as from temporal lord. No goods of lords or burgess excepted save the extent of the mails of the lords' own demesnes held in their own hands, mails of burgess houses held within burghs inhabited by themselves, and with their own goods from which they take no mail, ridden horses and drawn oxen only excepted, from which no yield shall be raised. Moreover this contribution shall be taxed and raised with all speed possible, brought and delivered to the auditors of it, that is to say [John Hailes] abbot of Balmerino, [Walter Bower] abbot of Inchcolm, Sir John Scrimgeour, [and] John of Fife of Aberdeen, who shall begin their accounts on the next morning after the feast of the Purification of Our Lady [2 February] next to come at Perth, if the pestilence is not there, and at St Andrews if it is there. Which auditors shall put this contribution in a chest of four keys, of which keys each one of them shall have one. And that chest to remain in the castle of St Andrews under the keeping of [Henry Wardlaw] bishop [of St Andrews], and [James Haldenstone] prior [of St Andrews]. And in the case that peace is made in the meantime, this contribution shall remain under the same keeping in deposit for the common profit and use. Which done, the king commanded parliament to be continued to Monday 22 of the foresaid month.

[1431/10/6]
Letters: letter under the great seal narrating proceedings concerning a dispute between the city of St Andrews and the burgh of Cupar
James, by the grace of God king of Scots, to all his good men to whom these present letters shall come, greeting. Know that in the month of October and on the sixth day of our parliament held at the burgh of Perth in the year written below [1431] in the presence of the deputies of the said parliament chosen and put in place for the determination and decision of causes and complaints, namely the venerable fathers and circumspect noblemen John [Bulloch] bishop of Ross, William [de Blair] abbot of Coupar Angus, Mr John MacGillhauch, provost of Lincluden, Nicholas de Atholl, doctor of decreets, precentor of Dunkeld, Walter de Haliburton, lord of Dirleton, Thomas de Somerville, lord of that Ilk, Herbert de Maxwell, lord of Caerlaverock, Robert de Lauder of Edrington, barons, William de Liberton, provost of the burgh of Edinburgh, John de Haddington, William de Blair and Thomas de Chalmers, burgesses, in the judicial investigation of the city of St Andrews and the burgh of Cupar, the commissioners, as formerly [summoned] by letters of summons from our chapel to compear in the said parliament, compeared with sufficient commissions for producing and showing all their rights and oaths, letters, writings, charters and evidences which either side were intending to use concerning the lawsuits, disagreements, debates and controversies pending and appearing upon the freedoms and boundaries of the city of St Andrews and the citizens of the same on the one part, and the burgh of Cupar and the burgesses of the same on the other part. The aforesaid parties, therefore, being personally present before the said deputies, and their commissions from both the aforesaid parties being displayed and read, the aforesaid commissioners of St Andrews proposed against the aforesaid commission pertaining to the commissioners of the burgh of Cupar [and] for it to be removed, because that commission, for certain causes and reasons alleged and imputed there, was insufficient and not to be admitted, but was entirely to be rejected. Which same commission the said deputies, after mature examination and deliberation, condemned as invalid and insufficient, and they considered and decreed it to be of no vigour, as a result of which the aforementioned commissioners of St Andrews begged the said commissioners of the burgh of Cupar to be condemned in their expenses. And thus, the cause having been continued to the following Monday in the state that it then was, the said commissioners of the burgh of St Andrews and the aforementioned [commissioners] of the burgh of Cupar compeared on that Monday in the presence of the deputies with sufficient commissions on both parts, and which were reputed and accepted as sufficient by the said deputies. And then immediately the oft-mentioned commissioners of the city of St Andrews produced many and diverse charters, evidences, letters, judgements, acts and other muniments of kings concerning the freedoms and boundaries of the said city, and all of the same being made and granted in judgement, and the aforementioned commissioners of the burgh of Cupar exhibited just one charter concerning their freedoms and boundaries for considering and exhibiting; and so the cause was continued until the ninth day of parliament. On which day, although as a result of certain causes moving us to stay proceedings in the said cause, we gave mandate to the said deputies [to do so], nevertheless on the following day, having more maturely and prudently deliberated and been advised, both by voice and also by a writing in our own hand on the back of a schedule of complaint exhibited to us by those commissioners of the city of St Andrews in full parliament, we gave mandate and gave our express precept to the said deputies to proceed further in the said cause. And afterwards on the tenth day of parliament, the oft-mentioned commissioners of the city of St Andrews compearing in court, the said commissioners of the burgh of Cupar, although they were newly summoned to compear then and having been legitimately called at present when they have compeared, entirely absented themselves. Which done, the aforementioned commissioners of the city of St Andrews, notwithstanding the absence of the said commissioners of the burgh of Cupar, begged urgently that the said deputies would proceed to a decision, determination and final decreet in the said cause according to the proofs and rights produced on both sides. And then the the lords deputies, after long and mature deliberations and the inspection and diligent examination of the rights produced on both sides, decreed, revealed and determined that the citizens of the city of St Andrews ought to remain with their ancient possessions, freedoms and boundaries according to the tenors of their charters and evidences, and accordingly as those charters and evidences concerning the said possessions, freedoms and boundaries from the gifts, foundations and infeftments of kings granted and made in past times more plainly contain, carry and bear witness. Given under the testimony of our great seal at the burgh of Perth on 27 October AD 1431 and the twenty-sixth year of our reign.

[1432/10/1]
Letters: great seal letter narrating the settlement of boundary disputes between the city of St Andrews and the burghs of Cupar and Crail
James, by the grace of God king of Scots, to all his good men to whom these present letters shall come, greeting. Know that since a complaint of controversy and lawsuit was turned concerning the limits, borders and extents of the boundaries and freedoms between the citizens of the city of St Andrews on the one part and the burgesses of the burgh of Cupar on the other part, and had been pending undetermined and undecided for a long time before us and various people of our parliament, at length, in our parliament held at Perth on 10 October in the year written below [1432], in the presence of the deputies chosen by the said parliament for the determination and decision of causes and lawsuits (namely the venerable fathers in Christ John [de Hailes] abbot of Balmerino and Walter [Bower] abbot of Inchcolm, Mr John Scheves, doctor of decreets, official of St Andrews, Mr John MacGillhauch, provost of Lincluden collegiate church, Walter Haliburton of Dirleton, Robert Graham, Alexander Graham, John de St Michael, John de Lumsden, William de Liberton provost of the burgh of Edinburgh, Patrick Charters, provost of the burgh of Perth, and Thomas Chalmers, burgess of Aberdeen), the commissioners of the city of St Andrews compeared on the one part (namely William de Kinnaird and Thomas Arthurson with their advocates, namely Mr John de Scheves (which Mr John, because he was made partial in this cause, removed and subtracted himself from the said deputies) and John de Carmichael) and the commissioners of the burgh of Cupar on the other part (namely David de Balfour, Edward Yellowley, John de Jardine and Richard de Stricklaw) with their sufficient commissions thereupon admitted as approved by the said deputies, because the commissioners of the city of St Andrews, standing in the presence of the deputies, produced various charters of the kingdom concerning the ancient infeftment of the said city in certain limits, divisions, boundaries and freedoms contained in them, upon which formerly a matter of a complaint of controversy of this sort had been examined, considered, digested and fully determined, as was given and made clear by various acts of our said parliaments produced in the presence of the said deputies, which very acts, judgement and understanding of the said deputies were justly introduced and lawfully done, and therefore the limits, divisions, extents, bounds and freedoms of this sort ought to be kept according to the tenors of the said charters and acts of our parliaments made thereafter, furthermore, these limits, divisions, extents, bounds and freedoms are excepted in a new charter of infeftment made and granted by us to the said burgh of Cupar, wherefore it is put to the said deputies that the burgesses of Cupar ought to have silence imposed upon them concerning the foregoing, that they should not cause impediment henceforth to the citizens of the city of St Andrews, God forbid, either in the burgh of Cupar or elsewhere, from buying and selling and enjoying their freedoms in so far as the limits and bounds contained in their charters extend, maintain and purport, and that the burgesses of Cupar shall not proclaim, nor cause to be proclaimed, those who travel to the market of the city of St Andrews to buy and sell any goods in the same place in so far as the limits or bounds of the said city extend, maintain and purport. In addition, in so far as the controversies and complaints moved between the citizens of the said city of StAndrews, on the one part, and the burgesses of the burgh of Crail, on the other part, concerning their limits, extents, bounds and freedoms, the commissioners of the citizens of St Andrews written above compeared in the presence of the said deputies with their sufficient commission, and on the part of the burgh of Crail the commissioners written below compeared (namely Thomas Atkinson, John de Cramond and Alan de Spens), also having sufficient commission. And these commissioners of the city of St Andrews produced and showed their charters of all their aforesaid infeftments with certain bounds and freedoms, with the commissioners of the burgh of Crail also producing and showing their charter of King Robert [I] Bruce, with certain bounds and freedoms. And their liberties of this sort on both sides seen and examined, the said deputies [judged] that the citizens of the city of St Andrews ought to enjoy and possess their freedoms of buying and selling through the whole bounds contained in their charter, with all other liberties in which they are infeft within their bounds, and that nobody of the burgh of Crail shall influence those who use the market of the city of St Andrews or cause them to be disturbed in so far as the bounds of the aforesaid city extend; dismissing the freedom of indictment from the burgesses of the burgh of Crail for indicting all others within their bounds of Crail. Given under the testimony of our great seal at Perth, 10 October 1432 and the twenty-seventh year of our reign.



[1473/7/36]
Judicial Proceedings
In the action and cause pursued by Master John Armorar, on the one part, against John of Learmonth, Robin Arthur and John of Carstairs, aldermen and bailies of St Andrews, on the other part, concerning the inordinate proceeding in the serving of a brieve of inquest purchased by Alison Crannoch as heir to the late Master Thomas Logie, her brother, regarding certain land and annuals lying in the city of St Andrews, and also against the persons who passed on the serving of the said brieve for their mistake and wrongful retouring of the same because they found the said Alison heir to the said Master Thomas, her brother, and not the said Master John, both the said parties being present themselves and through their procurators, and their reasons and allegations heard and understood, the lords auditors decree and deliver that the said alderman and bailies have not failed in the process or order of the serving of the said brieve, nor have the persons who passed on the serving of the same brieve erred or given a wrongful deliverance or retour thereupon.

[1474/5/13]
Judicial Proceedings
13 May
The lords auditors decree and deliver that John Jackson shall withdraw from and clear a tenement of land lying within the city of St Andrews on the east part of the tenement of George Akeman, to John of Carmichael, patron of the altar of St Michael, founded in the church of St Andrews, and to Sir Thomas Rait, chaplain of the same, that they may decide thereupon for the utility and profit of the said altar, and that the said John Jackson shall not administer it in the future, and ordain letters to be written hereupon, and both parties were present.

[1479/3/30]
Judicial Proceedings
After noon
In the action and cause pursued by Christian of Balfour, the spouse of the late William Bonar, against James Bonar, their son, regarding the wrongful withholding of a tenement and land lying within the city of St Andrews claimed by the said Christian to pertain to her through joint infeftment, both the said parties being present in person and through their procurators, and their rights, reasons, writs and allegations heard, seen and understood at length, the lords auditors decree and deliver that for all that they have seen as yet, the said Christian has a right to the said land and tenement and the right to enjoy and use the same according to the form of her joint infeftment shown and produced before the said lords, and ordain letters to be written to keep and maintain her in this.

[1482/12/47]
Judicial Proceedings
The same day [12 December] in the afternoon
In the action and cause pursued by John Walsh, citizen of St Andrews, against James of Lumsden for the wrongful withholding from him of an annual of 12 merks of the usual money owed to him for the lands of Burnturk for the past 19 years, as was alleged, and appointed by the decreets of the lords of council and of parliament, with the consent of both parties, that the said James should compear in person and testify and give his oath on the yearly payment of the said annual to the said John for the said 19 years according to the form of the said decreets, the said John being present through his procurators, and the said James often called but not compearing to testify and give his oath on the yearly payment of the said annual for the said 19 years as he was ordained [to do] by the said decreets given with his own consent, the lords auditors decree and deliver that the said James shall satisfy and pay the said John Walsh the said 19 years' annual totalling 12 merks yearly, in default of his not compearing to testify and give his oath as is said, and ordain letters to be written to distrenzie him of his lands and goods for that.


[1483/3/68]
Judicial Proceedings
In the action and cause pursued by John Walsh, citizen of St Andrews, on the one part, against John Oliphant of Kellie and Thomas Oliphant, his brother, for the spoliation and removal of a half chalder of wheat, one chalder of barley and 40 [...] of oats, from the teinds of the church of Kilrenny pertaining to the said John through tack from the abbot of Dryburgh, as is alleged, the said John Oliphant and Thomas, his brother, being lawfully and peremptorily summoned and often called but not compearing, the said John being present through his procurators, his reasons, allegations, proof and witnesses' [depositions] taken in the said matter seen, heard and understood, the lords auditors decree and deliver that the said John Oliphant and Thomas, his brother, shall restore and return to the said John Walsh 5 bolls and 2 firlots of wheat, 14 bolls of barley, and 30 bolls of oats spulzied and taken by them from the said teinds as was clearly proven before the lords, and ordain that letters be written to distrenzie them of their lands and goods for this.

[1483/3/136]
Judicial Proceedings
In the action and cause pursued by Robert Maitland of Queensberry, on the one part, against William of Douglas of Drumlanrig, on the other part, regarding the wrongful occupation of the lands of Tibbers claimed by the said Robert to be his lands and the ward of them given to him by [William Scheves], archbishop of St Andrews, tutor to the laird of Lethington, and similarly claimed by the said William to be given to him by the aforesaid archbishop through ward by the death of the late James of Douglas and as his lands, both the said parties being present and their evidence, reasons and allegations heard and understood, the lords of council decree and deliver that the said William of Douglas shall withdraw from and clear the said lands in favour of the said Robert to be used by him according to the form of the gift of the said archbishop, because the said late James had only the freehold of the said lands [at] the time of his death, and the fee of the same given from him, as was shown before the lords.

[1483/3/159]
Judicial Proceedings
The lords auditors decree and deliver that William Laing [... to] Thomas Jackson', citizen of St Andrews, the sum of [...] by him to the said Thomas of the rest of a greater sum for certain silks and other merchandise, just as he is bound by his obligation shown and produced before the said lords, and ordain that letters be written to distrenzie him of his lands and goods for the said sum, and the said Thomas Jackson has admitted in the presence of the lords to defer the execution of this decreet until Whitsunday [18 May].

[1488/10/73]
Judicial proceedings: acts of the lords auditors of causes and complaints
14 October
In the presence of the lords the alderman of St Andrews and Andrew Kidd compeared as procurators for the community of St Andrews and protested that what had been done in the matter between them and the archdeacon of St Andrews at that time should not prejudice them regarding the lands of Pilmuir.

[1488/10/82]
Judicial Proceedings
In the action and cause pursued by Master Alexander Inglis, archdeacon of St Andrews, on the one part, against William Wauch, provost of St Andrews, Andrew Kidd, Robert Arthur and Thomas Black, bailies of the said city, council and community of the same, on the other part, for the forceful ploughing up, manuring and sowing of a part of his lands of Strathtyrum and the common of the same, and making of dykes there, pertaining to him and his said archdeaconry, and for the damage and injuries sustained by him through it, both the said parties being present themselves and [through] their procurators, their rights, reasons, proof and witnesses taken in the said matter seen, heard and understood at length, the lords auditors decree and deliver that the said William [and the aforesaid] council, community and persons have done wrong in the manuring, cultivating and sowing of the said lands and common of Pilmuir, and making of the said dykes, and that the corn sown on the same pertains to the said archdeacon, and ordain them to desist and cease from it in the future, and that our sovereign lord's letters necessarily be directed for this, and that they shall content and pay the said archdeacon [for] the said corns, damage and injuries that he can prove he sustained through this, for the production of which [proof] the lords appoint 8 January next, with continuation of days, for him and ordain him to have letters to summon his witnesses, and both parties are summoned themselves and their procurators according to the act.
And further, the lords auditors have ordained at the request of the said archdeacon of St Andrews that the testimonials taken between him and the citizens of St Andrews regarding the lands of Strathtyrum and the common between them called Pilmuir be published and their depositions [are] to be given in authenticated form, which follow:
William [Scheves], archbishop of St Andrews testifies and says that he understands that in the past there was contention between the prior of St Andrews at the time and the archdeacon concerning these lands, and that it was finally decided by the then bishop of St Andrews that the archdeacon should have all the land from the brae of Strathtyrum to the sea, keeping the common pasture of it in Pilmuir for the citizens of St Andrews, and [he] also testifies that the said citizens have manured a part of the said lands and sown the same and made dykes on it, which was never done before, as he understands, but was always a common for the said archdeacon and citizens, and [he] says that he believes the archdeacon is wronged in that but he does not know the value of it.
Master David Meldrum, official of St Andrews, testifies that the citizens of St Andrews have ploughed and broken the earth, made dykes and animal enclosures within the said lands of Pilmuir, where none were previously made as he believes, and that the said lands were used and held as common for the archdeacon and citizens and that there was a common road where the said enclosures are made, the quantity and value of what they have ploughed he does not know, and he believes the archdeacon to be injured by this.
Master Robert Keith agrees with the official.
Master Hugh Spens agrees with the official.
Master John Liston, provost of St Salvator's College, agrees with the official.
John Scheves testifies that the citizens of St Andrews have ploughed and broken the earth, made dykes and animal enclosures within the said lands of Pilmuir, where none was previously made, as he believes, and that the said lands were used and held as common for the archdeacon and citizens and that there was a common road where the said enclosures are made, the quantity and value of what they have ploughed he does not know, and he believes the archdeacon to be injured by this.
Master Walter Drummond, rector of St Andrews, agrees with John Scheves.

[1489/1/39]
Judicial Proceedings
Master John Liston, provost of St Salvator's College at St Andrews, compeared before the lords auditors and protested that what was done in the matter between the lady of Balcolmie and the said provost and canons of the said college, because the said canons were not called for their interest in the said matter

[1491/4/59]
Judicial Proceedings
The action of proof appointed for David Balfour of Cariston to prove sufficiently that Isobel Lauder, lady of Balcolmie, would not give him sufficient power and procuratory to institute legal proceedings against [John Liston], provost, and the canons of St Salvator's College, beside the city of St Andrews, for the recovery by law of an annual of 20 merks, as is contained in the decreets and acts previously passed for that, is continued by the lords auditors until 18 May current, with continuation of days, in the same form and effect as it is now without prejudice of party. And because Alexander Spens, younger, [and] William Ramsay were summoned to have compeared and born loyal witness in this matter under the pain of imprisonment but would not compear, just as they were charged [to do], therefore they [are to] be charged to compear on the said day under the pain of rebellion, and both parties are summoned according to the act.

[1491/4/62]
Judicial Proceedings
13 May
The action and cause pursued by Elizabeth Lauder, lady of Balcomie, against Andrew Kidd, George Kenlochquhy [and] Robert Congalton, citizens of St Andrews, James Beinstoun, John Gourlay in Lamboletham, Master John Liston, provost of the church of St Salvator's College within the city of St Andrews, and canons of the same, and also against Sir James Goodlad, chaplain, that is to say, against the said Andrew, George, Robert, James and John for the wrongful spoliation, removal and withholding from her of 5 oxen, each price 30s, 3 cows, each priced 2 merks, a horse, priced 4 merks, from the said lands of Balcomie, pertaining to the said Isobel and taken by the said persons at the command of the said provost and canons for a certain annual claimed by them from the said lands, as was alleged, and the said provost, and canons and aforesaid chaplain for their interest, as is contained at greater length in the two summons made for that, is continued by the lords of council until 3 October next, with continuation of days, in the same form and effect as it is now, without prejudice of party. And because the said provost, canons and aforesaid chaplain allege that the heir of the late Alexander Leslie should warrant them the said annual, the lords auditors therefore ordain them to have letters to call their warrant on the said day, and all the parties are summoned themselves and their procurators according to the act.

[1491/4/103]
Judicial Proceedings
The action of proof appointed for David Balfour of Cariston to prove sufficiently that Isobel Lauder, lady of Balcomie, would not give him sufficient power and procuratory to institute legal proceedings against [John Liston], provost, and the canons of St Salvator's College, beside the city of St Andrews, for the recovery, by law, of an annual of 20 merks, as is contained in the act and decreets previously passed for that, is continued by the lords auditors with the consent of party until 15 June next, with continuation of days, in the same form and effect as it is now without prejudice of party, and that the said laird of Carraldston has promised to produce such proof as he will use in the said matter without any longer delay or exception dilator, notwithstanding any general proclamation to be made in the meantime, and ordain him to have letters to summon his witnesses in the third form and the parties are summoned according to the act.

[1492/2/31]
Judicial Proceedings
David Arnott, as procurator for Andrew Inglis, son of John Inglis, compeared before the lords auditors and protested that because the provost, canons and chaplains of St Salvator's College and their tenants caused him to be summoned to their suit and would not compear to pursue them, that therefore, etc

[1492/2/51]
Judicial Proceedings
Robert Dolas compeared before the lords auditors and protested that because John Dolas, citizen of St Andrews, caused him to be summoned to his suit for certain actions, as is contained in the summons, and would not compear to pursue him, that therefore etc.

[1492/2/62]
Judicial proceedings
18 February
In the presence of [John Hepburn, prior of St Andrews], my lord privy seal, and [Richard Muirhead], dean of Glasgow, [John Liston], provost of St Salvator's College beside St Andrews, for himself and for the canons of the said college, constituted and made Master David Harvey and John Halkerston, jointly and separately, their procurators in the actions moved between the said provost and canons, on the one part, and Isobel Lauder, lady of Balcolmie, [...] Leslie, her son, and David Balfour of Cariston touching 20 merks of annual of the lands of Balcolmie etc.

[1493/5/14]
Judicial Proceedings
Sir Thomas Morton, procurator for Isobel Barr, the widow of the late John of Barr, and James of Balcomie, now her spouse, and William Barr, her son, compeared before the lords auditors and protested that because Henry Balfour, citizen of St Andrews, caused them to be summoned to his suit for certain sums of money and a term of proof [was] appointed for him for that but [he] would not compear to pursue them or produce his said proof as he had taken it upon him [to do], he being often called for that, therefore he should not be heard in judgement against them in the said matter until he reimburses and pays their costs and expenses and they are summoned anew.

[1494/11/60]
Judicial Proceedings
In the presence of the lords auditors John [Hepburn], prior of St Andrews protested that despite [the fact that] he answered for the relieving of William [Knollis], lord of St John of the sum of 400 merks at the hands of the laird of Corstorphine, that it should not prejudice him in the future as is he is a spiritual man.

[1546/7/35]
Legislation: tax to finance the siege of St Andrews Castle
On the which day, in presence of [James Hamilton, earl of Arran], my lord governor, in the face of parliament, all the prelates and clergy being present and required by [George Gordon, earl of Huntly], my lord chancellor, in the name of my lord governor, for support in case it was thought expedient by the council and committers of the slaughter of [David Beaton], my lord cardinal [and archbishop of St Andrews] be forfeited and the castle of St Andrews should be besieged, consented to the tax of £3,000 monthly for the space of four months, and a further £3,000 monthly so long as my lord governor shall happen to remain at the said siege, if the siege lasts that long, and that the sum of £6,000 for the first two months be raised in this manner: all the prelates and kirkmen present in this town shall pay the two parts of their tax proportionally to the said sum of £6,000 in hand for payment of the footmen, and the rest of the prelates and kirkmen not present shall pay one half of their tax between now and St Giles Day [1 September] next to come, and the other half between then and 24 September next thereafter, and the payment of the third month to begin on 24 October, and payment of the fourth month to begin on 24 November, and so forth monthly as said is at the 24th day of each month during the space foresaid, so that the said money may be well ready in time for the furnishing of the said siege and ordering of such business as shall be found necessary thereto by my lord governor and lords of council.



[1546/7/43]
Legislation: private act
On the which day the lords of the three estates of the realm sitting in plain parliament, understanding perfectly that James Hamilton, [master of Hamilton], eldest lawful son to [James Hamilton, earl of Arran], my lord governor and third person of the realm, is held in the castle of St Andrews by those that committed the cruel and treasonable slaughter of the late David [Beaton], archbishop of St Andrews, cardinal etc. and chancellor of Scotland, who are called by summons of treason for certain points contained in the same and to be forfeited in this present parliament, and will, in no way, let the said James, son to my lord governor, to liberty and freedom, and it is uncertain how they will dispose of him and whether they will let him to liberty or not; and because my said lord governor, preferring the honour and honesty of this realm to all particular affection of his son, is of mind to proceed and to do justice upon the committers of the said cruel and treasonable slaughter and other points contained in the said summons, and that his grace be not destitute of good consolation, discerns and ordains his second son, and failing him any other of his sons lawfully gotten or to be gotten of his body, which failing my lord governor's nearest and lawful male or female heir or heirs whatsoever, to have right and to succeed to all heritages, rights, as well of the crown, if any shall happen to fall, and discerns his said eldest son to have no right thereto but to be secluded therefrom so long as he happens to be in the hands of the said persons and in the hands of any enemies of this realm and until he and they that shall lawfully come of him be put to free liberty to pass and ride within this realm at their own free will and pleasure, providing always that the said James, eldest son to my said lord governor, and they that shall lawfully come of him being put to liberty as said is, they shall have free regress and ingress in and to all rights of succession as well of the crown as of others, likewise as the said James might have if he was now at freedom and liberty.

]]> Scotichronicon]]> Scotichronicon]]> Scotichronicon is a chronicle written by Walter Bower, abbot of Inchcolm, in the 1440s. It traces the history of Scotland from its origins, and is a major source for the study of medieval Scotland. All sixteen books were edited from the surviving manuscripts and translated into English from Latin between 1989 and 1998. References to St Andrews have been extracted from these volumes.]]> http://library.st-andrews.ac.uk/search/Y?search=scotichronicon]]> Volume 1, Book II
Ch. 58, p. 311: The translation of the relics of St Andrew etc.
About the same time [the year 360] the emperor Constantius the son of Constantine the Great in the twentieth year of his reign, motivated by enthusiasm for the Christian religion and inspired by a special devotion which he had conceived long before in his heart for the blessed apostle Andrew, longed to do something gas final proof of his devotion. He went to the city of Patras in the district of Achaia where the apostle was martyred and buried, and from there he stealthily removed by main force the saint’s relics, translated them to Constantinople on 9 May and amid great rejoicing and to the accompaniment of hymns and chants placed them in golden and silver reliquaries with great honour.
Achaia is one of the seven provinces of Greece, and almost an island, for it is surrounded by sea on all sides except for the north side, where it adjoins Macedonia.
Therefore when Christ had entrusted the world to his apostles and disciples to be steeped in the catholic faith by their preaching, he allotted to Andrew the area around the Caspian sea, Scythia, Macedonia and Achaia, and also, as some would have it, Scotland. Since, as was previously described, the Picts derived their origins from Scythia, Andrew wished even after his death to convert those whom he was not able to convert while he was alive. This Andrew was the apostle of the Lord, the brother of Simon Peter, older than Peter by birth and first to be called, but second in rank or at least third, Galilean by nationality, born in the city of Bethsaida, gentlest of all the disciples. He excelled almost everyone in justice, piety and sanctity. He was dark-complexioned, handsome of appearance, of medium height, with a luxuriant beard. The translation of certain of his bones from Patras to Scotland was as follows.
It happened that by divine will on the third night before the emperor entered the city, the angel of the Lord appeared to a certain holy, God-fearing man, an abbot Regulus by name, the guardian of the relics, saying: ‘Take with you suitable brethren and proceed to the sarcophagus, in which the bones of Andrew were deposited. You will take from there three fingers of the right hand and the arm-bone that hangs down from the shoulder, one tooth and a kneecap. Guard them carefully in a place which I shall show you, until I return.’ He quickly summoned the chosen brethren, and carried off all the bones, just as he had been ordered to. He hid them in a very secret place indicated by the angel. So the emperor came two days later with quick-marching legions, and captured the city, emptying it of all its wealth. He received the reliquary in which the relics were stored, and ordered it to be taken back to Constantinople with suitable reverence, while he escorted it with the army.

Ch. 59, p. 313: The angel instructed Regulus to take the relics and go to the west-north-west regions of the world.
Finally after several years had passed by, the celestial angel again came back to abbot Regulus, and with an intimidating look on his face gave him the following command in the name of Almighty God and in these words: ‘Take up again’, he said, ‘the relics of blessed Andrew beloved of God, which you recently preserved on my instructions. And take with you a praiseworthy escort of saints, and lose no time in going to the western regions under the west-north-west at the world’s end; and wheresoever the ship that carries you by will of God runs the risk of shipwreck, but with you and your companions remaining unharmed, know that there the course of your hardship, or at least of your prolonged voyage, has reached its successful conclusion. Moreover guard against being negligent or forgetful of this kind of instruction, namely that in that place you should firmly lay the foundations of a church to the honour of the divine name and the glory of his saint and apostle of everlasting veneration, because it will come to pass that, just as the east was for a long time adorned by the sound of his preaching while he was alive, as you are aware, so know truly that the whole of the west will also be adorned forever with the miracles worked by his relics. For since that place has been chosen by God, it will be an apostolic see for ever and a firm rock of the faith, and rightly so because of his brother blessed Peter to whom the Lord said: “You are Peter” etc. So the kingdom in which it is situated will be a steady, strong anchor, and it will be famous for its devotion to the apostle to all the faithful, especially the kings and other powers in the land, from whose estates and endowments it will be abundantly enriched. Therefore crowds of the faithful frequently coming there from abroad from the opposite ends of the world to receive bodily and spiritual health will miraculously receive what they have requested, and will return joyfully to their homes, praising God, who is always glorious in his saints, in his apostle with exultant voices.’ And with these words the angel disappeared from the his sight, and blessed Regulus addressed himself to carrying out his instructions. So wishing to obey the divine commands, he summoned to his side wise and religious men of preeminent learning and character, each of whom had been forewarned by angelic exhortation to take part in his pilgrimage and his merit. He carried the sacred relics with him to the ship, and put to sea, prepared to reach the regions of the west-north-west. The following are the sacred names of the company of saints: St Regulus, abbot, St Damian, priest, Gelasius and Chubaculus, deacons, Merniacus the brother of St Damian, Nerius and Elrisenius from Crete, Mirenus, Machabeus and Silvius his brother. There were eight hermits namely Felix, Sajanus, Matheus, Mauricius, Madianus, Philip, Luke and Eugenius and three virgin saints from Colosia namely Triduana, Potencia and Emerea.

Ch. 60, p. 315: Blessed Regulus first reached Scotland with the relics after shipwreck
Those very saintly men together with the virgins went on board a ship laden with all necessary supplies, and sailed around the shores of Europe by way of the Mediterranean Sea until they came, worn out by many hardships, to the islands situated in the Ocean beneath the setting sun. And when they had been wandering for the space of almost two years over unknown seas, as the breeze chanced to take them, not knowing what was their goal, suddenly a fierce wind from the east rushed into their sails with unusual force. Under its violent impulse their boat was driven onto the kingdom of the Picts amid the rocks of the island of Albion, just as the angel had foretold, and was smashed to pieces. Given strength however by God, blessed Regulus reached land unharmed with his companions on 28 September in great joy, with the sign of the Lord’s cross going on before. And there in a grove of pigs, which is called ‘Mucross’ in the native language, he later dedicated a church to the glory of the apostle. In this place there occurred many astounding miracles from touching the relics, such as had not been seen or heard of,, since the adoption of the faith in these islands up to that time. For sight was given to those who were blind from birth, speech to the bumb, walking to the lame, and on all who piously sought the apostle’s support, no matter with what infirmity they were afflicted, healing was immediately bestowed through the compassion of God. After frequent miracles of this kind occurred daily, people came from all the nations bearing gifts, clapping their hands, and as suppliants raising endless hymns of praise to God for such a patron.
For this reason the following lines are found to have been written in olden times at Rymont:
Here that bay of the sea was a barren shore,
Which now surpasses the richest places of the world in fertility.
Here a region previously bare is now green.
It was poor before and is now rich.
Long ago it was vile and is now beautiful.
Hither therefore come men who are lords of remote castles to pray,
A motley throng setting out from their native land.
The boastful Frank, the war-loving Norman,
The Flemish weaver and rough Teuton,
English, German, Dutch, the man from Poitou with no knowledge of wool
And the bloodthirsty man from Anjou
Those who drink the waters of the Rhine and Rhone and the powerful Tiber
Come here to lay their pryers before Andrew.
We too, provided we have a name among such great people,
Come here carried along on a prosperous wheel.

At that time, Hurgust son of Fergoso king of that region was delighted with the sanctity of the pace, and built his own palace there beside the church, and granted certain lands to blessed Regulus and his brethren for sowing corn, to be cultivated as alms forever. Later kings followed his example, as the warmth of their devotion dictated, and their property increased, although modestly until King Hungus, who ruled over the Picts after 800, handed over a tenth part of his kingdom to blessed Andrew, in return for the miraculous aid afforded him in his expedition against the Saxons as will appear below in Book 4, Chapter 13 and following. The blessed men founded a little cell in the form of a monastery, and appointed guardians of the relics. The blessed men went out preaching through the countryside, not on horseback but, just as long ago the apostles went, two by two to sow the word of God everywhere among the heathen, miraculously performing innumerable miracles. When therefore they had imbued these people with the faith, inspired by heavenly teaching, and confirmed their faith with various miracles, the most blessed Abbot regulus died full of days and at a great age at Kilrymont (the name having been changed from Mucross by the king) thirty-two years after he had come shipwrecked to the island of Albion, during which he engaged in the work of the Gospel and wonderfully pleased God.

Volume 2, Book IV
Ch. 11, p. 299: The list of the kings of the Picts
The first of their kings was Cruithne son of Judge Kynne who founded the monarchy in the kingdom of the Picts and reigned for fifty years. The second after him was Ghede, the third was Tarain. To these two are ascribed two hundred and fifty years, as was mentioned above. Duchil succeeded King Tarain and reigned for forty years. He was succeeded by Dinorthesi who reigned for twenty years. Duordeghel succeeded him and reigned for twenty years. He was succeeded by Decokheth who reigned for sixty years. Combust came next and reigned for twenty years. Caranatherech succeeded him and reigned for forty years. Garnarthbolg succeeded him and reigned for nine years. Wypopneth succeeded him and reigned for thirty years. He was succeeded by Blarehassereth who reigned for seventeen years. Frachna Albus succeeded him and reigned for thirty years. Thalarg Amfrud succeeded him and reigned for sixteen years. He was succeeded by Canatalmel who reigned for six years. He was succeeded by Dongarnethles who reigned for one year. Feredath Finyel succeeded him and reigned for two years. Garnard-dives succeeded him and reigned for sixty years. He was succeeded by Hurgust son of Forgoso. During his reign, as was mentioned in Book II, Chapter 59 and following, certain relics of St Andrew were brought by blessed Regulus to Scotland and were reverently deposited in Kilrymont…

Ch. 24, p. 341: More about Constantine and the savage battle of Brunanburh
Unlucky was that day for the Scots for all the dominions acquired in the time of Giric or earlier, which had been held for fifty-four years or more were lost on that day by the right of conquest. William [of Malmesbury] writes: ‘There fell on that same field Constantine king of the Scots, a man of great spirit and vigorous old age, five kings etc.’, But the lie is given to this statement of William’s by various reliable chronicles, because after the tragic destruction of this battle Constantine held sway over the kingdom for four more years. Then giving up the kingship of his own accord, he put on the monk’s habit and devoted himself to God. He lived for five years after becoming abbot of the Culdees at St Andrews. He died and was buried there. Then the monks of Iona immediately with permission dug up his bones, took them and buried them in the tomb of his fathers in the church of blessed Oran in 947. Therefore it is not tenable that he was killed at the battle of Brunanburh, since he survived for about ten years after the battle. The following lines of verse are about him:
Constantine, whose father was Aed Albus
Was king for thiry and ten years.
For five he was in the city of St Andrews
There he died, living under religious rule.


Volume 3
Book V

Ch. 33, p. 107: King Alexander I [1107-1124]

King Alexander reigned for seventeen years. He was a well-educated and devout man, deferential and friendly to clerics and religious, but excessively terrifying to the rest of his subjects; he was a great-hearted man, extending himself in all directions beyond his strength. He was very enthusiastic in constructing churches, searching for relics of the saints, and in the manufacture and arrangement of priestly vestments and sacred books; he was also very generous beyond his means to all comers; so devout was he in respect of the poor that there was nothing that seemed to give him greater pleasure than receiving, washing, feeding and clothing them. Following his mother’s footsteps, he rivalled her in holy deeds to such an extent that he endowed three churches with many gifts, that is to say the church of St Andrew at Kilrymont and the churches of Dunfermline and Scone, the one founded by his father and mother, the other founded by himself to the glory of the Holy Trinity and St Michael the archangel, which was founded and built at Scone the chief seat of their kingdom. It was he who conferred the Boar’s Chase on blessed Andrew, and who also founded the monastery of canons of the Island of Incholm near Inverkeithing, and who conferred so many great privileges on the aforesaid church of the Holy Trinity at Scone, which he founded and built in the place where both the Pictish and the Scottish kings from ancient times had established the chief seat of their kingdom; and he had it dedicated after it had been built of stone construction in the manner of that time. In response to the king’s command almost the whole of the kingdom flocked to its dedication, which was performed by Turgot, bishop of St Andrews.

Book VI
Ch. 24, p. 343: The bishops of Kilrymont (that is St Andrews) from the time of the expulsion of the Picts until now
But because (as has been stated) the most saintly King David increased the number of bishoprics by new foundations, it seems to me appropriate (even if I do not deal separately with the other bishops) at least to insert something here about the succession of the bishops of St Andrews at least from the time of King Kenneth son of Alpin, the first monarch of the Scots (who swept away the Picts and their achievements) down to the present day, especially since each of them in his own time was regarded not as primate, but as the first and foremost [bishop] in the kingdom, lest if this information were to be scattered through the annals, enquirers would find a notice about [each of] these bishops less readily.
I find that the first was Kellach I and the second Fothad I, who was driven out by King Indulf; and after his expulsion from the see he lived for eight years. Regarding him I have found this inscription round the edge of the silver cover of a gospel book which is still preserved at St Andrews:
Fothad, who is the leading bishop among the Scots,
Made this cover for an ancestral gospel-book.

Then Kellach and Maelbridge, who was bishop for eight years. [This Maelbridge, as we read in the Life of the glorious and excellent confessor the blessed Duthac prophesied that he would be one of the bishops of the Scots; and this was fulfilled]. Then came Kellach II, son of Ferdlag, who was the first to go to Rome for confirmation. Then in succession came Malmore, a second Maelbridge, Alwin who held the see for three years, Maelduin Makgillandris, Tuthald for four years, Fothad II, Giric, Cathre, Edmar and Godric, who died as bishops-elect.
In 1109 Turgot prior of Durham was elected on the day of the Translation of St Augustine, and served as a consecrated bishop for about seven years. He wrote a little book about the saintliness of St Margaret the queen and about the virtues of her offspring. He was also her confessor. In 1117 ‘Edmund’ a monk of Canterbury was elected, but on renouncing his desire to become a bishop, he turned to his cloister. (But this man in the Life of St Anshelm calls himself Eadmer. He it was who dictated and wrote the Life of Anshelm.)
In 1122 Robert prior of Scone was elected to the see on the urging of King Alexander. He [the king] restored in its entirety the land called the Boar’s Chase, which had been taken away from the church of St Andrew, on condition that a religious community was established there, as had been previously arranged by King Alexander in a ceremony involving the king’s Arabian steed with its special harness and saddle, covered with a voluminous and precious caparison, along with a shield and silver lance (which now forms the shaft of a cross) – all these things the king in the presence of the magnates of the land had brought up to the altar, and he had the church invested with, and given sasine of, the said liberties and royal customs. David his brother, then an earl, was present there and confirmed this gift. This same Robert was consecrated by Thurstan archbishop of York without a profession of obedience, saving the privileges of each church and the authority of the apostolic see as was then specified. He remained bishop-elect for two years, and once consecrated served for thirty-five years, and so as elect and bishop he served for thirty-seven years. (Elsewhere I find it written thus: ‘He served as elect for two years and after consecration served for thirty-two years, so that as elect and bishop he served for thirty-four years.’) He died in 1159, and was buried in the old church of St Andrew during the reign of King Malcolm.

Ch. 25, p. 347: The election of St Waltheof abbot of Melrose to the see of St Andrews
After Robert’s death, as Jocelin the monk of Furness writes,
The episcopal see of St Andrews in Scotland was vacant, and by the request of the people, the election of the clergy and the assent of the princes Waltheof the saintly abbot of Melrose was chosen as pastor and bishop of their souls. Therefore the leading clergy came with some magnates of the land to Melrose with sufficient authority to embrace the man they had elected and bring him away with them; and the father abbot of Rievaulx, who happened to be present then, ordered Waltheof to comply with the election, assume the burden and undertake the office. But he excused himself on account of the weakness of his physical powers and his inability to undertake so weighty an employment; and he privately informed the abbot Rievaulx that he had not much longer to live on this earth. Replying to those who persisted in carrying through the plan for his election which had been conducted, and as the father abbot persisted in his command, the saint spoke truthfully in a prophetic spirit: ‘I have put off my robe; how can I put it on again? I have bathed my feet; God forbid that I dirty them again with the dust of worldly care.’ And he added, saying: ‘Believe me, you will elect and have a bishop other than me.’ Pointing his finger outside the chapter-house at Melrose, indicating his burial place there, he said: ‘This is my resting place. Here I shall dwell as long as the Lord pleases, since I have chosen it as a consolation for my sons.’ After these words the business was suspended; once it had been suspended it was adjourned by a stay of proceedings, and once delayed it was not carried through into effect. Once he had finally and utterly refused to consent to the election, another (namely the abbot of Kelso, who will be mentioned later) was elected, and Waltheof was buried at the time chosen by the Lord, lying asleep in the place which he had pointed out.

Ch. 35, p. 371: The election of Arnold abbot of Kelso to the see of St Andrews
In 1160 Arnold abbot of Kelso was elected as bishop of St Andrews on the feast of St Brice, which fell on a Sunday, and he was consecrated on the following Sunday in the old church of St Andrew by William bishop of Moray as legate of the apostolic see in the presence of King Malcolm. He was succeeded as abbot of Kelso by John, the precentor of that community, who was elected on the eve of the feast of St Andrew, and blessed by Herbert bishop of Glasgow on the Epiphany. In the same year Bishop Arnold was made legate of the lord pope and with King Malcolm founded the great church of St Andrew. He served as bishop for one year, then months and seventeen days, and died on 13 September 1162.
He was succeeded by Richard, a chaplain of King Malcolm, who was elected in 1165 and consecrated at St Andrews by the bishops of the kingdom on Palm Sunday, that is 28 March in the presence of the king. He served as bishop-elect for two years, and as a confirmed bishop for twelve years and one month. He died on 5 May in the canons’ infirmary in good old age and in saintliness of life. An inscription on wood about these three foregoing bishops buried in the old church reads as follows:
You who come as a pilgrim, pause, and first look on Robert,
Then on what remains of Arnold; the last tomb covers Richard;
They were once bishops, now they are citizens of Heaven.

In that same year, that is 1177, Master John called Scot was elected to the see of St Andrews. King William was totally opposed and, confident in the royal power, had Hugh his chaplain consecrated as bishop in the church of St Andrew in accordance with his wishes. On both sides a serious dispute and dangerous rift arose, as will be clear in what follows, because although Scot was so called, nevertheless he had been born an Englishman in the township which is called Budworth in the county of Chester. He had spent some time as a student of the liberal arts first at Oxford and then at Paris; and it was not only in the liberal arts, but also in physics and finally in theology that he seemed to everyone good enough to teach as a master. Then when he had returned from the schools and had stayed for some time with his relatives in his family home, he decided to go in person to Scotland and visit the church of St Andrew the Apostle, where he was taken up as an honoured protégé by the bishop. Now regarded not as a guest and a foreigner, but as a citizen and a native, after the death of the archdeacon he obtained the archdeaconry. And not many years later on the death of the bishop, when the day for an election had been arranged and everyone had gathered who was supposed to attend, and in the presence also of John de Monte Celio, the cardinal who had been appointed a legate from the lord pope’s side in Scotland in particular, the grace of the Holy Spirit was invoked, and all and sundry cast their votes for the archdeacon, and jointly elected him as bishop with no dissent.

Ch. 36, p. 345: How King William drove John out of the bishopric and how John appealed to the Roman court because of this
At that time William king of Scotland, on hearing that the archdeacon had been elected bishop without him being consulted or giving any consent of approval, took it badly; and unable to hide the anger aroused in his mind, he burst out with these words: ‘By the arm of St James (for this was his usual oath) ‘as long as I live he will never enjoy the bishopric of St Andrews, nor will he exercise episcopal authority in that see.’ Soon therefore the property and revenues of the bishop were seized, and the king ordered that both John and all the others connected in any way with his family or household be condemned to exile. This servant of Christ therefore did not know what to do or where to go, for since he was not allowed to remain in his own country, he was necessarily forced to live in exile. He calculated therefore that the one and only refuge left to him was to appeal to the apostolic see, and to commit both himself and his case to the protection of the lord pope. He underwent exile four years after the exile of St Thomas of Canterbury. With the Lord guiding his journey, therefore, he went to visit the apostolic see, and as one might expect in a man of experience and polished eloquence he set forth his case to the lord Alexander who was then supreme pontiff very intelligently and effectively. He omitted none of the circumstance, nor added anything untrue, but set forth the sequence of events in the matter to him stage by stage. On hearing this, the lord pope was struck with very considerable surprise that a man of such character and discernment who had been canonically elected should have been so readily rejected without reasonable cause, and in addition forced into exile. Therefore he undertook to defend his just case, and promised reliable advice and assistance in accordance with the merits of his case.
By order of the pope therefore Alexis, a subdeacon of the holy Roman church and nuncio of the apostolic see to find out the facts about the church of St Andrews, entered Scotland along with John the bishop-elect, who had previously been confirmed by the pope, though King William was reluctant to allow the visit. The said confirmed man had secured agreement that in conformity with the dignity of the church of St Andrews and the king’s honour he was to be consecrated to the episcopal see by whatever bishops he wanted. After many discussions and many troubles, with even the excommunication of some of the king’s clerks and a threat of interdict over the see of St Andrews besides (though John by no means agreed to this being done), when nearly all the bishops, abbots and eminent clergy designated by eminent office had been called together at Edinburgh in the church of the monastery at Holyrood, Alexis had John splendidly consecrated as bishop for the aforesaid see on Holy Trinity Sunday, 8 June, by Matthew bishop of Aberdeen by virtue of a mandate of the lord pope Alexander. The man this consecrated, realizing that he was without a bishopric, immediately left the province sadly for fear of the king and the wrath of the king’s men, and sought to return to the Roman court.

Ch. 37, p. 377: How he remained an exile at the Roman court for seven years
When he had stayed at the Roman court for a fair amount of time while the pope was taking advice and on his instructions, fearing that he was perhaps a nuisance to the lord pope or any of his court, he sought permission to leave immediately and stay somewhere else where the lord would allow it. The pope spoke to him: ‘Stay with us; don’t be afraid and do not take it on yourself to go anywhere away from the court, lest it happen that in your absence your adversaries sent from the king of Scotland’s side arrive, to accuse you on many points, and lest there is no one here to set himself up as a wall of defence on your behalf, or speak up for you against your accusers. But if you are complaining that you are short of the necessities of life, do not worry or be upset in any respect about these things, for we, by reason of our power, possess in abundance and superabundance what is lacking for your needs. Let there be one purse for all of us.’
Meanwhile, the lord pope sent a letter to the king admonishing and requesting him to allow the bishop to come home, and to receive him honourably on his return with proper filial affection. Otherwise lest so just a case for the case for the church appear to be lost by his neglect, the pope threatened to act more severely soon. For the pope wanted to pursue peaceful means of action, because a report of long standing made him cautiously take care for the future, that is lest a situation arise between the king and the bishop like that four years earlier when the same pope issued thunderbolts of judicial censures against King Henry of England (a relative of King William himself), who had nonetheless contemptuously and cruelly allowed Thomas archbishop of Canterbury to be killed in the bosom of mother church, whose rights the bishop was protecting. Therefore in the manner of a deaf snake closing his ears lest he hear the voice of a wise man casting a spell, the king neither yielded to warnings nor was frightened by threats, but persisted unmoved in his earlier purpose; he despised the menaces of the man who was issuing threats, and passed by with a deaf ear the prayers of the suppliant. Thereupon the supreme pontiff was much angered, and determined to place an interdict on the whole kingdom of Scotland unless the king without excessive delay were to make amends and promise to take the bishop under his protection with due honour. When he heard this, the bishop prostrated himself at the feet of the lord pope, vehemently imploring him to deign to cancel his intended purpose in this matter lest the Scottish church should be suspended on account of any case affecting him, and lest prayers of thanksgiving be not offered in it to the Lord in the usual way. ‘I prefer, holy father’, he said, ‘to surrender my right now, and resign the episcopal rank into your hands with the responsibilities attached to this rank, rather than that the masses being celebrated for the redemption of souls lying in Purgatory should be discontinued for even one day on account of any dignity conferred or to be conferred on me.’ The pope’s resolution was broken by his tearful entreaties, seeing that he wanted to surrender the bishopric rather than allow proceedings for the maintenance of his suit; and full of great admiration he restrained himself, and from that day forward it turned out that John found so much goodwill in the eyes of the supreme pontiff that whatever he asked of the pope which could legally be granted, he immediately acquired, and he did not suffer the rejection of the request which he had justifiably and reasonably made. He was compelled to stay in exile for seven years continuously, like Thomas of Canterbury, so that not even by letters from the lord pope and the cardinals, who wrote very warmly on his behalf, was he able to obtain permission from the king to return home.

Ch. 39, p. 387: How the bishop divided the see of Dunkeld
…At length John was elected bishop of Dunkeld, so that all grounds for dispute would be removed, and a lasting settlement achieved, with both king and clergy cheerfully consenting, and he was accepted by everyone with the greatest devotion. But seeing that he had suffered much expense, and wearisome hardships and damages while an exile for seven years, and the see of Dunkeld was far inferior to the see of St Andrews in revenues and estates, it was decreed in common council as some compensation that all the revenues which he held in the diocese of St Andrews when he held his archdeaconry were to remain permanently with him in full, and after his death they were to be returned to the diocese of St Andrews without argument. He was therefore harmoniously elected bishop of Dunkeld, confirmed by the lord pope, consecrated by his authority…
Sir Hugh, his successor in the see of St Andrews, remained a bishop there for ten years and many months, and when he went to the Roman see regarding the case between him and John of Dunkeld, and had been received into the pope’s favour and absolved regarding his intrusion into the see, died six miles from the city on this side on 4 August 1188.

Ch. 41, p 393: The succession of Roger and William as bishops of the same
In 1189 after bishop Hugh’s death Roger, the son of a nobleman who was early of Leicester, and a kinsman and chancellor of the lord king William, was elected to the bishopric of St Andrews on 13 April (a Friday); and in 1198 he was consecrated to his episcopal see by Richard bishop of Moray on the first Sunday in Lent, in the presence of the king, etc. And he served as bishop-elect for ten years, and as a consecrated bishop for three years and a half . He died at Cambuskenneth on 7 July 1202, and was buried in the old church of St Andrew.
In this year a certain legate called John who had been sent to Scotland translated William bishop of Glasgow at the request of King William, and appointed him bishop of the church of St Andrews. His postulation and translation took place at Scone on 20 September (a Friday). He ruled the church of St Andrews with vigour and distinction through many misfortunes for thirty-five years, ten months and two weeks. For he devoted himself with ever-watchful attention to restoring property that had been dispersed and alienated to its original condition, to preserving with discerning purposefulness what had been gathered together and assigned for the church’s purposes, and with cheerful countenance and jovial disposition to making generous distributions. Yet he arbitrarily took from the house of Dunfermline, it is said, the right to nominate to the vicarages of Kinglassie and Hailes, because on one occasion when he was spending the night at Dunfermline he had insufficient wine to drink in his room after supper. And this was not the fault of the monks’ servants, but of his own, who by reckless serving of the amount of wine which had been calculated as sufficient for his need used it up earlier than expected. At length he died at Inchmurdo on 9 July 1238 (a Friday), and is buried in the new church of St Andrew…

Ch. 43, p. 399: Bishops William Fraser and William Lamberton
On 4 August 1279 William Fraser, the king’s chancellor, was elected, with the Culdees again excluded then as in the preceding election. He was consecrated in the Roman court by the lord pope Nicholas on 19 May 1280. He served as bishop-elect for ten months and six days, as bishop for seventeen years, three months and eight days; and so as elect and bishop for eighteen years and fifteen days. Wanting to avoid the tyranny of Edward Longshanks king of England and the hostile acts of the English, he withdrew to France and met his end at Auteuil on 20 August 1297; and he was buried in the church of the Friars Preachers in Paris. Then after a little while his heart was brought to Scotland, and was buried by his successor William de Lamberton in the wall of the church of St Andrews next to the tomb of bishop Gamelin.
In the meantime in 1295 indeed, while the said Bishop William was staying in France, all Englishmen holding benefices in the diocese of St Andrews were ejected permanently from all their benefices by judicial decree of Master William de Kinghorn and Master Peter de Campania on account of the clearest grounds for suspicion of treason, and credible proofs of criminal conspiracy against the king and state of the kingdom. In like manner all and sundry of the rest of the English, both clerics and laymen, were expelled by the king’s council on account of their plotting, William Wallace being the man who put their decree into effect.
William Fraser was succeeded by William de Lamberton, who was then chancellor of Glasgow. He was elected on 5 November 1297, with the Culdees then entirely excluded as in the two previous elections. On this account William Comyn who was then provost of the Culdees opposed this election. He went to Rome, and in the presence of the lord pope Boniface VIII challenged the said election and the man who had been elected in every way that he could, but to no effect. For notwithstanding his objections, the lord pope approved the election, confirmed the bishop-elect, and on 1 June 1298 consecrated him in due fashion.
It should be noted that episcopal jurisdiction during a vacancy rests entirely with the chapter. This jurisdiction was effectively administered throughout the whole diocese by Master Nicholas de Balmyle, the official of the court of St Andrews appointed by the chapter of the same place, and was exercised in the name of the chapter as fully as possible under the law.
This William had an affectionate love for his canons and did many good things during his lifetime. While extremely concerned with the repair of the monastery buildings and making much available for that, he repaired little on his own estates. After he had served as bishop for some eighteen years, when shown by members of his household to be guilty of not building his own manor houses, he is said to have once replied in some agitation: ‘With the help of the grace of God, I intend to erect buildings of such size and of such strength that many as my successors will think it important to maintain them in a suitable or similar condition’. From then on he completed one of his manor houses nearly every year at quite considerable expense, namely his own fortress palace at St Andrews, his manor houses at Inchmurdo, Monimail, Dairsie, Torry, Muckhart, Kettins, Monymusk, Liston, Lasswade and Stow in Wedale; he also built a new chapter-house at his own expense. He splendidly adorned the beams of the great church with shaped boards and carvings, and left to the canons of the same a valuable red vestment adorned with embroidered pictures, along with a mitre and pastoral staff and a great many books. He ruled his church in a praiseworthy manner with wisdom and foresight and complete integrity of character; he preserved its rights and ecclesiastical liberties intact all his days, and adorned it in many ways with other signs of his virtues. He served as bishop-elect for seven months and two weeks, and as bishop for thirty years, thirty weeks and six days. Then he fell ill with the complaint by which he was carried off from this life in the monastery of St Andrews, in the room of the lord prior of that place; and he was buried in the great church to the north of the altar on 7 June 1328.

Ch. 44, p. 403: The bishops sir James Ben, sir William Bell elect, and William Laundels
On 19 June of the said year the canons of St Andrews held an election, with the Culdees entirely excluded as with previous elections. The method of a general vote was used, and with some agreeing on sir James Ben who was then archdeacon of St Andrews, and some on Alexander de Kininmund who was then archdeacon of Lothian, the election was a disputed one. But sir James, who as then staying at the Roman court in person, before news of the outcome of the election reached him, obtained the bishopric by appointment of the lord pope John XXII, who had reserved for his own appointment nearly all the bishoprics in the world. Sir Alexander then went to the Roman court and was made bishop of Aberdeen by the lord pope’s provision. Sir William Comyn, who was then provost of the Chapel Royal, challenged this election, but this was a pretence of an appeal, as it were; and on this account he did not follow it up by going to the Roman court. Later he was promoted archdeacon of Lothian by favour of the lord pope. This bishop sir James, in fear of the ferocity and intolerable cruelty of the English, who were on the rampage everywhere in the kingdom of Scotland after the battle of Dupplin, for the young boy David had earlier been crowned by him, came to St Andrews by night from Loch Leven, bidding farewell to the prior and convent he boarded a ship there the next night with a few companions. Not many days later he landed safely in Flanders, and while staying in the town of Bruges he departed this life on 22 September 1332, and was buried at the Eeckhout monastery of regular canons of Bruges. He served as a bishop then for four yearsm two weeks and as many days.
In this year on 19 August William Bell dean of Dunkeld was elected by means of the compromise procedure; the Culdees were then entirely excluded, claimed no right in that election, and raised no objection. He went to the curia which was then Avignon, where he encountered many opponents and adversaries, by whom the processing of his case was in the end held up until the promotion as bishop of sir William Laundels. Smitten indeed by various afflictions, and in the end overtaken by old age and stricken with blindness, he resigned his right of election. After returning from the curia in the company of the said William de Laundels who had now been promoted to the see, and assuming the habit of the regular canons in the monastery at St Andrews, he breathed his last in the infirmary there on 7 February 1342.
On 18 February of the previous year sir William de Laundels rector of the church of Kinkell was promoted to the bishopric by provision of the lord pope Benedict XII, and on 17 March he was consecrated. The support which came in many requests to the supreme pontiff and his venerable college of cardinals from the illustrious kings of France and Scotland and also from other venerable persons recommended him as worthy of a bishopric on the strength of the merits of his life. But it was especially the letters (both public and private) of the chapter of St Andrews, sent on various occasions to the same see on his behalf, and taking into account the resignation of the said master William Bell, which achieved the processing of his business. Without them any other letters in the form of petitions would have entirely failed to achieve processing, a fact that is more fully made clear in the public bulls of the lord pope himself. In these William is not recommended as if by the request of some individual, but he is openly named as the elect of the same church. This see from the death of sir James Ben to the promotion of sir William Laundels was vacant for nine years, five months and eight days.

Ch. 45, p. 405: The same [William Laundels] and sir Walter Trayl
This William Laundels was a man from a leading family, generous and kind, the lord and heir of all the lands and estate of Laundels, witty, generous, cheerful, gentle, forbearing, handsome and peaceable, a [sincere] lover of the canons as his own sons. When he had held office for forty-four years, he met his end at a good old age in the monastery of St Andrews. He died on the feast of St Tecla the Virgin 1385, on the seventh anniversary of the burning of the church of St Andrew, and he is buried in the paved floor in the great church opposite the door to the sacristy under a finely carved stone.
He was succeeded by Walter Trayl, a champion of the church, a knight of civil law, a doctor of canon law, and a man equipped with all the liberal arts, who was, however, not elected, but appointed by provision at the wish of the lord pope Clement VII. (This pope was in the straight line of descent from Mary Countess of Boulogne, the daughter of Margaret the queen and Malcolm the king of Scotland). Walter was then a referendary in the court of this pope at Avignon, one of the inner circle of his household and a distinguished auditor of cases. As a mark of the pope’s exceptional esteem for this man, it is said that when news came of the vacancy in the bishopric of St Andrews, the pope suggested concerning him that in his judgement the same Walter was more worthy of the papacy than of a bishopric. By his [Trayl’s] provision the person would be far worse provided for than the place.
Despite this, after the death of the said sir William de Laundels the chapter, on some unknown day, elected sir Stephen Pay prior of St Andrews, a very generous man inclined to plain speaking, lofty in stature, attractive to onlookers and extremely popular. Making a rapid start on a journey to the Roman court with his election decree and letters of recommendation from the king and the chapter to acquire confirmation, he accidentally when at sea fell into the hands of pirates, and was taken as a captive to England. And because he knew that the monastery of St Andrews was threatened by the great expense of the burden of his ransom and the unfortunate fire which had burnt their church not long before, he chose rather to end his life in England than through a ransom of this kind do too much harm to the bishopric or the monastery. There by God’s will he took ill at Alnwick, as a result of which he was borne away from this world; his soul departed from its bodily dwelling-place and, it is hoped, entered into the joy of the Lord on 2 March 1385.
After his death, as has been said above, the said Walter Trayl succeeded to the bishopric. Although he belonged to a family of middling status, nevertheless by the nobility of his character he surpassed his lineage. Once he had been made bishop therefore, with his appointment graciously expedited and confirmed by bulls of the lord pope, he hurried to his native land and satisfied the demands of his office well enough; as priest, bishop, and a good skilled master of the virtues, a good pastor among his people, he had been given authority by the pope over peoples and kingdoms, that is those of good birth living in his diocese and the magnates of the kingdom, to eradicate deeply-rooted sins, and tear down the ramparts of heretics, and destroy the deliberations of the wicked and build on the foundation of morals and plant on faith. For it was suitable for such a man to be put in charge of such a church, on whose judgement depended the government of almost the whole kingdom in matters of difficulty. He bestowed on everyone what was of advantage to them – advice to the king and court, cash payments to his church: and being thus involved in the concerns of the court, because he had concern for everything, he left room for neglect in neither of his administrative functions. By thus adorning himself everywhere with the embellishments of the virtues, he inculcated spiritual lesson dint he people all the more on that account. Thus he suppressed vices in himself, lest they held sway; he tamed the flesh, lest it be in control; he raised up the spirit to take the lead; not as it were lording it over the clergy, but, having become a model for his flock, he presented himself as an example of good works towards everybody. He reproached laymen who maligned the church with ecclesiastical censure; he curbed clerics from worldly affairs and commerce; and he restrained priests with concubines from all brother-keeping throughout the whole of his diocese, and banished them from vile filth of this kind, so that there was no cleric there at all among the men of holy church who obviously and openly kept a concubine without Walter either humbling him, however eminent he may be, with imprisonment, or depriving him of his benefice, or otherwise very shrewdly sanctioning a permanent separation.
This sever critic of morals therefore and corrector of faults, than whom no one was more severe in his rebukes, more gentle in his compassion, more lavish in his expenditure, more friendly in his conversation, ore ready with his assistance, had no fear of the threats of magnates, nor was he a respecter of persons, nor was anyone found like him in maintaining the law Most High. Broken by old age, when he was about seventy, he died in the castle at St Andrews which he had himself built from the foundation on [ ] 1401. He served as a bishop for sixteen years, and was honourably buried in the burial place of the bishops next to the high altar in the church of St Andrew on the north side within the screen. There is was written of him:
This man was an upright pillar of the church, a bright window, a scented censer, a resounding bell.

Ch. 46, p. 409: Bishop Henry Wardlaw
After the death of the said sir Walter Trayl, Thomas Stewart was elected. He was a son of the elder King Robert, a brother of King Robert III, a paternal uncle of James I, archdeacon of St Andrews, a man of very retiring disposition and dove-like innocence. After his election had been approved and the election decree was about to be transmitted to the curia, he renounced his election; and Master Walter Danielston was postulated, who took possession of the fruits of the see until his death.
This Walter Danielston with a large force of armed men set himself up as lord in Dumbarton castle, causing great annoyance to the king and the kingdom. A man of action, he could not be prised away from the king’s other castle, other than by a transfer of this kind. Yet he died as keeper of the castle. Someone has written this about both Walters, that is Trayl and Danielston, first about the former:
Vessel of Virtue! Food and light for the emaciated
Who revives the sick with life-saving abundance.

He changes his style for the latter, saying thus:
Because you fail to do these things you will change your fame and fame.
An etymology arising from the contrast:
Vessel of the Vices! Food of indulgence
Who without pity holds the sick in check by a sulphurous lash.

After the death of this Walter de Danielston, the venerable father, Master Gilbert Grenlaw was postulated. A man supported by the dignity of all the virtuous habits, he was bishop of Aberdeen and chancellor of the kingdom of Scotland, tenacious for justice, firm and calm in all his conduct. But meanwhile, following a provision of the Lord Benedict XIII, there came home from the curia at Avignon a man of distinguished blood, that is Master Henry de Wardlaw the cardinal bishop of Glasgow. This man was gentle, kind and liberal, handsome in appearance and more handsome in his character, slight of build but pleasing in personality. In his endeavour to please everybody in doing good, he entertained daily at great cost beyond his means, but was an agreeable innkeeper who charged nothing. It was he who as the prime founder brought the university to the city of St Andrews, who built the Guardbridge at great expense, and who obtained from King Robert III two-thirds of the great custom of St Andrews for himself and his successors as bishops forever, while he previously held no more than one third. Between him, however, and the said sir Walter Trayl the see was vacant for three and a half years. He served as bishop for nearly forty years, and when worn out by age after this present life’s course, he was buried in the church of St Andrew in the wall between the choir and the Lady Chapel with greater honour than that given to his predecessors. He died in the castle after Easter on 6 April 1440. Consider his further praise on his epitaph:
Alas for one whom the fretful stone presses upon as he is weighed down by the tomb.
See I commence my mournful verse expressing my grief for a father.
The earthly flesh of the noble Henry Wardlaw is thus buried: the circumstance demands that, within a short space of time, it becomes that from which it was created.
My Muse, groaning, add in your lamentations, redoubling your grief, since the rampant rage of death thus lays low all honours.
Dust is turned to dust hidden here in this burial.
See, equal desolation subdues high and low alike.
This man was a guide to the blind and a foot to the lame; a source of salvation to the sick,
By his outstanding fame, giving teaching to those who followed him.
He was clothed in piety, goodness, the integrity of the law, virtue, peace and probity; he in person removed harmful scourges.
Fair in his judgements, he balanced the scales of justice with impartiality.
He was a model, an example, and the glory of the people, of the clergy and his country.
As a teacher he rightly propagated God’s decrees by his example.
The schools founded on the Rymont stream are his noble achievement.
The whole of Scotland drinks at the waters of this stream.
The school flourishes in the wake of this bishop everywhere renowned.

If someone seeks to find out who is the subject of these verses, he will soon be able to find out by looking at their initial letters.

Ch. 47, p. 413: James Kennedy bishop of St Andrews
On the following 22 April 1440 the nobleman Master James Kennedy, the nephew of King James I by his sister the countess of Angus, and bishop of Dunkeld, was postulated by the method of accepting the guidance of the Holy Spirit. He was then at the curia at Florence with the lord pope Eugenius, from whom in the previous year he obtained the monastery of Scone in commend. But before his election decree and the royal letter of recommendation reached the curia, he was provided with the bishopric of St Andrews. He celebrated his first mass with great splendour in his church on the feast of St Jerome, which fell on a Sunday, in 1442.
[Chapters 49-57 discuss the Priors of St Andrews]

Book VIII
Ch. 25, p. 323: The fickleness of the men of Galloway; and the attempt by the English to make the Scottish church subject to them
In this year [1178] Master John surnamed Scot but English by race was elected to the bishopric of St Andrews. But King William refused to agree to his election and caused his own chaplain Hugh to be consecrated as bishop. Between the two parties a grave dispute and f=dangerous division emerged (concerning which see above, Book VI, where there is an account of the bishops of St Andrews).

Ch. 67, p. 441: The privilege of the Scottish church that it be subject to no one except the Roman pontiff [transcription of the papal bull cum universi]
Innocent the bishop, servant of the servants of God sends his greeting and apostolic blessing to his most beloved son in Christ, William the illustrious king of the Scots and to his successors in perpetuity.
Although all the faithful should find protection and favour with the apostolic see, yet it is right and proper that those whose faithfulness and devotion that see has experienced on many occasions should be especially cherished by the bulwark of its protection, so that they may be all the more encouraged to fervent love for it and with even more devoted affection may allow themselves to be governed by reverence and devotion which we know you have shown toward the Roman church from long times past, and following the example of our predecessor Pope Celestine of happy memory, we most strictly enjoin in this our present letter that since the Scottish church, which is recognized as comprising the bishoprics of St Andrews, Glasgow, Dunkeld, Dunblane, Brechin, Aberdeen, Moray, Ross and Caithness, is directly subject without intermediary to the apostolic see, of which it is a specially favoured daughter, no-one save only the Roman pontiff or a legate despated a latere should be permitted to proclaim an interdict or sentence of excommunication upon the kingdom of Scotland.




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